墨旱莲叶水提取物止血活性初探

[目的]探讨墨旱莲叶水提取物的止血和促凝血活性,为中草药在止血方面的应用提供依据。[方法]将不同剂量的墨旱莲提取物溶液与抗凝兔血混合,测定凝血时间。[结果]墨旱莲叶提取物为0.5%的最适浓度时具有最强促凝血活性,凝血时间为16 s,凝血时间缩短率为99.6%。[结论]墨旱莲叶水提取物有显著的止血和促凝血活性,具有较高的开发利用价值。     

茶多酚、茶多糖对兔动脉血压的影响

兔静脉注10mg／mL的茶多酚和茶多糖溶液，观察对动脉血压的影响，结果表明：注射荼多酚1—3mL后收缩压6次降低（9％-20％），2次升高（13％和20％），3次无变化；舒张压2次升高（20％和140％），9次无变化；注射茶多糖1-4mL后收缩压9次降低（2％-29％），3次升高（13％-40％），5次无变化；舒张压4次降低（10％-200％），7次升高（20％-50％），6次无变化。上述浓度和剂量的茶多酚、茶多糖对兔动脉血压均无显著影响（P〉0．05—0．5）。     

REPEATABILITY OF DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHIC MEASUREMENT OF EQUINE DIGITAL BLOOD FLOW

The repeatability and sensitivity of Doppler ultrasonographic measurement of lateral digital arterial and venous blood flow has not been previously determined. Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure blood flow within the forelimb lateral digital vessels in one normal adult Thoroughbred horse on six occasions and in six normal adult Thoroughbred horses on three occasions, each occasion being at least 1 h apart, to determine the within- and between-horse variation. The values obtained from the right and left lateral digital vessels did not differ significantly. The within-horse coefficients of variation (CV) for arterial and venous measurements were all acceptable (< 11%); the between-horse CV were acceptable (< 7%) for all parameters except TaVa (average velocity of first peak of arterial waveform) and TaVb (average velocity of remainder of arterial waveform). The within-horse intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) demonstrated excellent repeatability (> or = 0.71) for all parameters except venous diameter; the between-horse ICC demonstrated good to excellent repeatability (> or = 0.67) for all parameters except TaVb. Doppler ultrasonography can detect differences of 0.005 and 0.01 ml/ min in digital arterial and venous flow, respectively, using measurements from six horses on three occasions (80% power; P < 0.05). Thus, the technique is sufficiently repeatable and sensitive to be able to detect changes in flow during different physiological or pathological states or following pharmacologic intervention.     

3种提取基因组DNA方法的比较分析

分别采用3种不同的方法提取基因组DNA，比较所提取的DNA的质量以及提取所需时间、费用，以期选择一种高效、简洁快速、价格合理的提取方法。结果发现这3种方法提取的质量都能达到相关分子生物学试验的要求，但在操作步骤、时间、价格等方面存在差异，具体比较结果可为分子生物学试验选择提取方法提供依据。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

兽用化学药品血药浓度法生物等效性试验技术指导原则简述

血药浓度法生物等效性试验是兽药生物等效性研究的重要方法。为科学规范兽用化学药品生物等效性研究,保障兽药安全、有效、质量可控,在已发布实施的《兽用化学药品生物等效性试验指导原则》基础上,农业农村部兽药评审中心参考相关最新技术指导原则,结合国内兽药研究现状,修订发布了《兽用化学药品血药浓度法生物等效性试验技术指导原则》。本文针对该指导原则的适用范围、试验设计的内容进行阐述,旨在加强研发单位或相关临床试验机构对此指导原则的理解,对生物等效性试验的有效开展提供指导与帮助。     

Agreement of caudal aortic arterial blood pressure with oscillometry using two cuff widths placed on the thoracic or pelvic limbs of sevoflurane-anesthetized rabbits

ObjectiveTo evaluate agreement with central systemic arterial pressure of an oscillometer and two cuff widths placed on the thoracic or pelvic limbs.Study designProspective experimental study.AnimalsA group of nine New Zealand White rabbits weighing 3.5 ± 0.3 kg.MethodsRabbits were sedated with dexmedetomidine and midazolam, then anesthetized with ketamine and sevoflurane. The femoral artery was surgically exposed and a 20 gauge, 5 cm catheter inserted to measure systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) blood pressure at the iliac artery and caudal aorta junction. Adjustments of vaporizer dial and dobutamine infusion provided a range of invasive blood pressure (IBP). Two measurements of IBP were recorded during the oscillometer cycling phase, and the mean value was used in analyses. Oscillometer cuffs of bladder width 2.0 cm (S1) and 2.5 cm (S2) were placed proximal to the carpus and tarsus. Cuff width to circumference ratio was calculated. Oscillometer SAP, MAP and DAP were paired with corresponding IBP values. Agreement was assessed using linear mixed models (p < 0.05).ResultsCuff ratios for both limbs were 41% (S1 cuff) and 50% (S2 cuff) and 122–139 paired observations were obtained. There was significant limb × cuff interaction with SAP and MAP. The oscillometer overestimated SAP and MAP on the pelvic limb and underestimated SAP and MAP on the thoracic limb. For SAP, the oscillometer overestimated by constant bias (–19 ± 2 mmHg) and proportional bias (0.28 ± 0.02 mmHg per 1 mmHg increase). For MAP, the oscillometer underestimated by constant bias (4 ± 2 mmHg) and was worse with S2 on the thoracic limb. Overestimation was similar between cuffs on the pelvic limb. For DAP, the oscillometer underestimated by constant bias (15 ± 2 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevanceCuff S1 on the thoracic limb provided best estimation of MAP.     

