水牛梭形住肉孢子虫抗原的薄层等电聚焦行为分析

应用薄层聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳（ＩＦＥ）对水牛梭形住肉孢子虫（Ｓａｒｃｏｃｙｓｔｉｓｆｕｓｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）抗原进行了分析。结果表明，经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－１００纯化的包囊抗原在电泳图谱上显示３条相距较近的带，等电点分别为６．３０，６．４５，６．６５；缓殖子纯化抗原仅出现１条带，等电点为６．４０     

激活方法对水牛卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响

系统探讨了几种激活方法对水牛卵母细胞孤雌发育的影响。体外成熟 (IVM) 2 6 h的水牛卵母细胞经 7%乙醇(EH)、钙离子载体 (A2 3187)或离子霉素 (Ion)激活处理 5 min后 ,在 2 m mol/ L 6 -甲二氨基嘌呤 (6 - DMAP)中培养 3～4 h,然后再继续培养 6～ 11d,观察其胚胎发育情况。结果发现 ,5μmol/ L Ion激活处理的水牛卵母细胞分裂率显著高于 EH处理的卵母细胞 (6 3.0 % vs5 4 .2 % ,P<0 .0 5 ) ,其原核形成率也显著高于 EH处理的卵母细胞。激活处理前 ,无Ca2 培养液孵育时间的长短 ,对水牛卵母细胞孤雌发育无显著影响 (P>0 .0 5 )。如用 A2 3187激活处理水牛卵母细胞 ,其激活分裂率则随着浓度的升高而提高。从而表明 ,5 μmol/ L Ion可有效激活水牛卵母细胞     

德宏水牛及其不同杂交品种肉质特性研究

选择德宏水牛及其不同杂交品种共15头,即尼本水牛(尼里水牛×德宏水牛)、摩本水牛(摩拉水牛×德宏水牛)的F1代和德宏水牛各5头,进行了肉质化学和物理特性研究。结果显示,尼本水牛(57.73%)和摩本水牛(53.63%)的熟肉率有显著差异(P<0.05);尼本水牛(0.93%)比摩本水牛(1.03%)的粗灰分高10.75%(P=0.04);而其它化学成分和物理特性都没有显著差异。此项试验说明,通过尼里水牛或摩拉水牛与德宏水牛的杂交并没有显著改变德宏水牛肉质的化学和物理特性。     

中国水牛垂体组织结构的研究

本研究通过纵、横和水平切片,对50头成年中国水牛(Bubalus bubalis)垂体进行了组织结构观察。染色方法有四种:H-E;PAS(Periodic Acid Schiff);桔黄G和PAS-桔黄G染色法。 远侧部发达,可明显地分为三个区:PAS阳性的嗜碱性细胞较集中于多血管的喙侧部,形成嗜碱性细胞区;染上桔黄G的嗜酸性细胞在尾侧部形成嗜酸性细胞区;两者之间为嗜碱性细胞和嗜酸性细胞混合区。细胞排列成团索状和滤泡状,毛细血管和血窦丰富。结节部完全包绕漏斗茎,血管非常丰富;细胞包括胞核深染胞质较少的未分化细胞、嫌色细胞及少量PAS阳性嗜碱性细胞,它们排成小管状或滤泡状;未见有嗜酸性细胞。中间部较发达,大部或全部包绕着神经部,其组织结构呈分叶状,细胞有嗜碱性细胞和嫌色细胞两种,排列成团索状和滤泡状,但小叶的周边有一层排列整齐的嗜碱性柱状细胞;未发现Wulzeu氏圆锥。神经部较小,正中隆起主要在前侧加厚。强PAS阳性的胶体见于成年中国水牛腺垂体各部及神经垂体。 本文还对中国水牛垂体各部分的形态结构、细胞分布和胶体出现情况等方面与牛及其他动物进行了比较。     

猪卵泡形成中后期卵母细胞发育和闭锁变化的超微结构研究

本文采用了电镜观察猪卵泡形成中后期卵母细胞(OC)的超微结构,其结果有两种变化:一是进行性变化,其核在排出第一极体以前,都处于生发泡阶段。细胞质内含大量脂滴(Li),线粒体(Mi)和内质网(ER)囊泡集群分布于近皮质区;随OC 的增大,皮质颗粒(CGs)的直径、分布密度都增加,但膜距减少。微绒毛(MV)数量、直径和长度逐渐变少、变粗、变短,极少见到高尔基复合体(Go)。颗粒细胞(GC)逐渐老化。二是闭锁变化,其核膜皱折,染色质浓缩,Mi 互相融合并出现空泡。ER 囊扩大融合,Li 减少,核蛋白体和糖元颗粒不清,卵膜皱缩,与透明带间出现大的裂隙。GC 质中出现空泡,核膜破裂。GC 数量减少,严重的完全消失。统计分析表明,卵泡直径5mm 时其闭锁率最高。     

山羊卵巢腔前卵泡卵母细胞的采集

山羊卵巢腔前卵泡卵母细胞的采集＊芮荣张涌李裕强（西北农业大学发育生物学研究室，陕西杨陵７１２１００）ＣｏｌｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｅａｎｔｒａｌＦｏｌｉｃｕｌａｒＯｏｃｙｔｅｓｆｒｏｍＧｏａｔＯｖａｒｉｅｓＲｕｉＲｏｎｇＺｈａｎｇＹｏｎｇＬｉＹｕｑｉａｎ...     

