汽油发动机点火系故障排除的诊断方法

研究了汽油发动机点火系故障排除方法.     

马占相思主伐后更新的研究

通过对9年生马占相思林采用不同采伐处理、不同炼山时间的成苗情况分析表明：主伐后只要炼山处理，其落地的种子发芽力强，成苗多，可 以达到更新的要求；不进行炼山处理的，种子不能发芽成苗。马占相思低伐根采伐，其萌芽力很差。     

炼山对杉木人工林生态系统影响的计量与评价

在炼山、不炼山径流场定位观测基础上，根据炼山对杉木人工林生态系统的影响程度，首次采用定量方法对不同林地清理方式杉木林的生产效益、涵养水源效益及保持水土效益进行研究的结果表明：不炼山杉木人工体综合效益比炼山杉木人工林高１３６５．７６元／ｈｍ２，炼山清理迹地弊大于利。     

G系列两级燃烧气体燃烧机程控器的研究

阐述一种自行研制并已小批量生产的以89C51微处理器为控制核心的G系列两级燃烧气体燃烧机程控器．在对该系列气体燃烧机控制系统进行深入分析的基础上,提出采用电子式程控器来取代机电式程控器．给出电子式程控器的硬件结构图、主要输入输出接口电路图及控制软件的主程序流程图．针对可能出现的干扰提出相应的抗干扰措施．结果表明,用电子式程控器来取代机电式程控器不仅在技术上可行,而且能大幅度降低生产成本,有利于提高气体燃烧机的市场竞争力．     

皆伐炼山对华西雨屏区杉木人工林碳库的影响

人工林生态系统的C储量是陆地生态系统碳库之一,皆伐炼山所造成的环境负效应值得深思.本文以华西雨屏区28 a生杉木人工林为研究对象,旨在阐明皆伐和炼山对杉木人工林生态系统C库的影响.结果如下：（1）皆伐所造成的干材C转移量为85.9（±7.6）t·hm-2、（2）炼山所造成的采伐剩余物、林下层植物和凋落物C量损失分别为8.8（±0.3）t·hm-2、0.19（±0.02）t·hm-2和2.80（±0.08）t·hm-2、（3）炼山能显著降低0 ～60 cm层的土壤有机碳含量,其C损失量为39.5（±1.0）t·hm-2.炼山造成的采伐剩余物、林下层植物、凋落物和土壤有机质燃烧所释放CO2量为188.1 t·hm-2.在全球气候变化情景下,人工林皆伐炼山所造成的环境负效应不容忽视.     

计划烧除对西双版纳保护区思茅松林的影响

对西双版纳自然保护区内思茅松林进行计划烧除的影响情况监测。分析认为,计划烧除对思茅松林的乔木层树种不会产生明显影响,影响较大的是灌木层和草本层植物。在计划烧除过程中,灌木层和草本层植物大部分被烧死,但草本植物在烧除后3个月内已大部分重新萌发,1a后基本达到了烧除前的水平,6个月后灌木树种已基本从死亡植株的基部重新萌发出新的植株。计划烧除对思茅松林不会造成长期的影响,同时由于烧除后郁闭度减小,有利于林下植物的生长和外部植物的进入,可适当增加物种多样性,但丛生的植株对植物的生长有一定的影响。     

寅街镇森林火灾预防措施及野外火源管理对策

在“被动扑救森林火灾”向“以预防为主”的森林火灾预防机制转变过程中,通过对寅街镇20年来森林火灾发生规律、起火原因、地域和时间分布进行分析,指出93％属人为野外用火引起,森林火灾造成的经济损失主要为非生产性用火中故意纵火、外区烧入、上坟等造成的,野外火源是导致寅街镇森林火灾的主要原因。提出落实责任,加强宣传,完善巡查力度,实施计划烧除,抓好森林火灾保险,严格火源管理等寅街镇森林火灾预防对策及加强野外火源管理的_几点建议。     

Initial Responses to Fertilizing Eucalyptus grandis at Planting are Sustained until Harvesting

The results of six fertilizer experiments with Eucalyptus grandis are discussed and the development of various tree parameters with age are studied. It is shown that in the initial years of growth mean height and breast height diameter are increased as a result of fertilizing at the time of planting, but the absolute differences between fertilized and unfertilized trees remain more or less constant with increasing age. Fertilizing increases total basal area also, and consequently timber yield, but this increase becomes greater up to at least nine years of age or final felling. These increases in timber yield economically justify fertilizing at planting. Brief recommendations are given of how best to conduct field experiments designed to study fertilizer application.     

How many common reptile species are fire specialists? A replicated natural experiment highlights the predictive weakness of a fire succession model

Species with strong preferences for early or late successional stages after fire may be extinction prone under current fire regimes. However, the extent of specialisation to time since fire is poorly understood, and, for reptiles, succession models for predicting responses are in the development phase. In this study we tested predictions of a reptile succession model, and identified species that may be fire specialists. Reptiles were sampled in five burnt and unburnt mallee Eucalyptus woodlands, Australia. Two, 400 m transects within each burn treatment were sampled using 11 pairs of pitfall-traps that were opened for five weeks over two summers. A habitat accommodation model of succession that was previously developed for mallee reptiles correctly predicted the observed responses of three of 16 common reptile species. A further four species showed non-significant trends in the predicted direction. However, eight other species showed unexpected responses. One species showed a strong interaction between burn age and location, requiring a two-dimensional successional model in contrast with the usual linear models explaining reptile responses to fire. One third of common species were not affected by fire and so may not have increased risks of extinction due to the fire suppression/incineration cycle. However, approximately half to two-thirds of common reptiles did have a fire response, so the risk of deterministic extinction in small fragments may be substantial. Further model development is needed to better predict fire responses and to assist the design of fire mosaics that can accommodate early and late successional fire specialists.     

Prescribed Summer Fire and Seeding Applied to Restore Juniper-Encroached and Exotic Annual Grass-Invaded Sagebrush Steppe

Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) encroachment and exotic annual grass (medusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae L. Nevski] and cheatgrass [Bromus tectorum L.]) invasion of sagebrush (Artemisia L.) communities decrease ecosystem services and degrade ecosystem function. Traditionally, these compositional changes were largely confined to separate areas, but more sagebrush communities are now simultaneously being altered by juniper and exotic annual grasses. Few efforts have evaluated attempts to restore these sagebrush communities. The Crooked River National Grassland initiated a project to restore juniper-encroached and annual grass-invaded sagebrush steppe using summer (mid-July) applied prescribed fires and postfire seeding. Treatments were unburned, burned, burned and seeded with a native seed mix, and burned and seeded with an introduced seed mix. Prescribed burning removed all juniper and initially reduced medusahead cover but did not influence cheatgrass cover. Neither the native nor introduced seed mix were successful at increasing large bunchgrass cover, and 6 yr post fire, medusahead cover was greater in burned treatments compared with the unburned treatment. Large bunchgrass cover and biological soil crusts were less in treatments that included burning. Exotic forbs and bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa L.), an exotic grass, were greater in burned treatments compared with the unburned treatment. Sagebrush communities that are both juniper encroached and exotic annual grass invaded will need specific management of both juniper and annual grasses. We suggest that additional treatments, such as pre-emergent herbicide control of annuals and possibly multiple seeding events, are necessary to restore these communities. We recommend an adaptive management approach in which additional treatments are applied on the basis of monitoring data.