粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡的影响

就粗酶制剂在大麦日粮中对产蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响进行了两次试验。按０．１％比例的酶制剂添加于含大麦２８．５％和５０％的日粮中，分别饲喂３３０和２４２日龄的产蛋鸡。结果添加酶制剂对鸡产蛋率无明显提高，而对每个蛋重和鸡蛋质量有所改善，同时使产蛋鸡外周血液中促甲状腺激素和生长激素显著提高，而使甲状腺素显著降低。     

Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

奶牛产后气虚血瘀证与血浆SOD、MDA变化的关系

选用产后健康奶牛18例和产后气虚血瘀证奶牛9例，于产后1、2、4、7、10、15、30d采血分离血浆，黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性，硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果，血浆SOD活性组内比较产后健康组整个检测期在一定范围内波动，差显不显著(P>0.05)；气虚血瘀证组产后15、30d极显著高于产后1、2d(P<0.01)，显著高于产后4d(P<0.05)；产后7、10d显著高于产后1、2d(P<0.05)。组间比较气虚血瘀证组产后1、2、4d显著低于同时间产后健康组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。血浆MDA含量组内比较产后健康组整个检测期在一定范围内波动，差异不显著(P>0.05)；气虚血瘀证组产后1d极显著高于产后10、15、30d(P<0.01)，显著高于7d(P<0.05)；产后1、2、4、7d显著高于产后15、30d(P<0.05)。组间比较气虚血瘀证组产后1、2、4、7d极显著高于同时间产后健康组(P<0.01)。结果初步表明，SOD、MDA的变化参与了产后气虚血瘀证的发生、发展与转归过程。     

Effects of phenyllactic acid on production performance,egg quality parameters,and blood characteristics in laying hens

Organic acids have been widely used as feed additives to replace antibiotics in livestock feeds. Data on the use of phenyllactic acid (PLA) are lacking. The effects of PLA on production performance, egg quality parameters, and blood characteristics in laying hens were studied in a 35-d experiment. A total of 240 ISA Brown 36-wk-old layers were divided into the following 4 treatments: 1) control (basal diet), 2) control + 0.1% PLA, 3) control + 0.2% PLA, and 4) control + 0.3% PLA. Although supplementing the diet with PLA did not affect ADFI and FE, it linearly improved egg production rate, eggshell breaking strength, and Haugh units. Egg weight, eggshell thickness, and egg yolk color were not significantly altered by supplementing the diet with PLA. White blood cell, red blood cell, total protein, and albumin concentrations were higher in the control + 0.1% PLA and control treatment groups (P < 0.05), whereas the groups fed the control + 0.2% PLA and control + 0.3% PLA diets had greater (P < 0.05) lymphocyte concentrations. In conclusion, PLA may exert some positive effects to the immune system and egg production over the short term. It may be beneficial to supplement the diets of laying hens with PLA in the absence of antibiotics. This experiment involved a small experimental sample and a short time, so the beneficial effects of PLA should be studied further in commercial farms over the long term.     

湟源县青海半细毛羊全血铁含量测定

对湟源县 5 0只青海半细毛羊全血铁含量进行了测定。结果表明 :湟源县青海半细毛羊全血铁含量为8 46mmol/L。公母组间的全血铁含量无显著性差异 (P >0 0 5 )。     

高粗料日粮中添加脂肪对奶年血液代谢产物瘤胃发酵和干物质消化率影响的研究

对50头泌乳中期的奶牛进行为期6周的饲养试验，研究高粗料高脂肪日粮对奶牛血液代谢产物、瘤胃发酵和干物质消化率的影响。试验设有10个重复，每个重复5头奶牛，每头奶牛给定一种日粮。试验用日粮为：对照日粮（日粮1）和试验日粮（高粗料75％高脂肪7．5％，日粮2；高粗料，中等水平脂肪5．0％，日粮3；中等水平粗料65％，高水平脂肪，日粮4；中等水平粗料和脂肪，日粮5；或者对照日粮中含有50％粗料和2．0％脂肪）。这些日粮含氮量相同（CP17．7％）。粗饲料由20苜蓿干草、40％苜蓿半干青贮和40％青贮玉米组成。所用脂肪由80％瘤胃 保护脂肪和20％黄色油脂组成。试验结果表明：试验组和对照组的血糖浓度差异不显著；试验组的血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）高于对照组。而奶牛采食日粮的粗饲料和脂肪水平不同，其NEFA差异不显著；对照组、试验组与粗饲料和脂肪水平不同的日粮的瘤胃PH、瘤胃VFA浓度和干物质消化率差异不显著。     

