尾叶桉萌芽林炼山与不炼山生长比较研究

对广西高峰林场第二代尾叶桉林进行炼山与不炼山生长比较研究.结果表明:不炼山样地的尾叶桉树高与胸径生长均优于炼山样地的,不炼山的尾叶桉蓄积生长迅速,是同期炼山样地的2倍以上.炼山后造成地表覆盖物的销毁,枯落有机物和养分库大量损失,增大了幼林地的水土流失,不利于幼林的生长.     

秸秆焚烧的危害及综合利用研究

分析了秸秆焚烧的危害和屡禁不止的原因,指出了秸秆综合利用的必要性。综合探讨了推广秸秆综合利用技术的几点合理化建议,提出了治理秸秆焚烧需要有“堵”有“疏”,需要通过多方努力使农民自觉利用秸秆,才能从根本上解决秸秆焚烧问题。     

大兴安岭林区落叶松人工林采伐迹地剩余物燃烧蔓延模型的研究

根据Rothermal模型原理,建立了基于能量守恒方程的落叶松人工林采伐迹地剩余物燃烧蔓延理论模型。将落叶松人工林采伐迹地剩余物置于燃烧实验台进行燃烧实验,通过改变风速、坡度等因子获取燃烧数据,并将其与理论模型计算进行比较,结果表明实验结果与理论模型计算基本一致,说明建立的理论模型具有较高的精度。所建立的落叶松人工林采伐迹地剩余物燃烧蔓延模型对于大兴安岭林区采伐迹地火灾扑救以及采伐迹地火灾的计算机模拟技术具有重要意义。     

社会主义新农村建设"主体燃烧"论

社会主义新农村建设是现阶段解决“三农”问题的主要突破口,农民是社会主义新农村建设的主体。依据“燃烧理论”这一理论工具并借鉴中国华西村和韩国新村运动的实践经验得出:社会主义新农村建设应从农民主体入手,充分利用中国农村丰富的人力资源,改变农民精神贫困、依赖懒惰的思想状态,激发、点燃他们的创业精神和合作意识。这是社会主义新农村建设成功的根本所在。     

多源卫星遥感农作物秸秆焚烧过火区面积估算方法

秸秆焚烧过火区面积是秸秆焚烧影响评估的重要参数之一。该文针对卫星遥感秸秆焚烧过火面积估算中因作物秸秆焚烧后农田翻耕速度较快,对卫星观测频次要求高,且由于下垫面多种类型混杂,对卫星空间分辨率要求高的双重问题,提出利用风云三号气象卫星数据高观测频次和高分一号数据高空间分辨率特点,基于卫星遥感图像光谱分析和混合像元分解技术的多源卫星遥感农作物秸秆焚烧过火区面积估算方法。使用该方法对河南省驻马店市平舆县和正阳县进行了秸秆焚烧面积估算,并采用高分一号数据进行了验证,平均精度达到94%以上,说明该文提出的方法既解决了秸秆焚烧过火区监测的高时效需求问题,又保证了过火区面积估算精度。     

人工油松林火烧前后土壤化学性质变化的研究

本文对人工油松林火烧前后土壤化学性质变化进行了研究。研究结果表明，火烧后土壤ｐＨ值、土壤盐基饱和度、土壤交换性阳离子和土壤阳离子交换量等土壤化学性质均受到不同程度影响。其中，以土壤表层变化最强烈。     

广西典型生物质燃烧气态污染物排放特征

为探究南方常见生物质燃烧产生的气态污染物的排放特征,利用炉灶对广西地区常见生物质燃烧产生的烟气进行实测,分析生物质燃烧排放污染物的排放因子、组分特征及化学反应活性。研究表明：生物质燃烧的CO、NOx、CH₄和非甲烷总烃（NMVOCs）的平均排放因子为36.42、1.73、0.89 g·kg^-1和2.39 g·kg^-1;乙醛是生物质燃烧排放的最主要的醛酮污染物,排放因子为147.09~599.10 mg·kg^-1;7种生物质的醛酮污染物的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）总量在6.73~18.58 mg·m^-3之间,其中甲醛、乙醛和丙烯醛的OFP较高;广西2010—2019年间生物质秸秆燃烧排放的CO、NOx、CH₄、NMVOCs及醛酮污染物的平均总排放量分别为252 660.14、19 060.86、23 765.92、52 795.02 t及40 410.62 t,水稻、玉米和甘蔗秸秆是广西生物质燃烧释放大气污染物的主要贡献源。     

紫茎泽兰的燃烧火行为特征

紫茎泽兰(Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng)是一种外来入侵物种,干枯的紫茎泽兰植株具有较好的易燃性,并且紫茎泽兰植株枯死期正是昆明地区的森林防火期,对森林防火具有重要的影响。在昆明周边的林区内进行外业调查、采集紫茎泽兰样品,并在可控条件的实验室内利用热电偶等测定紫茎泽兰的燃烧火行为特征(包括点燃时间、辐射热、火焰高度和蔓延时间等)。结果表明:(1)垂直燃烧的平均点燃时间、蔓延时间和火焰最大高度都大于水平燃烧(31、1 s;3.50、1.67 min;300、120 cm)。(2)水平燃烧的平均火焰最高温度大于垂直燃烧(761、611℃);(3)水平燃烧和垂直燃烧的平均热辐射没有明显差异。紫茎泽兰水平燃烧和垂直燃烧时的温度高,释放能量大,热辐射强,是地表火垂直转换为树冠火的重要介质,也是地表火水平快速蔓延的通道。紫茎泽兰垂直燃烧的火灾危险性较大,且燃烧后具有较大发生复燃的可能性。应在防火期来临前对紫茎泽兰进行清除,以减少森林火灾发生的频率和强度。     

