A prospective, randomized comparison of Oxyglobin (HB-200) and packed red blood cell transfusion for canine babesiosis

Objective – To establish the efficacy of Oxyglobin (HB-200) in canine babesiosis and compare it to standard therapy, packed red blood cell transfusion (pRBCT) with respect to improvements in specific parameters of blood gas, acid-base, blood pressure, and subjective evaluations.
Design – Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.
Setting – Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital.
Animals – Twelve dogs (8–25 kg) naturally infected with Babesia rossi and a hematocrit of 0.1–0.2 L/L (10–20%).
Interventions – Treatment groups were randomized to receive either 20 mL/kg of Oxyglobin or pRBCT over 4 hours via a central venous catheter. Transfusions were followed by lactated Ringer's solution infusion. Rectal temperature, femoral arterial and mixed venous blood sampling, oscillometric blood pressure, and subjective assessment of patient status (habitus), and appetite were performed at time points 0, 1, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours.
Main Results – Dogs presented with a hypoalbuminemic alkalosis; hyperchloremic, dilutional acidosis; normotensive tachycardia; pyrexia; depression; and anorexia. Both treatments produced similar results, with the exception of significant differences in pH (4 h); PCO₂ (4 h); hemoglobin (8 h, 24 h); mean arterial pressure (48 h); albumin (4 h, 8 h); habitus (8 h, 48 h); and appetite (24 h). Arterial O₂ content was higher for pRBCT than Oxyglobin at 72 hours, but central venous PO₂ did not differ between groups or over time and was consistently subnormal.
Conclusions – Oxyglobin provides similar overall improvements to pRBCT in dogs with anemia from babesiosis, with respect to blood gas, acid-base and blood pressure, although patients receiving packed cells tended to have more rapid normalization of habitus and appetite.     

Effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in spontaneously breathing,conscious dogs in an intensive care unit

Objective – To evaluate the effect of body position on the arterial partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide (PaO₂, PaCO₂), and the efficiency of pulmonary oxygen uptake as estimated by alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference (A‐a difference). Design – Prospective, randomized, crossover study. Setting – University teaching hospital, intensive care unit. Animals – Twenty‐one spontaneously breathing, conscious, canine patients with arterial catheters placed as part of their management strategy. Interventions – Patients were placed randomly into lateral or sternal recumbency. PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were measured after 15 minutes in this position. Patients were then repositioned into the opposite position and after 15 minutes the parameters were remeasured. Measurements and Main Results – Results presented as median (interquartile range). PaO₂ was significantly higher (P=0.001) when patients were positioned in sternal, 91.2 mm Hg (86.0–96.1 mm Hg), compared with lateral recumbency, 86.4 mm Hg (73.9–90.9 mm Hg). The median change was 5.4 mm Hg (1.1–17.9 mm Hg). All 7 dogs with a PaO₂<80 mm Hg in lateral recumbency had improved arterial oxygenation in sternal recumbency, median increase 17.4 mm Hg with a range of 3.8–29.7 mm Hg. PaCO₂ levels when patients were in sternal recumbency, 30.5 mm Hg (27.3–32.7 mm Hg) were not significantly different from those in lateral recumbency, 32.2 mm Hg (28.3–36.0 mm Hg) (P=0.07). The median change was ?1.9 mm Hg (?3.6–0.77 mm Hg). A‐a differences were significantly lower (P=0.005) when patients were positioned in sternal recumbency, 21.7 mm Hg (17.3–27.7 mm Hg), compared with lateral recumbency, 24.6 mm Hg (20.4–36.3 mm Hg). The median change was ?3.1 mm Hg (?14.6–0.9 mm Hg). Conclusions – PaO₂ was significantly higher when animals were positioned in sternal recumbency compared with lateral recumbency, predominantly due to improved pulmonary oxygen uptake (decreased A‐a difference) rather than increased alveolar ventilation (decreased PaCO₂). Patients with hypoxemia (defined as PaO₂<80 mm Hg) in lateral recumbency may benefit from being placed in sternal recumbency. Sternal recumbency is recommended to improve oxygenation in hypoxemic patients.     

