富共轭亚油酸乳脂对小鼠免疫特性的影响

应用从牛奶中提取的富共轭亚油酸(CLA)的乳脂对小鼠进行灌胃35 d,检测富CLA的乳脂对小鼠体重,脏体比,脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响,初步探讨富CLA乳脂对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果显示,日粮添加量为0.1%富CLA的乳脂可显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖反应(P<0.01),但对体重和脏体比没有影响(P>0.05),这提示富CLA的乳脂具有增强小鼠细胞免疫功能的作用。     

酵母菌对黄油贮藏稳定性的影响

从葡萄、提子、开菲尔粒中分离纯化出5株酵母菌,分别涂布于黄油表面,22℃培养60 d,每隔15 d对样品进行感观评定、酸值测定,60 d后分析各样品的过氧化值、脂肪酸组成,得到黄油的酸败与低碳链脂肪酸有关,两株酵母菌对黄油的酸败有抑制作用,延缓黄油释放出哈败味道.     

乌桕脂皮油制取类可可脂新工艺研究

研究了从乌桕脂皮油中制取类可可脂的新工艺。结果表明，乌 脂炼皮油在特定条件下于３７℃保２３ｈ类可可脂产率与千法结晶法相比，从６８．６４％提高到７４．４２％，且结晶粗大，容易过滤分离。经过新工艺调温后类可可脂结晶细腻，口感良好，无异味，熔点３８．１℃，ＳＦＣ值２０℃为８９．５，３０℃为５６．３，３７℃为１４．６，４０℃为０．４８，类可可脂及皮油不添加抗氧化剂，常温下贮２个月ＰＯＶ值达１００ｍｃｇ．ｋ     

Variations in dendrometric and fruiting characters of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Vitellaria paradoxa</Emphasis> populations and multivariate models for estimation of fruit yield

The fruit of Vitellaria paradoxa is an ideal raw material in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and confectionery industries. There are no accurate data on annual fruit yield due to the lack of objective assessment tools. The objectives of this study were to develop fruit yield prediction models based on dendrometric and fruiting variables, to examine variations in these variables between upland and lowland populations in Burkina Faso, and associations between these variables. A total of 191 fruiting trees were selected according to crown accessibility, and 17 dendrometric and fruiting variables were recorded. The fruit yield, expressed in number of fruits per tree, fresh and dry weights of fruits, was assessed by collecting fruits dropped overnight until the end of the fruiting period. Fruit yield prediction models were derived for each population using partial least squares regression. The results showed significant differences in dendrometric and fruiting variables between populations (P < 0.01). The lowland population had the highest values for most of the dendrometric variables while fruiting variables were the highest for the upland population. A strong significant correlation (P < 0.01) was found between number of shoots and fruiting variables. Within individual trees, fruit yield was lowest for the bottom part of the crown and the section of the crown with north-east orientation. Fruit yield parameters were successfully predicted based on selected dendrometric and fruiting variables (prediction error = 0.092 and 0.125 for upland and lowland populations, respectively). All fruiting variables, number of shoots and crown attributes had the highest influence on the models.     

牛油粉末油脂配方及乳化条件优化

为了研制牛油粉末油脂配方,优化乳化工艺条件,以乳化稳定性和粘度为指标,采用单因素试验结合正交试验,对牛油粉末油脂配方中的碳水化合物、蛋白质、稳定剂、乳化剂组成和用量以及乳化条件进行了优化筛选.结果表明:最佳乳化条件为牛油30%,麦芽糊精∶葡萄糖浆为5∶1、用量65%,酪朊酸钠3.5%,阿拉伯胶2.5%,乳化剂SE-13 0.5%,GMS 0.4%,CITREM 0.9%,乳化温度75℃,乳化时间15min,乳化剪切机转速9 000r/min的条件下,乳化稳定性为96.7%,产品包埋率达92.49%.     

黄油乳清组分分析与乳化特性评价

黄油乳清(BS)是生产无水黄油时产生的副产物。由于富含乳脂肪球膜等组分，黄油乳清被认为是富集球膜组分的良好原料。然而，目前的研究集中于黄油乳清的基础组分构成，对脂肪球膜源组分的构成及应用特性的研究尚未明确，限制了黄油乳清的应用。通过离心搅打等方式从牛乳黄油中分离出黄油乳清，以原料乳和酪乳为对照，分析了黄油乳清的基本组分和脂肪球膜源组分构成。结果表明，与原料乳、酪乳相比，黄油乳清的蛋白质、脂肪质量分数显著增加，总钙含量显著降低，乳糖质量分数、含水率、pH值等无显著性差异(P>0.05);黄油乳清中含脂肪球膜磷脂56种，包括磷脂酰胆碱(Phosphatidylcholine, PC)20种、磷脂酰乙醇胺(Phosphatidylethanolamine, PE) 10种、磷脂酰丝氨酸(Phosphatidylserine, PS)7种、磷脂酰肌醇(Phosphatidylinositol, PI)6种、鞘磷脂(Sphingomyelin, SM)13种，其中鞘磷脂含量约为酪乳的3倍，质量浓度达到0.352 mg/mL;黄油乳清含脂肪球膜蛋白4种，其中丰度最大的为高碘酸希夫糖蛋白6/7...