Cloning of Carp Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Full-length cDNA and its Differential Expression Analysis in Peripheral Blood Leukocytes

The study was aimed to obtain carp iNOS cDNA full-length sequence, and investigate the changes in peripheral blood leukocyte expression of iNOS in the stimulation of different mitogens.Based on EST sequences of iNOS that obtained from carp normal peripheral blood leukocytes cDNA library, full-length cDNA sequence of carp iNOS was successfully amplified by using gene library screening and rapid-amplification of cDNA 5'ends (5'-RACE) method.Carp peripheral blood leukocytes were divided into control and experimental groups and cultured.The experimental groups were stimulated by LPS (1.0 μg/mL) and ConA (1.0 μg/mL) for 4 and 12 h, respectively.And control groups were in the same cultured conditon time without mitogen stimulated.Real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of iNOS in peripheral blood leukocytes of each group.The results showed that the cDNA fragment was total 3 704 bp containing 74 bp 5'untranslated region (UTR), 246 bp 3'UTR and a 3 384 bp ORF encoding 1 127 amino acids.Sequence homology analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of carp iNOS shared 100% identity with Carassius auratus.After LPS and ConA stimulation, the iNOS expression of peripheral blood leukocytes in the experimental groups were increased, and the expression in the short time stimulation condition (4 h) was higher than the long time (LPS 12 h; ConA 24 h).In conclusion, iNOS expression of peripheral blood leukocytes was raised after LPS and ConA stimulation, suggesting that there were dynamic changes in the inflammation.     

复方天门冬多糖注射液的靶动物（鸡）安全性试验

【目的】研究复方天门冬多糖注射液对靶动物（鸡）的安全性,为其临床用药提供参考依据。【方法】以鸡为靶动物进行肌肉注射给药,然后对试验鸡的临床症状、体重变化、饲料报酬及血液常规指标、血液生化指标等进行安全性评估,以确定受试药物的最大耐受剂量或耐受范围。【结果】鸡只注射复方天门冬多糖注射液后,能明显增加其日均增重和降低饲料报酬,促进鸡体生长发育,尤其以5倍剂量组（10.0 mL/kg）的效果最佳;在血液常规指标方面,除血小板数呈明显降低趋势外,白细胞数、红细胞数、红细胞压积、血红蛋白含量等指标的变化不明显,且不同处理组间的差异不显著（P＆gt;0.05）;在血液生化指标方面,注射复方天门冬多糖注射液后1周内各项生化指标呈无规律的升高或降低变化趋势,至给药后第14 d（31日龄）,则以5倍剂量组的各项指标较接近于正常水平。【结论】复方天门冬多糖注射液是一种有效的免疫增强剂,能促进鸡体生长发育,且在实际生产应用中具有较高的安全性,其在靶动物（鸡）上的最大耐受剂量为10.0 mL/kg。     

Effects of Blood Cell Membrane Disruption by Ultrasonic Technology on the Quality of Duck Blood Tofu

[目的]探讨超声波工艺对鸭血豆腐的品质的影响。[方法]利用超声波对血细胞进行破壁处理,通过单因素实验确定最佳超声波工艺条件,并研究破壁和未破壁处理的鸭血豆腐在感官品质和营养价值方面的差异。[结果]最佳超声波破壁工艺为功率400W。超声时间6min,此时破壁率达到100％,鸭血中血红蛋白含量提高了43.46％,铁含量增加了10.85％,破壁处理后制成的鸭血豆腐a＊明显增加。其内部微观结构和质构参数共同证明超声波处理有利于鸭血凝胶结构的形成。经过人工胃液和人工肠液处理后游离氨基酸含量比未经超声波处理的鸭血豆腐9,25％。[结论]超声波破壁工艺可以提高鸭血豆腐的感官品质和营养价值。     

营养素及添加剂改善哺乳母猪泌乳力、生产性能和血液参数的研究进展

在母猪妊娠期和泌乳期日粮中添加不同水平的营养素或添加剂可改善哺乳母猪的泌乳力、生产性能和某些血液参数。文章就添加蛋白质、氨基酸、油脂、纤维、微量元素、维生素及添加剂对哺乳母猪的影响展开分析。     

贵妃鸡血液生化指标与体尺性状及屠宰性能的相关性

为了解贵妃鸡血液生化指标及其与体尺性状、屠宰性能间的相关关系,随机选取12只（公母各半）14周龄贵妃鸡测定血液生化指标、体尺性状及屠宰性能并进行相关性分析。结果表明：14周龄贵妃鸡的平均体重为983．00 g,谷氨酰基转移酶与谷丙转氨酶、乳酸脱氢酶与总胆固醇、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶与乳酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶与胫围、葡萄糖与体斜长、葡萄糖与胸肌重间均呈极显著正相关（P ＜0．01）,肌酸激酶与碱性磷酸酶、乳酸脱氢酶与胆碱酯酶、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶与总胆固醇、胆碱酯酶与胫围间均呈显著正相关（P ＜0．05）,甘油三酯与龙骨长呈极显著负相关（P ＜0．01）,葡萄糖与谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶与体斜长、谷草转氨酶与胸肌重、谷氨酰基转移酶与体斜长间均呈显著负相关（P ＜0．05）,可将这些生化指标作为遗传标记以预测贵妃鸡的生产性能,进行贵妃鸡的早期选育。     

Age Effects on Blood Gas,Spirometry, Airway Reactivity,and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cytology in Clinically Healthy Horses

Background

Despite the increasing number of geriatric horses attended by veterinarians, there is a lack of understanding of aging‐related changes on the respiratory system of horses.

Objective

To identify aging‐related changes on the respiratory function and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology of horses.

Animals

Fifteen healthy young adult (2–11 years) and 16 healthy aged (≥20 years) horses.

Methods

The respiratory system was examined by measurement of arterial blood gases (ABG), use of respiratory inductive plethysmography (RIP) for assessment of breathing pattern and ventilatory parameters, histamine bronchoprovocation, and BALF cytology.

Results

No significant differences were detected with regard to values obtained by ABG or bronchoprovocation of young adult and aged healthy horses. In aged horses, there were significant differences in mean ± SD of the following parameters when compared to young horses: prolonged expiratory time (Te) measured by RIP (3.9 ± 1.5 s versus 3.0 ± 0.6 s), decreased percentage of alveolar macrophages (40.6 ± 11.3% versus 53.5 ± 9.6%), and increased percentage of lymphocytes (53.4 ± 9.5% versus 43.9 ± 11.0%). No correlations between airway reactivity and ventilatory parameters, ABG, or BALF cytology were found in this asymptomatic population.

Conclusions

These results suggest that aging does not cause changes in the results obtained by ABG, most RIP‐derived variables, and bronchoprovocation in the horse. A decreased percentage of macrophage and an increased percentage of lymphocytes in the BALF cytology may be expected in the asymptomatic geriatric horse and may be a result of aging.