棉纤维综合品质指数模型构建

【目的】用棉纤维品质指标拟合能同时表达棉纤维综合品质和纺纱质量棉纤维综合指数模型。【方法】通过不同品质棉纤维的纺纱试验，采用主成分分析等方法，对不同品质原棉纺纱试验结果和棉纤维品质指标进行分析。【结果】⑴ 在成纱质量多个指标中，单纱强力是主要指标。⑵ 原棉纤维品质是决定单纱强力的主要因素。在不同纺纱工艺下，虽然同一原棉单纱强力不同，但不同原棉单纱强力分布趋势不受纺纱工艺影响，即如果棉纤维综合品质高，则在任何工艺条件下，其单纱强力高。⑶ 纤维长度、纤维强度、整齐度和麦克隆值是棉花纤维综合品质关键指标。基于上述研究结果建立棉纤维综合品质指数（IFQI）模型。经过分析，反映纺纱均匀性指数、单纱强力、成纱综合品质可选择模型 。IFQI模型机理性强、自变量少、形式简单直观，且与单纱强力、纺纱均匀指数呈极显著正相关。并建立SCI与IFQI间关系模型：SCI=0.3684×IFQI+35.588。【结论】IFQI模型可作为农业部棉纤维检验和纺织工业棉纤维检验部门共同参考指数，不仅解决两部门棉纤维重复检验问题，而且能大大减少棉纤维检验工作量。     

土壤—草本植被根系复合体抗水蚀能力的土壤力学模型

提出用渗水模数、径流模数和泥沙模数这3个指标来衡量土壤-草本植被根系复合体的抗水蚀能力。通过人工模拟降雨试验，分别建立了渗水模数、径流模数和泥沙模数与地面坡度、降雨强度、复合体渗透系数或抗水蚀强度之间的相关方程式，即土壤-草本植被根系复合体抗水蚀能力的土壤力学模型。     

Body weight of young broilers fed with declining calcium and phosphorus contents during the starter period is irresponsive to changes in the skeleton

To evaluate the effect of reduced calcium (Ca) and available P (aP) levels in starter diets on growth performance and tibia, sternum and serum characteristics, and to assay the association between Ca and P (aP) intakes and these variables, 600 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used in a 21-days trial. Broilers were randomly allotted to five treatments with five replicate pens. Chicks were fed on one of the five starter diets that were formulated with a 10% reduction in the Ca and aP contents, starting from the control diet and hence, named as C (0.96% Ca, 0.45% aP), L1 (0.85% Ca and 0.42% aP), L2 (0.77% Ca and 0.38% aP), L3 (0.68% Ca and 0.34% aP) and L4 (0.61% Ca and 0.31% aP). Declining dietary Ca and aP levels did not affect body weight and levels of Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase in serum, but reduced linearly feed intake, the feed conversion ratio and the bone weight and ash content. The Ca and aP intakes and Ca:aP ratio displayed a positive correlation with both tibia and sternum weights, and the mass of the bones were equally sensitive to dietary Ca and aP levels. In conclusion, the body weight of young broilers was irresponsive to changes in the skeleton when exposed to early dietary Ca and aP restrictions (up to 0.61% Ca and 0.31% aP) and the mechanostat had limits due to the association between Ca and aP intakes, and bone properties.     

Fibrous osteodystrophy in a dromedary camel

A 6-y-old female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius L.) was presented for assessment of firm, bilateral swellings rostral and ventral to the eyes. Serum biochemistry revealed hyperglycemia (28.5 mmol/L), hypocalcemia (1.27 mmol/L), hyperphosphatemia (3.39 mmol/L), hypoproteinemia (total protein 50 g/L), and hypoalbuminemia (20 g/L). Based on the poor prognosis associated with the presumptive diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy, the camel was euthanized. Gross postmortem findings revealed expanded fibrous tissue replacing the maxilla and mandible, and bilaterally prominent parathyroid glands. Histology of the maxilla revealed proliferative loose fibrous tissue with widely scattered, regularly spaced, small spicules of mineralized bone. The parathyroid glands were prominent bilaterally; the internal and external parathyroid glands were composed of plump cells with abundant pale basophilic cytoplasm and open nuclei. The pathologic findings were consistent with the antemortem diagnosis of fibrous osteodystrophy. The camel’s diet, which was not specifically balanced for a camel, included grass hay, sweet feed, and alfalfa pellets. The camel’s caregivers reported feeding her treats of cookies. A feed analysis was not available. The biochemistry abnormalities and clinical and postmortem findings, along with a diet that was not balanced for a camel, are consistent with a diagnosis of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism.     