鸡胚蛋重比作为评价传染性支气管炎病毒致侏儒化指标的研究

在鸡胚上接种鸡传染性支气管病毒（M41、H120、HN99株）后6 d内,每天称量胚体和各自种蛋的重量,计算胚体/种蛋重量的比值（EE值）。EE值与未接种病毒的对照组鸡胚相比,计算出最小感染量,EE指数通过接种过IBV的鸡胚EE值和对照组EE值相比计算出来。结果表明,在接种M41株和HN99株后第4天EE值与对照组差异显著,在接种H120株后第5天EE值与对照组差异显著,可初步判定是被传染性支气管炎病毒感染,这种方法可更快更有效的观察胚体损伤程度,尤其适用于需经传代才能看到矮小化现象的野毒株。     

鄂尔多斯地区白绒山羊主要生理生化指标的测定和分析

对内蒙古鄂尔多斯市达拉特旗地区30只成年绒山羊的主要生理生化指标进行了测定.结果显示:RBC为(14.80±0.77)×1012/L,WBC为(10.81±0.99)×109/L,Hb为(81.73±1.43)g/L,淋巴细胞为(56.13±2.16)%,嗜碱性细胞为(0.64±0.47)%,嗜酸性细胞为(4.50±1.35)%,单核细胞为(3.61±1.28)%,TP为(54.28±4.79)g/L,ALB为(34.57±6.23)g/L,血清球蛋白(G)为(19.70±7.09)g/L,A/G为2.13±1.20,BUN为(2.64±0.86)mmol/L,GOT为(53.94±17.28)IU/L,GPT为(19.79±7.47)IU/L,AKP为(54.26±16.90)金式单位/100mL.     

Isolation and pathogenic characterization of an OB1 variant of Babesia rodhaini which has a glycophorin A-independent pathway to murine red blood cells

Recent studies using several Babesia spp. have demonstrated that these species commonly recognize host sialic acids of red blood cells (RBCs) for their invasion. Glycophorin A (GPA), which is a major carrier of the sialic acids on RBCs, is a possible invasive receptor for Babesia parasites. In the present study, a variant of Babesia rodhaini was successfully isolated from a GPA homozygous knockout (GPA^−/−) mouse infected with an Australian strain of B. rodhaini which had originally been unable to replicate in GPA^−/− mice. The isolated parasite (designated as an OB1 variant) caused lethal infection to wild-type mice, as in the case of the parent Australian strain. However, although the growth of the OB1 variant in GPA^−/− mice was comparable with that in wild-type mice at 1–4 days after infection, the growth was significantly inhibited from day 5 onward, leading to the eventual survival of the GPA^−/− mice. Resistance of GPA^−/− mice against OB1 infection was lost by splenectomy, although the cytokine responses to the infection in the sera of GPA^−/− mice were similar to those of wild-type mice. The autoantibody levels to GPA-defective RBCs in the sera of GPA^−/− mice were depressed at a lower level at 0–2 days after infection than those of wild-type mice, while the levels of GPA^−/− mice progressively increased and reached comparable levels to those of wild-type mice at day 3 or later. These results indicate that the isolated OB1 variant has a GPA-independent invasion pathway into murine RBCs and suggest that the resistance of GPA^−/− mice against infection with the OB1 variant may be attributed to the effective clearance of the parasitized RBCs lacking GPA in the spleen, possibly mediated by preferential autoantibody binding to the RBC membrane.     

益生素和低聚木糖对断奶仔猪生产性能、消化酶活性、血液指标和肠道微生物的影响

选用(21±2)日龄体质量为(6.83±0.9)kg的PIC断奶仔猪240头,随机分为4个处理,正对照组(positive diet,PD)含有较多的鱼粉和乳清粉;负对照纽(negative diet,ND)舍有较少的鱼粉和乳清粉,较多的豆粕;负对照+0.035%益生素(negative diet+probiotics,ND+P);负对照+0.002%低聚木糖(negative diet+xylo-oligosaccharide,ND+X).饲喂至65日龄屠宰.结果显示,在断奶仔猪日粮中乳清粉和鱼粉从5.50%降低到2.50%,豆粕从22.50%增加到26.50%可导致仔猪消化道酶活性、血糖和血清总蛋白水平、盲肠乳酸杆菌数量降低(P<0.05),血清尿素氮、盲肠大肠杆菌数量、仔猪腹泻指数扣料重比增加(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖可以提高仔猪消化道蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉消化酶活性(P<0.05),降低料重比(P<0.05);提高血糖,降低血清尿素氮水平(P<0.05),改善蛋白质平衡和能量代谢;提高盲肠乳酸杆菌数量,减少大肠杆菌数量(P<0.05),降低仔猪的腹泻指数(P<0.05).添加益生素和低聚木糖与否,均不影响日增重和采食量(P>0.05).益生素和低聚木糖可以改善断奶仔猪的消化功能、后消化道有益菌群、饲料转化效率,防治仔猪腹泻.     

