不同生态环境下马铃薯还原糖含量分析

对马铃薯参试品种在西北地区不同生态条件下的还原糖含量变化进行方差分析和稳定性分析,结果表明,试点间、品种间以及试点和品种的互作间都存在着极显著差异,6个品种平均还原糖含量为0.625%,鄂95P3-3最低,为0.458%,陇薯3号最高,为0.832%;7个地点平均还原糖含量为0.625%,宁夏固原最低,为0.433%,青海海南最高,为0.913%。鄂95P3-3和青97-1-38这两个品种的回归系数均<1,是稳定性较好的品种。     

圆盘挖掘式甜菜联合收获机设计与试验

为了缓解中国甜菜收获装备短缺的现状,设计了一种适合国内甜菜种植模式和农艺要求的圆盘挖掘式甜菜联合收获机,并阐述了该机的总体配置及主要部件的结构。该机主要由传动系统、对行装置、挖掘装置、输送分离装置、升运装置等组成。其中,液压控制系统提高了机械的操控性及自动化程度;对行装置减少了甜菜的漏挖,实现了自动对行收获;圆盘式挖掘部件参数的优化设计有效减少了工作阻力,输送分离装置和升运装置中的杆式输送链减少了甜菜的输送损失和含杂。田间试验表明,收获机甜菜收获损失率不大于3.42%,粘土率不大于1.18%,损伤率不大于1.82%,折断率不大于1.6%,含杂率不大于4.86%,符合甜菜收获要求。该研究可为甜菜收获机械设计提供参考。     

酶解牦牛血发酵液制备抗氧化肽工艺优化

为进一步提高牦牛血枯草芽胞杆菌发酵液多肽含量,对牦牛血发酵液进行酶解,以酶解液的·OH清除率、多肽含量为主要指标,筛选酶解发酵液的最适蛋白酶,通过单因素和响应面试验优化酶解工艺,并对比菌酶联合制备产物与发酵液体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶酶解发酵液最佳条件为:酶解时间3 h、p H值9.5、酶解温度60℃和酶底比190 U·g-1,此条件下制备得到酶解液多肽含量为5.52mg·mL~(-1),较发酵液提高2.39倍。菌酶联合制备产物对·O2-及脂质过氧化的IC50分别为6.22、4.87mg·mL~(-1),发酵法制备产物对·O2-及脂质过氧化的IC50分别为8.42、11.71 mg·mL~(-1),且菌酶联合制备产物的还原力优于发酵制备产物。因此,菌酶联合制备牦牛血抗氧化肽法优于传统单一发酵法。本研究结果对提高牦牛血抗氧化肽得率,增加牦牛产品附加值具有重要的意义。     

Nutrients management strategies to improve yield and quality of sugar beet in semi-arid regions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the yield and quality of sugar beet genotypes (Beta vulgaris L.). Therefore, a field trial was carried out in Peshawar, Pakistan, during the winters in 2012–2013. The field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plots, having three replications. Fertilizer treatments (control, composted manure Higo Organic Plus at 5 t ha^?1, Maxicrop Sea Gold seaweed extract at 5 L ha^?1, farm yard manure at 10 t ha^?1, inorganic nitrogen–phosphorus (NP) at 90:60 kg ha^?1, NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 and NP at 150:120 kg ha^?1) were allotted to main plots, while genotypes (Sandrina, Serenada and Kawe Terma) were allotted to the sub-plots. Plots treated with the application of NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1 produced the highest beet yield (76.4 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (11.1 t ha^?1), and had the second highest polarizable sugar content (14.52%) and more economic return (Rs. 553,000 per hectare) as compared to control plots. Sugar beet genotype Serenada had significantly higher beet yield (55.5 t ha^?1) and sugar yield (7.9 t ha^?1) and a higher economic return (Rs. 380,000 per hectare) than the other genotypes. Sugar beet genotype Serenada supplied with NP at 120:90 kg ha^?1is recommended for the general cultivation in the agro-climatic conditions of Peshawar valley.     

Specific Responses of Soil Microbial Residue Carbon to Long-Term Mineral Fertilizer Applications to Reddish Paddy Soils