广西巴马小型猪BMP2基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达分析

本研究旨在对广西巴马小型猪骨形态发生蛋白2（bone morphogenetic proteins 2,BMP2）基因进行克隆及其结构和功能的预测,并检测其在广西巴马小型猪和长白猪中的表达差异。以广西巴马小型猪基因组DNA为模板,通过测序鉴定BMP2基因外显子区的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）,利用多种生物信息学软件对广西巴马小型猪BMP2基因启动子区、编码区（CDS）、3'UTR区进行了分析,预测分析广西巴马小型猪BMP2基因编码蛋白的基本理化性质、磷酸化位点、O-糖基化位点、跨膜区域、亲疏水性、蛋白质修饰结构、二级结构和三级结构等,并对miRNA结合位点及其相关通路进行分析,绘制了广西巴马小型猪和长白猪的组织表达谱。结果显示,试验成功克隆了广西巴马小型猪BMP2基因CDS区,总共1 188 bp,编码395个氨基酸;与猪参考基因组相比,广西巴马小型猪BMP2基因在G1663A、G1897C发生了同义突变,在C1896T（Pro→Leu）、T1971C（Gly→Ser）、G2000A（Leu→Ser）发生了3处错义突变;在3'UTR区域存在miR-142-5p、miR-129-5p等共13个miRNA结合区域;相似性比对结果显示,广西巴马小型猪与野猪、黄牛、水牛、山羊、绵羊、马、澳洲野犬、家犬、猕猴对应区段的相似性依次为99.92%、91.75%、91.84%、91.92%、91.92%、90.50%、89.43%、90.91%和90.91%;系统进化树结果表明,广西巴马小型猪与野猪的亲缘关系最近,与黄牛的亲缘关系相对较近,与猕猴亲缘关系较远;BMP2蛋白分子质量为44.55 ku,理论等电点为8.37,预测其有12个O-糖基化位点,42个磷酸化位点;预测分析发现该蛋白为亲水性蛋白,且是膜外蛋白。组织表达谱发现,广西巴马小型猪生长板软骨中BMP2基因表达量显著低于长白猪（P<0.05）。该研究为进一步探索广西巴马小型猪中BMP2基因的功能提供了理论基础,也为广西巴马小型猪品种资源的利用提供了重要参考。     

SL4105Z型柴油机曲轴有限元分析及优化设计

对SL4105Z增压柴油机的曲轴进行了精确的三维建模,并对曲轴进行了不同工况下的有限元分析计算,校核了曲轴的疲劳强度;在此基础上提出曲轴的改进方案,利用试验优化技术对不同的方案进行处理,分析了各结构因素对疲劳强度的影响程度,得到了曲轴的最佳设计方案,并为以后的曲轴设计提供了参考。     

胶结砂砾石坝应力与稳定有限元分

针对CSG坝成层的结构特点，对CSG坝有限元分析的力学模型及本构关系进行了分析探讨，提出了连续等效模型模拟层状CSG结构；应用强度储备系数法和APDL技术，对静力状态下的CSG坝的应力稳定进行分析。分析结果认为，大坝满足一定的应力稳定要求。     

Soil-cement tiles for lining irrigation canals

Laboratory flume test was conducted to investigate the effect of flowing water an soil-cement canal tiles. For this purpose, soil-cement tiles were constructed from different soils at various cement contents. A flume, 3 metre long and 100 mm wide, was lined with the tiles and the lined bed was subjected to flow velocities of around 2 m/s for a period of 7 days. The tiles made from coarse-textured soil (sandy loam and silt loam) aggregates of 5 mm and from fine textured soil (clay loam) aggregates of 2 mm size were found to be intact and smooth even when constructed at a cement contents lower than that needed to meet the durability requirements.Attempts were also made to measure seepage losses of soil-cement tile linings. A channel section of approximately 1 metre length with a side slope of 1:1 was constructed in the laboratory with the tiles and seepage losses measured by the ponding method were found to be in the range of 0.00123–0.00343 m³/m²/day.The results clearly suggest that soil-cement tiles (irrespective of type of soil) made with 2 mm or less size of soil aggregates are erosion resistant and due to very little or negligible rates of seepage losses, the soil-cement tile lining of irrigation canals is expected to be very promising especially in the areas where irrigation water is costly.