玉米胚芽粕对鹅营养价值的评定

为了探索玉米胚芽粕对鹅的营养价值和不同方法、不同鹅品种对其真代谢能、常规养分利用率的差异,分别选取150日龄健康五龙鹅和青农灰鹅公鹅各24只,各设4个处理组,每个处理组6只,试验鹅单笼饲养,每天强饲120 g,采用全收粪法进行测定.结果表明,五龙鹅、青农灰鹅种内4个处理组之间真代谢能(THE)、粗蛋白(CP)、粗脂肪(EE),A基酸(AA),中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗纤维(CF),it,(Ca),磷 (P)利用率差异均不显著(P>0.05).两品种之间,第2,4处理组青农灰鹅THE、CP真利用率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于五龙鹅;第3,4处理组青农灰鹅EE利用率显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于五龙鹅.第1,3或4处理组五龙鹅NDF,CF利用率显著(P<0.05)高于青农灰鹅相应各处理组.由此可知,鹅对玉米胚芽粕的养分有较高的利用率;同品种不同处理下鹅对玉米胚芽粕的THE,常规养分利用率差异均不显著;不同品种鹅对玉米胚芽粕的养分利用率存在一定差异.     

家禽脂类代谢调控机理的研究进展

利用营养和分子生物学手段来调控家禽脂类代谢 ,有赖于对其机理的深入了解。本文详细讨论了脂蛋白转运体系在家禽脂类代谢中的作用。通过营养因素和激素水平调控脂蛋白的合成、组装、转运和降解可影响机体脂肪沉积及蛋黄的形成。低密度脂蛋白LDL -受体基因家族在家禽脂蛋白代谢的调控过程中发挥着至关重要的作用     

基于植物能量功能群的草原植物光合作用研究

植物能量功能群是依植物能量属性进行的植物功能类群划分,植物通过光合作用将光能转变成化学能,蓄积在植物体内,为了探究不同的能量功能群是否会表现出光合作用特征的差异,用LI-6400型便携式全自动光合测定仪,在内蒙古锡林郭勒典型草原区,于7月底至8月初的植物生长旺盛期,测量了羊草(Leymus chinensis)、糙隐子...     

湖南省可再生能源开发现状及对策

描述了湖南省可再生能源开发现状,论述了可再生能源开发在湖南省经济可持续发展战略中的地位及作用,分析了影响开发速度的主要问题和障碍,并提出了加快开发可再生能源的政策、措施和建议。     

中国农村可再生能源技术应用对温室气体减排贡献的研究

该文以国内外温室气体减排和能源领域的相关研究为基础,根据中国农村可再生能源技术特点,研究提出了适于农村可再生能源特点的燃料燃烧温室气体排放系数和粪便管理CH₄排放系数,以及CO₂和CH₄减排量的计算公式,并分析了农村可再生能源技术对减排温室气体的贡献。     

环模制粒挤压过程力学建模及影响因素分析

该文旨在通过研究环模制粒机挤压过程受力状况为其节能降耗及优化设计提供一定的参考。根据环模制粒机制粒成形过程与机理的分析和对环模系统受力状况的研究,建立了环模扭矩力学模型,推导出最大物料挤压高度及最大环模扭矩的计算公式;以力学模型为基础,分析了泊松比、摩擦系数等物料特性及环模、压辊系统的结构参数对环模扭矩的影响规律。研究结果表明,物料特性对制粒能耗影响很大;在一定范围内减小模孔长径比、减小压辊直径有利于降低能耗;而采用大尺寸的环模与压辊不仅可以提高产量,同时还可以降低能耗。该研究对于降低环模制粒机的能耗具有重要意义,并可为相关的试验提供理论依据。     

Oral chromium picolinate and control of glycemia in insulin-treated diabetic dogs