断奶日龄对仔猪血液生理指标的影响

选取15窝日龄相近的三元杂交仔猪 ,按14、21、28、35日龄断奶和不断奶随机分为5组 (14E、21E、28E、35E和C) ,每组3窝。主要研究断奶与不同断奶日龄对仔猪血液生理指标的影响。主要结果为 :①哺乳仔猪从21日龄后血液中白细胞水平基本稳定 ,但14日龄时血液中白细胞水平显著低于正常水平 ;21日龄前断奶可显著降低血液中白细胞数量 ,1周后迅速提高 ,但14日龄断奶仔猪直至42日龄血液中白细胞计数(WBC)仍低于正常水平。②仔猪28日龄血液红细胞计数 (RBC)、红细胞中血红蛋白浓度 (HGB)、血液血球比容 (HCT)均达到高峰值 ,RBC、HGB、HCT均不受断奶及断奶日龄影响。③哺乳仔猪14～42日龄间血液平均红血球容积 (MCV)、红血球血红蛋白量 (MCH)呈线性下降的趋势 ,断奶对MCV、MCH测值无明显影响。     

子宫肌瘤患者术中快速输注3种不同晶体液对酸碱平衡影响的比较

目的 :观察生理盐水 (9g/ L )、复方醋酸钠平衡液、5 0 g/ L葡萄糖生理盐水 3种晶体液对酸碱平衡的影响。方法 :选择子宫肌瘤 36例分为 3组 ,每组 12例 ,A组输注生理盐水 (9g/ L) ,B组输注 5 0 g/ L 葡萄糖生理盐水 ,C组输注复方醋酸钠平衡液。均以 2 0 m L/ (kg·h)速度输注。各组除输上述晶体外无其他任何液体或血液输入 ;术中监测血气、电解质及乳酸浓度的动态变化。结果 :A组与 B组 p H值明显下降 ,而 Na+ 、Clˉ 、碱剩余 (BE)绝对值明显升高。C组各项指标无明显变化。结论 :快速输注生理盐水 (9g/ L)和 5 0 g/ L 葡萄糖生理盐水可产生高氯性代谢性酸中毒 ,而复方醋酸钠平衡液对酸碱平衡的影响极小。     

不同组合CoBFA对雏鸡部分血液指标的影响

选用１日龄尼克红蛋公雏８０５只，随机分成７个组，Ⅰ－Ⅶ组为试验组，在饲料中分别添加以不同剂量的Ｚn、Se、Vc、VE、BFA(生化黄腐酸）配合面民的CoBFA，第Ⅶ组为对照。分别计数红细胞数、白细胞总数、白细胞分类数，测定血红蛋白含量，比较各组血液指标变化情况，分析各因素与雏鸡血液指标相关性，遴选最适组合。结果表明，红细胞与Ｖc、BFA显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；淋巴细胞Ｖc极显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０１），与ＶＥ、ＢＦＡ显著相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；血红蛋白含量Ｚn、Ｓe呈 正相关；白细胞总数与ＢＦＡ、Ｖc、VE呈较强正相关。     

Serum amylase and isoamylase values in dogs with pancreatic disease

Serum amylase and isoamylase values were determined in three groups of dogs. The first group contained control dogs while the other groups contained dogs with confirmed exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and diabetes mellitus respectively. The trypsin-like immunoreactivity test was also carried out on sera from dogs with exocrine pancreatic disease (EPI). A significant difference was detected in the serum amylase values between the three groups which may be of limited diagnostic value. Dogs with EPI had values lower than normal while those with diabetes mellitus had values higher than control dogs. No evidence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency was found in dogs with diabetes mellitus.