暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物抗菌活性的初步研究

用离心和细胞破碎沉淀法提取暹罗鳄外周血白细胞的抗菌活性物质,测定其对10种细菌的体外抗菌活性。结果表明：暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物对埃希氏大肠杆菌、海豚链球菌、多杀性巴斯德菌、温和气单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、嗜水气单胞菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌、创伤弧菌、霍乱弧菌10种细菌均有一定的抗菌效力;其中,对海豚链球菌的抗菌效力最强,抑菌圈达22．1mm;对大肠杆菌的抗菌效力次之,抑菌圈达21．7mm;对霍乱弧菌的抗菌效力较弱,抑菌圈为7mm。实验还测定了理化因子对暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物抗菌活性的影响,发现其具有酸溶性、EDTA敏感性和热稳定性等特点。据此特点,初步确定暹罗鳄外周血白细胞中所含的抗菌活性物质是抗菌肽。比较了暹罗鳄外周血白细胞和密西西比红耳龟、花田鸡外周血白细胞提取物的抗菌效力的强弱,发现前者对于实验所用10种细菌的抗菌效力明显强于后两者;其中,对链球菌的抗菌效力,暹罗鳄外周血白细胞提取物最强,抑菌圈达21．3mm,密西西比红耳龟外周血白细胞提取物次之,抑菌圈为5．3mm,花田鸡白细胞提取物最弱,抑菌圈为0．67mm。说明暹罗鳄外周血白细胞中存在一种或数种具有广谱、高效的抗菌活性物质。     

天冬氨酸对脂多糖刺激断奶仔猪生长性能、血细胞分类计数和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究天冬氨酸(ASP)对脂多糖(LPS)刺激断奶仔猪生长性能、血细胞分类计数和血液生化指标的影响。试验选用24头断奶仔猪,分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+0.5%ASP组(0.5%ASP)、LPS+1.0%ASP组(1.0%ASP)。结果表明:0.5%和1.0%ASP可缓解LPS刺激导致的日增重的降低(P<0.05);注射LPS 4 h后,0.5%或1.0%ASP可显著缓解LPS刺激导致的淋巴细胞比例、血小板数量的降低和嗜酸性粒细胞比例的升高,增加红细胞平均血红蛋白(HGB)浓度(P<0.05);注射LPS 24 h后,0.5%和1.0%ASP可显著缓解嗜中性粒细胞数量、嗜中性粒细胞比例的升高和淋巴细胞比例的降低(P<0.05);0.5%或1.0%ASP可显著缓解LPS刺激引起的谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、血糖的升高和谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶的降低(P<0.05)。结果显示,ASP缓解了LPS刺激所导致的生长抑制和应激反应。     

发酵床饲养对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响

探索发酵床饲养对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响。试验选择25 d断奶三元杂交(杜洛克猪×长白猪×大白猪)仔猪80头,公母各半,随机分成试验组和对照组,试验组以发酵床饲养,对照组采用常规水泥地面饲养,肥育试验期为135 d;试验结束时,提前12 h禁食,称重,每组随机抽样6头猪血样,离心分离血清,测定血液生化指标。胰岛素含量采用放射免疫法测定,其他血液生化指标采用全自动生化分析测试仪测定。结果表明,试验组猪血清中的高密度脂蛋白明显升高(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白和尿素含量明显降低(P<0.05),其他各项指标均与对照组无明显差异。     

农户舍饲奶牛血清钙及游离羟脯氨酸水平测定

采用氯胺T比色法和EDTANa_2滴定法,对重庆市农户舍饲奶牛不同泌乳阶段血清中游离羟脯氨酸与血清钙的水平进行 测定,旨在调查试验条件下奶牛血钙代谢情况以及骨营养不良发生的可能性。结果显示: 在农户全舍饲条件下,血清钙含量Ⅱ组显著低于Ⅴ组、Ⅵ组,其它各组间差异不显著;Ⅰ～ Ⅵ组血清羟脯氨酸含量分别为2.32±0.37μg/ml、2.36±0.59μg/ml、2.02±0.54μg/ml、1.90±0.44μg/ml、1.98±0.45μg/ml、1.79±0.18μg/ml,Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与Ⅵ组差异极显著。采样后2-3个月内进行临床观察,血清游离羟脯氨酸水平与骨营养不良发生率呈现一致性变化。而钙磷摄入不足,比例不当是主要原因。     

Locomotion Score and Its Impacts on Production Performance and Blood Routine Indexes in Chinese Holstein