Potential CO2 emissions mitigation through forest prescribed burning: A case study in Patagonia, Argentina

Wildland fire is a natural force that has shaped most vegetation types of the world. However, its inappropriate management during the last century has led to more frequent and catastrophic fires. Wildland fires are also recognized as one of the sources of CO₂ and other greenhouse gases (GHG) that influence global climate change. As one of the techniques used to reduce the risk of destructive wildfires, prescribed burning has the potential of mitigating carbon emissions, and effectively contributes to the efforts proposed as part of the Clean Development Mechanism within the Kyoto protocol. In order to apply this concept to a real case, a simulation study was conducted in pine afforestation in the Andean region of Patagonia, Argentina, with the objective of evaluating the potential of prescribed burning for reducing GHG emissions. The scenario was established for a ten year period, in which simulated prescribed burning was compared to the traditional management scheme, which included the probability of annual average of wildfire occurrence based on available wildfire statistics. The two contrasting scenarios were: (1) managed afforestation, affected by the annual average rate of wildfires occurred in the same type of afforestation in the region, without prescribed burning, and (2) same as (1) but with the application of simulated prescribed burning. In order to estimate carbon stocks, and CO₂ removals and emissions, we followed the guidelines given for GHG inventories on the Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) sector of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), while the terminology used was the established by IPCC (2003). Data of afforested area, thinnings, and biomass growth were taken from previous surveys in the study area. Downed dead wood and litter (forest fuel load, FFL) was estimated adjusting equations fitted to those fuels, based on field data. Results show that comparing the two scenarios, prescribed burning reduced CO₂ emissions by 44% compared to the situation without prescribed burning. The prescribed burning scenario represented about 12% of the total emissions (prescribed burning plus wildfires). Furthermore, avoided wildfires by simulated prescribed burning allowed an additional 78% GHG emissions mitigation due to extra biomass growth. Simulated prescribed burning in commercial afforestation of Patagonia appears to be an effective management practice not only to prevent wildfires, but also an efficient tool to mitigate GHG emissions. However, more studies in different scenarios would be needed to generalize these benefits to other ecosystems.     

Implications of fires on carbon budgets in Andean cloud montane forest: The importance of peat soils and tree resprouting

Fire in tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) is not as rare as once believed. Andean TMCFs sit immediately below highly flammable, high-altitude grasslands (Puna/Páramo) that suffer from recurrent anthropogenic fire. This treeline is a zone of climatic tension where substantial future warming is likely to force upward tree migrations, while increased fire presence and fire impacts are likely to force it downwards. TMCFs contain large carbon stocks in their peat soils and their loss through fire is a currently unaccounted for regional source of CO₂. This study, conducted in the southern Peruvian Andes (>2800 m), documents differences in live tree biomass, fine root biomass, fallen and standing dead wood, and soil organic carbon in 4 paired-sample plots (burned versus control) following the severe ground fires that occurred during the 2005 Andean drought. Peat soils contributed the most to biomass burning emissions, with lower values corresponding to an 89% mean stock difference compared to the controls (mean ± SE) (54.1 ± 22.3 vs. 5.8 ± 5.3 MgC ha⁻¹). Contrastingly, carbon stocks from live standing trees differed by a non-significant 37% lower value in the burned plots compared to the controls, largely compensated by vigorous resprouting (45.5 ± 17.4 vs. 69.2 ± 13.4 MgC ha⁻¹). Both standing dead trees and fallen dead wood were significantly higher in the burned plots with a three-fold difference from the controls: dead Trees 45.2 ± 9.4 vs. 16.4 ± 4.4 MgC ha⁻¹, and ca. a 2 fold difference for the fallen dead wood: 11.2 ± 5 vs. 6.7 ± 3.2 MgC ha⁻¹ for the burned plots versus their controls. A preliminary estimate of the regional contribution of biomass burning emissions from Andean TMCFs for the period 2000-2008, resulted in mean carbon emission rates of 1.3 TgC yr⁻¹ (max-min: 1.8-0.8 TgC yr⁻¹). This value is in the same order of magnitude than South American annual fire emissions (300 TgC yr⁻¹) suggesting the need for further research on Andean forest fires. On-going projects on the region are working on the promotion of landowner participation in TMCFs conservation through REDD+ mechanism. The heart of the proposed initiative is reforestation of degraded lands with green fire breaks enriched with economically valuable Andean plant species. The cultivation of these species may contribute to reduce deforestation pressure on the Amazonian cloud forest by providing an alternative income to local communities, at the same time that they prevent the spread of fire into Manu National Park and adjacent community-held forests, protecting forest and reducing CO₂ emissions.