牛小腔前卵泡体外生长发育的研究

 在添加有ITS、丙酮酸钠、次黄嘌呤、血清、FSH、LH、E2的α-MEM基础液中加入表皮生长因子（EGF）和碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)及氢化可的松（HC），对直径＜100 ?m（平均直径61～70?m）的牛小腔前卵泡进行体外培养。结果表明，试验I，在FSH、LH、E2浓度分别为0.25 ?g·ml-1、5 iu·ml-1、0.5 ?g·ml-1时，卵泡体外培养7 d， EGF和bFGF联合存在好于分别单独存在时的培养效果，当bFGF（25 ng或50 ng）剂量保持不变，提高EGF含量（25 ng,50 ng）有抑制卵泡发育的作用；增加bFGF的剂量有助于腔前卵泡的发育。 试验II，当FSH、LH、E2分别调整到4 ?g·ml-1、10 iu·ml-1、0.1 ?g·ml-1，并添加了氢化可的松（40 ng·ml-1），卵泡体外培养13 d，在试验3组（EGF 25ng）和试验4组（EGF 25 ng+ bFGF 50 ng），卵泡发育率和卵泡平均增长直径均显著好于试验1组（未添加EGF、bFGF、氢化可的松）和试验2组（只添加氢化可的松）。体外培养第20 d，试验3组和试验4组卵泡发育率分别为15.79 %和25.58 %，卵泡最大增长直径分别为300和320 ?m，并形成小的卵泡腔（成腔率分别为7.69 %和17.65 %），而试验1组和试验2组其卵泡发育率均为0。表明体外培养腔前卵泡时，不同的培养体系对其生长发育有十分重要的影响，各种成分之间存在互作的关系。     

泌乳前期水牛能量代谢及其需要量初探

本试验旨在通过析因法获得泌乳前期水牛能量需要量.选用30头体况良好、上一泌乳期泌乳量相近、产犊胎次(2、3胎)接近、健康的泌乳前期水牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,采用等粗蛋白质(13.3%)、3种能量水平的精饲料,产乳净能分别为6.0、6.6和7.2 MJ/kg.预试期15 d,正试期30 d.于正试期第24、28天分...     

江西地方品种水牛产肉性能及肉品质分析研究

对18～24月龄鄱阳湖、峡江和信丰山地3个江西地方品种水牛各3头,进行肉用性能和牛肉主要营养养分的测定分析。结果表明,水牛肌肉肉色符合标准,且无PSE肉、DFD肉产生,符合优质肉牛标准;鄱阳湖水牛的胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率、Fe含量、Zn含量较高,显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;鄱阳湖水牛18种氨基酸含量除酪氨酸外均高于其它2个地方品种,其中天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸及胱氨酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）,鲜味氨基酸、甜鲜味氨基酸含量显著高于信丰山地水牛（P<0.05）;牛肉脂肪酸中花生酸含量在品种间存在显著差异（P<0.05）,而其它各种脂肪酸含量、硬脂肪酸总含量和不饱和脂肪总含量在品种间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。     

Manipulation of rumen fermentation and ecology of swamp buffalo by coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation on digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation, rumen ecology, rumen microorganism and methanogen diversity. Four, 3-year old, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments; 7% coconut oil, 7% coconut oil with 50 g/day of garlic powder, 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder and non-supplemented (control). During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% of BW while rice straw was given on ad libitum basis. It was found that supplementation of 7% coconut oil had significantly influenced on total DM intake, OM, NDF and ADF digestibilites while supplementation of 7% coconut oil with garlic powder (50 and 100 g/day) were not significantly different when compared with the control. Dietary supplementations did not affect on rumen pH, NH₃–N concentrations. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher in supplemented groups. Total VFA concentration, proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio were reduced by supplementation. Proportion of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) when supplemented with 7% coconut oil and 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder. Methane production was dramatically reduced (P = 0.005) in supplemented treatments and was 10% reduced in 7% coconut oil supplementation. Amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria were increased (P = 0.007 and P = 0.024) while protozoal population decreased by 68–75% (P < 0.01) by supplementation. Total bacterial population was increased by supplementation while total fungi and total methanogens were not significantly different among treatments. Percentage of cellulolytic bacterial population was not different among treatments. However, dietary supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) percentage of F. succinogenes population. However, methanogen diversity was not changed using PCR–DGGE as technique. Thirteen separate bands were found in the DGGE gel. Based on this study, supplementation with 7% coconut oil plus 100 g/day of garlic powder could be efficiently utilized in the rumen and thus, could provide good fermentation end products and improve rumen ecology for the host swamp buffaloes particularly in reducing 9% methane gas production without changing nutrient digestibilities.