不同剂量氟苯尼考对猪血液生化指标及猪瘟抗体的影响

40头70日龄健康猪随机分为高、中、低剂量组和对照组,每组10头,各试验组注射猪瘟弱毒疫苗(2头份/猪),同时高、中、低剂量组分别按每千克体质量于饲料中加入120、60、30 mg氟苯尼考,连续给药7 d,停药后1、8、15、22、29 d,对相关的血液生化指标以及猪瘟抗体水平进行检测分析.结果表明,停药后1、8 d,所有氟苯尼考添加组的猪瘟抗体滴度下降,仅120 mg/kg组差异显著(P<0.05),停药15 d后抗体水平恢复至正常水平;60和120mg/kg给药组TP含量在停药后1、8 d均显著下降(P<0.05);所有给药组的ALT活性在所有检测时间内均显著上升(P<0.05或P<0.01);所有给药组的γGT活性在停药后1 d均显著上升(P<0.05),而60和120 mg/kg组γGT在第8天仍显著上升(P<0.05);所有给药组的BUN含量在停药后1 d均显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);AST、LDH、CHE活性和ALB、CRE含量与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05);表明每千克体质量60 mg以上氟苯尼考在饲料中饲喂7 d后,对部分生化指标有一定的影响,应引起重视.     

小熊猫血液生理生化指标的测定

为建立健康成体小熊猫血液生理生化参数指标,选择福州大熊猫研究中心圈养的28只（雌性20只,雄性8只）外观发育正常、临床检查健康的小熊猫作为试验对象,通过食物引诱自行进入夹笼,在无麻醉的情况下,静脉采血。用全自动血细胞分析仪和生化分析仪检测23项血液参数和25项血液生化参数。用SPSS11．5统计软件包对各参数计算平均值（X^-）和标准差（SD）,t检验比较雄性与雌性小熊猫相应指标的差异显著性。测定结果为小熊猫的疾病诊断、动物检疫和相关的研究提供科学的依据。     

3种禽血抗凝剂效果及其对DNA提取质量的影响

通过3种不同血液抗凝剂对禽血抗凝,提取新鲜的和经冷冻保存一段时间后的抗凝血DNA,运用紫外分光法、凝胶电泳和PCR扩增技术检测提取的DNA样品质量,探讨不同抗凝剂的抗凝效果及其对提取DNA质量的影响。结果表明:3种抗凝血提取的DNA纯度和浓度相近。新鲜抗凝血比冷冻保存一段时间后的抗凝血提取的DNA质量好。ACD抗凝血在冷冻一段时间后出现凝血块,EDTA抗凝血液放置时间过长也影响抗凝效果,但两者在加入裂解液后则可长时间保存。75%乙醇抗凝剂抗凝效果较好,可长时间保存,适合远距离采血。由3种抗凝禽血提取的DNA分子片段完整,能满足常规分子生物学试验研究。     

Artifactual changes in canine blood following storage, detected using the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer

BACKGROUND: Artifactual changes in blood may occur as a consequence of delayed analysis and may complicate interpretation of CBC data. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize artifactual changes in canine blood, due to storage, using the ADVIA 120 hematology analyzer. METHODS: Blood samples were collected into EDTA from 5 clinically healthy dogs. Within 1 hour after blood sample collection and at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours after storage of the samples at either 4 degrees C or room temperature (approximately 24 degrees C), a CBC was done using the ADVIA 120 and multispecies software. A linear mixed model was used to statistically evaluate significant differences in values over time, compared with initial values. RESULTS: The HCT and MCV were increased significantly after 12 hours of collection at both 4 degrees C and 24 degrees C, and continued to increase through 48 hours. The MCHC initially decreased significantly at 12-24 hours and then continued to decrease through 48 hours at both temperatures. Changes in HCT, MCV, and MCHC were greater at 24 degrees C than at 4 degrees C at all time points. A significant increase in MPV and a decrease in mean platelet component concentration were observed at all time points at 24 degrees C. Samples stored at 24 degrees C for 48 hours had significantly higher percentages of normocytic-hypochromic RBCs, and macrocytic-normochromic RBCs, and lower platelet and total WBC counts. CONCLUSIONS: Delayed analysis of canine blood samples produces artifactual changes in CBC results, mainly in RBC morphology and platelet parameters, that are readily detected using the ADVIA 120. Refrigeration of specimens, even after 24 hours of storage at room temperature, is recommended to improve the accuracy of CBC results for canine blood samples.