红麻副产物栽培刺芹侧耳技术研究

为了寻找栽培食用菌的新原料和增加红麻种植的经济效益,本研究进行了红麻副产物栽培刺芹侧耳试验。通过测定不同营养条件下刺芹侧耳的菌丝生长速率以及生物学效率,研究了水分、pH值、钙盐、糖以及碳氮比对刺芹侧耳生长的影响,确定了红麻副产物栽培刺芹侧耳的最佳配方。结果表明,红麻副产物培养基中麻骨50％、氮源35％、水分67．5％,pH值为5．5,添加1％碳酸钙和1％蔗糖时用来栽培刺芹侧耳生物学效率最高。品质分析结果显示红麻栽培刺芹侧耳产品的蛋白质、脂肪、还原糖和粗纤维指标与棉籽壳培养基栽培的接近,但总糖含量与对照相比降低了7％。因此,红麻副产物是栽培刺芹侧耳的理想原料之一。     

Effects of Byproduct Amendment on Enzyme Activities and Physicochemical Properties of Acidic Orchard Soil from Jiaodong Peninsula of China

Application of byproduct amendment containing silicon, calcium, magnesium, and potassium has been shown to improve acidic soil quality in Jiaodong Peninsula of China. In this study, we explored the influences of amendment supplemented with and without urea on the physicochemical properties as well as microbial activities of acidic soil from Jiaodong over a 120-day period. With the amendment, the electronic conductivity and pH of soils changed. The amendment treatment significantly reduced inorganic nitrogen content and increased microbial biomass nitrogen content during the whole incubation period. The microbial biomass, activities of phenol oxidase and dehydrogenase were increased by the addition of amendments, while the soil respiration, catalase and urease activity were declined. Our results indicated that application of byproduct amendment could improve the chemical and biological properties of the acidic orchard soils from Jiaodong over a short time period of investigation.     

循环农业发展中农牧副产品利用现状的调研分析——以石家庄市为例

从农业循环经济的角度出发,对石家庄市18县（市）1995～2005年的相关时序资料及随机问卷结果进行分析,系统阐述了石家庄市农牧副产品利用的现状及存在的问题,提出了石家庄市农牧副产品（秸秆和粪便）利用2大主体模式,并对其增值潜力进行分析。     

基于iKnife智能手术刀质谱技术金枪鱼内脏脂质组学研究

本研究利用iKnife智能手术刀质谱建立了一种金枪鱼内脏组织脂质组学检测新技术,用于对金枪鱼内脏营养价值进行深入研究。iKnife智能手术刀切割组织样品产生含有大量含磷脂离子的气溶胶,经专门的质谱接口装置直接引入质谱进行实时检测。结果显示,金枪鱼内脏中共鉴定出磷脂离子峰41种,质量范围m/z 699.5~911.6,其中信号最强离子峰m/z 790.5经鉴定为[PE 40:6-H]^-(相对丰度10.03%),其次为m/z 745.5([PA 40:7-H]^-,相对丰度9.02%)。该方法选择性强、精密度高、灵敏度好。本研究结果为质谱相关技术发展提供了参考,为金枪鱼副产物中脂质检测与综合利用提供了依据。     

Replacement of Fishmeal with a Blend of Poultry Byproduct Meal and Soybean Meal in Diets for Largemouth Bass,Micropterus salmoides

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of replacing fishmeal with poultry byproduct meal (PBM) and soybean meal in diets for largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. A reference diet (C) contained 400 g/kg fishmeal, and 40 or 60% of the fishmeal was replaced with a blend of pet‐food‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PP1 and PP2) or a blend of feed‐grade PBM and soybean meal (diets PF1 and PF2). No significant differences were found in weight gain, nitrogen retention efficiency (NRE), condition factor, and body composition among fish fed diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were higher in fish fed diet PF1 than in fish fed diet PP1. No significant differences were found in weight gain, NRE, condition factor, and body composition between fish fed diet C and diets PP1, PP2, PF1, and PF2. The feed intake and FCR were lower in fish fed diet C than in fish fed diets PP2, PF1, and PF2. This study reveals that dietary fishmeal level for largemouth bass could be reduced to 160 g/kg by inclusion of PBM and soybean meal in combination.     

小麦深加工及综合利用

从新型小麦面粉产品,小麦淀粉与谷朊粉的生产与利用,小麦变性淀粉及衍生物,谷朊粉改性,小麦加工副产物麸皮、次粉和小麦胚的利用等方面,对小麦深加工和综合利用技术与产品进行了综述,为工业化小麦深加工和利用提供思路。     

豆皮果胶类多糖的提取及其在大豆蛋白凝胶类食品的应用

为提高大豆副产物利用率,拓展豆皮果胶类多糖（Soybean Hull Pectin Polysaccharide, SHPP）在凝胶类食品的应用,该研究采用盐辅助结合水热处理技术提取大豆豆皮中的豆皮果胶类多糖,并对其基本理化性质进行表征。通过以大豆蛋白为主要成分的凝胶类食品豆腐花为模型,探究不同添加量豆皮果胶类多糖（0～2.0%）与大豆蛋白的离散型相分离行为,分析其微相分离行为与宏观流变学性质、机械性能、持水性与感官评定的关联性,并与商品化柑橘果胶（Citrus Pectin, CP）作对比。结果表明,该提取法所得豆皮果胶类多糖提取率为17.95%±0.21%,其半乳糖醛酸含量为42.13%±2.05%,平均粒径为（210.3±2.9）nm,多分散性指数（Polydispersity Index, PDI）为0.466±0.037,豆皮果胶类多糖具有良好的亲水性和低黏度特性,易分散于水。添加0～0.5%豆皮果胶类多糖制备豆腐花,发现其微观上无相分离产生,具有良好的网络微结构;宏观上表现为外观白嫩,黏弹性、持水性与口感均良好。添加1.0%豆皮果胶类多糖的豆腐花宏观上出现明显析水,凝胶黏弹性和持水性均显著（P<0.05）减少。继续增加豆皮果胶类多糖至1.5%添加量则会导致相分离产生,蛋白凝胶网络微结构变得无序,网状孔隙增大,凝胶强度进一步减弱,保水性极差（46.2%±3.2%）。由此确定,豆皮果胶类多糖适宜添加量为0.5%。与经优化的柑橘果胶添加量为0.1%的豆腐花作比较,发现添加0.5%豆皮果胶类多糖的豆腐花在质构特性以及色泽、组织状态、滋味气味、口感、可接受度各方面的感官评分上均优于含柑橘果胶的豆腐花。结果表明豆皮果胶类多糖更适用于蛋白凝胶类食品。研究结果为豆皮果胶类多糖的应用开发,大豆副产物的再利用以及全豆食品的发展提供一定推动作用。     

菌渣代料栽培刺芹侧耳技术研究

为探索循环利用刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii(DC.ex Fr.)Quel)菌渣栽培刺芹侧耳的可行性,优化菌渣代料栽培刺芹侧耳的条件与培养基配方,通过测定菌丝生长速率与生物学效率,比较分析了刺芹侧耳品种‘杏1’、‘杏2’和‘Z杏’在不同培养基上的栽培效果。结果表明:菌渣代料栽培刺芹侧耳的最佳条件为养菌温度24℃,培养基含水量65%,p H值6.0;在棉籽壳、苎麻副产物以及麻蔸等主料中加入40%~50%菌渣后产生的生物学效率最高,分别达到了67.59%、70.24%、71.02%,‘杏1’的生物学效率高于其他2个品种,但差异无统计学意义。本研究结果表明,生产中再次利用菌渣代料栽培刺芹侧耳是完全可行的。