槲皮素对PEDV感染幼龄仔猪的生长性能、血液生化指标和肠道吸收与屏障功能的影响

【目的】 试验旨在探讨槲皮素在防治仔猪感染猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）中的作用。【方法】 选取18头体重相近、健康的7日龄仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为3组（对照组、PEDV组和PEDV+槲皮素组）,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,试验期共11 d。经过3 d适应期后,于试验第4~10天给PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服10 mg/kg BW的槲皮素,其他组仔猪口腔灌服等体积的人工乳,于试验第8天给PEDV组与PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪口腔灌服1×10^4.5TCID₅₀的PEDV,对照组灌服等体积的PBS溶液。试验第11天早上空腹称重,全部仔猪灌服D-木糖（0.1 g/kg BW）,1 h后经前腔静脉采血,检测血液生化指标、血浆二胺氧化酶（DAO）活性和D-木糖含量;将所有仔猪屠宰取空肠黏膜,检测肠道屏障相关基因,包括肠绒毛蛋白（villin）,紧密连接蛋白-1（claudin-1）,闭合蛋白（occludin）和肠型脂肪酸结合蛋白（iFABP）的相对表达量。【结果】 与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪平均日增重显著下降（P<0.05）,粪便评分显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中高密度脂蛋白含量显著降低（P<0.05）,肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著提高（P<0.05）;血浆中D-木糖含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、iFABP基因的相对表达量显著下调（P<0.05）。与PEDV组相比,PEDV+槲皮素组仔猪平均日增重和血浆D-木糖含量显著升高（P<0.05）;血液中肌酐和尿素氮的含量显著降低（P<0.05）;空肠claudin-1、villin和iFABP基因的相对表达量显著上调（P<0.05）。【结论】 10 mg/kg BW槲皮素可在一定程度上缓解PEDV感染导致的仔猪生长抑制和肾功能损伤,增强肠道吸收与屏障功能。     

粪肠球菌替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血液生化指标和免疫器官的影响

本试验在断奶仔猪饲粮中添加不同水平的粪肠球菌,研究其替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻指数和腹泻率、血液生化指标以及免疫器官的影响。选取120头(28±2)日龄平均体重为(7.60±0.81)kg的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪,随机分为5组,每组6个重复(公母各占1/2),每个重复4头,每个重复为1圈。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加100mg/kg硫酸黏菌素和400 mg/kg杆菌肽锌,3个粪肠球菌组分别在基础饲粮中添加40、200和1 000 mg/kg粪肠球菌,试验期31 d。试验结果显示:1)在1~14 d,饲粮中添加抗生素和粪肠球菌对断奶仔猪的平均日采食量(ADFI)、平均日增重(ADG)以及料重比(F/G)无显著影响(P0.05)。在15~31 d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI和ADG(P0.01)。在1~31 d,与对照组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组的ADFI均极显著提高(P0.01),而ADG分别显著和极显著增加(P0.05和P0.01);与抗生素组相比,1 000 mg/kg组可极显著提高ADFI(P0.01),而200和1 000 mg/kg组的ADG分别显著和极显著增加(P0.05和P0.01)。2)在1~14 d,与对照组相比,40 mg/kg组的腹泻指数和腹泻率显著降低(P0.05)。在15~31 d和1~31 d,与对照组和抗生素组相比,40和1 000 mg/kg组均可在一定程度上降低腹泻率(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,粪肠球菌可以显著提高血液中总蛋白含量(P0.05),其中200和1 000 mg/kg组达到极显著水平(P0.01),且这2组分别可以显著和极显著提高球蛋白含量(P0.05和P0.01)。与抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可以显著提高总蛋白含量(P0.05)。与对照组相比,抗生素组和1 000 mg/kg组的白球比显著降低(P0.05),另外,抗生素组血液中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05),200 mg/kg组的谷丙转氨酶活性显著降低(P0.05)。4)与对照组相比,1 000 mg/kg组的肝脏重量和脾脏指数有一定程度的提高(P0.05),与抗生素组相比,200和1 000 mg/kg组可显著提高肝脏重量(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮中添加粪肠球菌可改善断奶仔猪的生长性能(饲喂15~31 d),降低腹泻率,提高仔猪免疫力,其中添加量为1 000 mg/kg时效果最好。