Mineral nutrient inputs to soil may alter microbial activity and consequently influence the accumulation of microbial residues. In this study, we investigated the effects of application rates and ratios of mineral fertilizers on the microbial residue carbon(MRC) of reddish paddy soils after long-term(15-year) fertilizer applications in southern China. Contents of three soil amino sugars as microbial residue contents were determined and MRC were calculated based on amino sugars. Results showed that three individual amino sugar contents increased as fertilizer application rates increased until maximum values were reached at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). The three amino sugar contents then declined significantly under the highest mineral fertilizer application rate of 675-88-280 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K). In addition, to enhance the microbial residue contents, it was more beneficial to double P(N:P:K= 1:0.26:0.41) in fertilizers applied to the P-deficient reddish paddy soils than to double either N(N:P:K = 2:0.13:0.41) or K(N:P:K= 1:0.13:0.82). The contents of the three individual amino sugars and microbial residues under different fertilizer application rates and ratios were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), total N, total P, and p H. Increases in values of the fungal C to bacterial C ratios showed that soil organic matter(SOM) stability increased because of the fertilizer applications over the past 15 years. The contents and ratios of amino sugars can be used as indicators to evaluate the impact of mineral fertilizer applications on SOM dynamics in subtropical paddy soils. The results indicated that fertilizer applications at a rate of 450-59-187 kg ha~(-1) year~(-1)(N-P-K) may improve crop yields, SOC contents, and SOC stability in subtropical paddy soils.     

Application of biochar in mitigation of negative effects of salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Salinity is a major abiotic stress that affects crop production throughout the world. Biochar is an activated carbon soil conditioner that can alleviate the negative impacts of salinity. The research was conducted to evaluate the ameliorative effect of 1% and 2% of biochar application on wheat seed germination and growth attributes under salinity. Both levels of biochar improved the germination and growth conditions under salinity; however, 2% biochar level was more effective compared to 1% level. Root and shoot length increased up to 23% and11% with 2% biochar, respectively. The maximum increase of 16% and 10% in leaf water potential and osmotic potential was noted with 2% biochar at 150 mM salt. The decrease in proline content and soluble sugar at 2% biochar was 51% and 27%, respectively. Decrease in superoxide dismutase activity was 15.3% at 2% level of biochar under stress biochar mitigates the negative effects of salinity and improved wheat productivity.     

基于声学特性的西瓜糖度检测系统

该研究优化了由包裹橡皮的金属小球、压电式加速度传感器、电荷放大器、光电式触发电路、数据采集卡和计算机等组成的西瓜声学特性测试系统。由所获取的声波信号幅值谱计算出声透过率,采用TQ软件中SMLR(逐步多元线性回归)函数选取6个特征频率:752、869、1001、4556、322、3950Hz,由其对应的声透过率值建立了西瓜品质检测的多元线性回归模型。对47个西瓜样本的试验数据分析表明:将敲击点和接收点分别放置在西瓜自然生长状态的中部对侧可获得最佳的测定模型,模型的校正相关系数R、校正均方根误差RMSEC和预测均方根误差RMSEP分别是0.80753、0.646和0.655。实现了西瓜糖度检测目的,为声学无损检测西瓜成熟度提供了参考。     

秋季不同色泽五叶地锦叶片生理生化特性的研究

为明确秋季不同叶色五叶地锦叶片的生理差异,以秋季同一植株上红色、中间色、绿色三种颜色的五叶地锦叶片为试材,测定了叶片中色素物质含量、酶活性以及叶片可溶性内含物的含量,结果表明:在红色叶片中,叶绿素含量较低,PAL、POD酶活性较高,花青素苷/叶绿素的比值较大,从而使R/G的值增大,叶色显现红色;而在绿色叶片中,叶绿素含量较高,PAL、POD酶活性较小,花青紊苷/叶绿素的比值较低,R/G的值降低,叶片显现绿色.通过可溶性内含物测定可知,在红色叶片中的可溶性糖和蛋白质含量相对较高,与花青素苷/叶绿素的比值达到显著相关水平,表明这些内含物的积累有利于花色素苷的合成.     

盐胁迫对阿月浑子可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量的影响

本研究用NaCl和Na2SO4处理两个阿月浑子品种,处理浓度均为50,150,250,500mmol·L-1,盐胁迫5,10,20d后取叶样,并测定可溶性糖、淀粉、脯氨酸含量变化。NaCl,Na2SO4胁迫下,长果和Kerman叶片内可溶性糖含量明显增高,借此来维持细胞内的渗透平衡,其中Kerman植株中可溶性糖含量增加幅度大,而长果增加幅度较小;叶片内淀粉含量略有增高,使其能够维持一定的渗透平衡,其中Kerman植株中淀粉含量增加幅度大,长果的增加幅度相对较小;叶片内脯氨酸(Pro)含量迅速上升,来维持渗透平衡,当阿月浑子植株受到盐胁迫时,叶片中的Pro含量成倍增长。     

肉鸡抗病力与生产性能关系的研究

以爱拔益加（ＡＡ）肉用鸡父母代（父母系各７５只）以及商品雏２００只，同时选取吉林Ｉ号肉鸡商品雏１２０只为试验材料，８周龄时翼下静脉采血，用抗原抗体反应测定Ａ、Ｂ血型因子，找出Ａ６１４血型抗病力较强的肉鸡，测定试验肉鸡的产肉性能。结果表明，以Ａ６１４因子作为选择抗病性指标，其生产性能不降低，且略有提高。