To investigate the influencing factors of locomotion score (LS) and its impacts on production performance and blood routine index in Holstein,body condition score (BCS),LS and DHI (dairy herd improvement) of 1 486 lactating cows from two dairy farms,and the blood routine indexes of 101 lactating cows from one farm in Beijing were measured.The fixed model was used to analyze the impacts of herd,parity and lactation stage on LS,and the impacts of LS and BCS on daily milk yield,somatic cell score,milk composition and blood routine indexes in dairy cows.The results showed that both parity and lactation stage had significant impacts on LS.The LS increased with the increase of parit,the LS increased by 0.71 from first lactation to fifth and above lactation.The LS of cow in lactation stage Ⅲ(100-199 d) and Ⅵ (after 350 d) were significantly higher than cow in stage Ⅱ (45-99 d)(P<0.05),and both were higher than 2.The LS had no significant impacts on daily milk yield,milk composition and somatic cell score (P>0.05).However,the milk yield of the cow with LS≥4 was the lowest,and a decrease of 2.29 kg was found compared with the cow with LS=1.Among the various blood routine indexes,LS had significant impacts on red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count (P<0.05),and had no significant impacts on white blood cell count (P>0.05).With the increase of LS,the red blood cell count,hemoglobin content,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and lymphocyte count of cows decreased with different extents.There were some problems on the body immunity and hematopoiesis of cows with poor LS.In dairy farm,regular evaluation of LS could be used to find the management problems of feet and legs,which had a great significance to reduce the loss of production performance and early culling caused by hoof disease.     

全蚕粉复合物降血糖及降血脂效果的比较

通过动物试验和糖尿病患者服用试验,比较了全蚕粉复合物(SPC)与全蚕粉(SP)的降血糖和降血脂效果。动物试验表明,SPC的降血糖效果优于SP和拜糖平,并能显著提高糖尿病小鼠的C肽水平,降低小鼠血浆总胆固醇水平。糖尿病患者服用SPC后,不仅能降低空腹血糖和餐后血糖,而且能降低糖化血红蛋白水平,未发现低血糖及其它不良反应。     

Effect of dietary GroBiotic®‐A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora,growth performance,haemato‐serological parameters,survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)

The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic^®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg^?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg^?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg^?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg^?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.     

Feed consumption, nutrient utilization and serum metabolite profile of captive blackbucks (Antelope cervicapra) fed diets varying in crude protein content

A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of crude protein (CP) in the diet of captive blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) in which feed consumption and nutrient utilization are maximal. Fifteen blackbucks (BW 25-34 kg) were distributed into three groups of five each in an experiment of 75-days duration including a digestion trial of 5-day collection period. All the animals were offered 200 g of concentrates and fresh maize fodder ad libitum. The overall CP content of the three respective diets was 6.9%, 10.4% and 12.7%. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment. Intake and digestibility of CP increased (p < 0.01) with the increased level of CP in the diet. Feed consumption and nutrient intake were not significantly different among the groups. However, digestibilities of most of the nutrients were higher in the 10.4% CP diet than in the 6.9% CP diet. The endogenous loss of nitrogen was similar among the groups. Based on the endogenous losses, minimum N requirement was calculated to be 776 mg/kg BW(0.75) /day, and to meet this requirement, diet must contain at least 8.27% CP. Serum urea nitrogen concentration increased (p < 0.01) with increased level of dietary CP. Serum level of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and glutamate pyruvate transaminase was higher (p < 0.05) in the group fed 6.9% CP diet. Animals in the group fed low protein diet also lost body mass during the experimental period. It was concluded that a diet containing 10.4% CP was optimum for maximizing nutrient utilization without any adverse effect on voluntary feed consumption and serum metabolite profile of blackbucks.     

血粉膨化机的设计

禽畜血液富含粗蛋白，目前常用的加工方法如喷雾干燥法，发酵法等存在产品消化率低，投资较大等问题，膨化处理能提高蛋白消化率。但血粉比淀粉类原料难膨化，存在着设计上的特殊性。本文在理论分析及试验结果的基础上，对膨化机的特殊结构及尺寸设计进行了分析。实际应用表明该设计基本解决了技术及工艺问题。     

高粗料日粮中添加脂肪对奶年血液代谢产物瘤胃发酵和干物质消化率影响的研究

对50头泌乳中期的奶牛进行为期6周的饲养试验，研究高粗料高脂肪日粮对奶牛血液代谢产物、瘤胃发酵和干物质消化率的影响。试验设有10个重复，每个重复5头奶牛，每头奶牛给定一种日粮。试验用日粮为：对照日粮（日粮1）和试验日粮（高粗料75％高脂肪7．5％，日粮2；高粗料，中等水平脂肪5．0％，日粮3；中等水平粗料65％，高水平脂肪，日粮4；中等水平粗料和脂肪，日粮5；或者对照日粮中含有50％粗料和2．0％脂肪）。这些日粮含氮量相同（CP17．7％）。粗饲料由20苜蓿干草、40％苜蓿半干青贮和40％青贮玉米组成。所用脂肪由80％瘤胃 保护脂肪和20％黄色油脂组成。试验结果表明：试验组和对照组的血糖浓度差异不显著；试验组的血浆非酯化脂肪酸（NEFA）高于对照组。而奶牛采食日粮的粗饲料和脂肪水平不同，其NEFA差异不显著；对照组、试验组与粗饲料和脂肪水平不同的日粮的瘤胃PH、瘤胃VFA浓度和干物质消化率差异不显著。