Chromium is an essential dietary trace mineral involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. Chromium is required for cellular uptake of glucose, and chromium deficiency causes insulin resistance. Chromium supplementation may improve insulin sensitivity and has been used as adjunct treatment of diabetes mellitus in humans. In this study, 13 dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus were treated with insulin for 3 months, then with insulin and chromium picolinate for 3 months. Dogs weighing <15 kg (33 lb: n = 9) were administered 200 microg of chromium picolinate PO once daily for I month, then 200 microg of chromium picolinate twice daily for 2 months. Dogs weighing >15 kg (n = 4) received 200 microg of chromium picolinate once daily for 2 weeks, then 200 microg twice daily for 2 weeks, then 400 microg twice daily for 2 months. Type of insulin, frequency of insulin administration, and diet were kept constant, and insulin dosage was adjusted, as needed, to maintain optimal control of glycemia. Mean body weight, daily insulin dosage, daily caloric intake, 10-hour mean blood glucose concentration, blood glycated hemoglobin concentration, and serum fructosamine concentration were not markedly different when dogs were treated with insulin and chromium picolinate, compared with insulin alone. Adverse effects were not identified with chromium picolinate administration. Results of this study suggest that, at a dosage range of 20-60 microg/kg/d, chromium picolinate caused no beneficial or harmful effects in insulin-treated diabetic dogs.     

Expression of receptor tyrosine kinases VEGFR-1 (FLT-1), VEGFR-2 (KDR), EGFR-1, PDGFRa and c-Met in canine primary brain tumours

Inhibition of tumour growth and angiogenesis by targeting key growth factor receptors is a promising therapeutic strategy for central nervous system tumours. Characterization of these growth factor receptors in canine primary brain tumours has not been done. Using quantitative real‐time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we evaluated the expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for five tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor [VEGFR]‐1, VEGFR‐2, endothelial growth factor receptor [EGFR]‐1, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor a [PDGFRa], and c‐Met) relative to normal cerebral cortex in 66 spontaneous canine primary brain tumours. Increased expression of VEGFR‐1 and VEGFR‐2 mRNA was greatest in grade IV astrocytomas (glioblastoma multiforme) and grade III (anaplastic) oligodendrogliomas. EGFR‐1 mRNA expression was more consistently increased than the other receptors in all tumour types, while increased PDGFRa mRNA expression was mostly restricted to oligodendrogliomas. The similarities in increased expression of these tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors in these canine tumours, as compared to data from their human counterparts, suggest that common molecular mechanisms may be present.     

Mn、Cu、Fe对糜子萌发特性的影响

[目的]探讨不同浓度Mn、Cu、Fe溶液对糜子(Panicum miliaceum L.)萌发特性的影响,以期为其实际生产应用提供理论依据。[方法]以蒸馏水为对照,设置不同浓度Mn(50、100、200、400、800 mg/L)、Cu(10、30、90、270、360 mg/L)、Fe(10、30、90、270、360 mg/L)溶液,研究3种微量元素对糜子萌发的影响。[结果]中等浓度Mn、Cu、Fe溶液对糜子发芽势起促进作用,其中Cu的促进作用最明显。低浓度Mn、Cu、Fe溶液对糜子发芽率无影响,而高浓度则起抑制作用。低浓度Mn、Cu、Fe溶液对糜子根长、侧根数以及侧根总长度起促进作用,尤其Fe溶液促进作用最明显,而高浓度溶液则起明显抑制作用。不同浓度Mn、Cu、Fe均对糜子胚轴起抑制作用。[结论]Mn浓度在50~100 mg/L、Cu浓度在10~30 mg/L、Fe浓度在10~30 mg/L时可提高糜子发芽势,不影响发芽率,并促进幼苗健壮。     

高、低糖甘蔗品种苗期糖分含量及代谢相关酶活性分析

以高糖(GT35)和低糖(B8)甘蔗品种苗期不同部位的叶和茎为材料,采用HPLC技术测定蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量,分析2个甘蔗品种叶和茎中蔗糖代谢相关酶活性与糖分含量的相关性和差异性。结果表明:2个甘蔗品种苗期叶中蔗糖含量与SPS和SS-s酶活性呈显著正相关,茎中己糖含量与NI酶活性呈显著正相关,茎中蔗糖含量与SPS酶活性呈显著正相关,而与SS-c、SAI和CIN酶活性呈显著负相关。GT35茎中蔗糖含量显著高于B8,叶中蔗糖含量显著低于B8。GT35茎中SPS和叶中SS-s酶活性均显著高于B8,茎中SS-s和SS-c酶活性低于B8,其中只有幼茎中SS-c酶活性与B8差异不显著。说明苗期叶中高SS-s酶活性,茎中高SPS酶活性,低SS-s和SS-c酶活性,可能是调节高糖甘蔗品种苗期茎中蔗糖积累的重要因素。