大黄鱼仔、稚、幼鱼发育阶段的脂肪酸组成及其变化

研究了大黄鱼早期主要发育阶段（前仔鱼期、后仔鱼期、稚鱼、幼鱼）体内脂肪酸的组成及含量的变化规律,并重点比较了发病稚鱼与正常稚鱼的脂肪酸组成。用GC／MS法共检测到24种脂肪酸,且种类随发育而递增,其中饱和脂肪酸（SFA）12种,单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）6种,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）6种。分析结果表明：大黄鱼鱼苗内源性营养阶段以饱和脂肪酸C14：0、C16：0及单不饱和脂肪酸C16：1、C18：1作为能量代谢的主要来源;必需脂肪酸C20：4（n-6）（AA）在鱼苗开口前就已存在,而DHA和EPA摄食后才被检测到,其含量受饵料种类的影响,DHA含量变化范围为7．26％～25．36％,EPA为3．41％～8．40％。与同期正常鱼苗相比,病鱼苗的主要脂肪酸DHA、EPA含量显著降低,DHA不足前者的1／3,而AA、C18：1、C18：2、C18：3含量和EPA／DHA的比值显著增加,分别是前者的1．5—3倍。导致稚鱼阶段“胀鳔病”发生的内在原因可能是DHA和EPA的缺乏以及AA偏高。研究结果为预防“胀鳔”鱼苗的发生提供了理论依据。     

Management of bladder rupture in mature horses

Rupture of the urinary bladder of adult horses is rare with both reports of surgical repair and conservative management in the literature. The case report by Gosling et al. in this issue describes the successful treatment of an iatrogenic bladder tear in an adult gelding. The aim of this commentary is to review the described treatment options.     

Laparoscopic repair of a ruptured bladder in an adult mare

A bladder rupture suffered by an adult mare during parturition was repaired, using a laparoscopic approach with the mare in dorsal recumbency. During the laparoscopic approach, the bladder was empty, inverted and had a rent on the dorsal apical surface. The bladder was located far caudally within the pelvis. By grasping the left lateral ligament and exerting gentle traction, it proved possible to manoeuvre the bladder more cranially where the rupture could be sutured. The benefits of the laparoscopic approach are reduction in incision size, visualisation of the tear, reachability of the empty bladder and the tear, and reduced reconvalescence time.     

膀胱粘膜下注射丝裂霉素C预防膀胱癌术后复发的疗效观察

目的;观察膀胱粘膜下注射丝裂霉素Ｃ预防膀胱癌术后复发的临床疗效。方法：８５例膀胱癌患者随机分为两组：（１）粘膜下注药组４３例,在肿瘤切除后术中应用丝裂霉素Ｃ６－８ｍｇ加生理盐水４０－６０ｍＬ行膀胱粘膜下注射。（２）对照组４２例,术后应用丝裂霉素Ｃ２０ｍｇ加生理盐水４０ｍＬ定期膀胱内灌注。     

熊胆的药用与替代

活熊取胆的社会舆论压力越来越大,但熊胆能否在传统医药中被取代却论证不足.通过调查和对比发现,许多动物都有替代熊的潜力.这些动物的胆汁无论是药用功能还是活性成分,都与熊胆汁有很大的相似性.     

Computed tomographic retrograde positive contrast cystography and computed tomographic excretory urography characterization of a urinary bladder diverticulum in a dog

A one‐year‐old intact male German shepherd dog was referred with a 3‐month history of dysuria and pollakiuria. Physical examination revealed a large firm mass in the caudal abdomen. Findings from survey radiography, negative contrast cystography, computed tomographic (CT) retrograde positive contrast cystography, and CT excretory urography were consistent with a large urinary bladder diverticulum. An exploratory laparotomy revealed a normal wall appearance in the ventral compartment (true bladder) and marked thinning of the wall in the dorsal compartment (diverticulum). Both ureters inserted into the ventral compartment. The dorsal compartment was excised and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of urinary bladder diverticulum.     

LYMPHOMA AFFECTING THE URINARY BLADDER IN THREE DOGS AND A CAT

Three dogs and one cat with lymphoma affecting the urinary bladder are reported and the findings on abdominal radiographs and ultrasound are described. Mural lesions representing lymphoma affecting the urinary bladder were identified ultrasonographically in all animals. The most common complications associated with urinary bladder lymphoma were hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In two patients contrast radiography was necessary to detect leakage of urine in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space. The radiographic and ultrasonographic signs were similar to those reported with other urinary bladder neoplasms; hence urinary bladder lymphoma could not be distinguished from the more common urinary bladder neoplasms, such as transitional cell carcinoma. It is important to include lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder wall thickening and mural mass in dogs and cats.     

NEEDLE-TRACT IMPLANTATION FOLLOWING US-GUIDED FINE-NEEDLE ASPIRATION BIOPSY OF TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER, URETHRA, AND PROSTATE

Localized tumor implantation of the ventral abdominal wall was found at 2, 5, and 8 months following percutaneous ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of transitional carcinoma of the bladder, urethra, or prostate in 3 dogs. To our knowledge this complication has not been reported in dogs following FNAB. Despite the rarity of needle-tract implantation, the potential for this complication with transitional cell carcinomas is apparently not negligible and warrants consideration. We recommend traumatic urethral catheterization to obtain a cytologic diagnosis of potential transitional cell carcinomas of the lower urinary tract or prostate whenever possible until more information becomes available. However, needle-track implantation is so rare that it should not influence the decision to perform a percutaneous FNAB if the urethra cannot be catheterized.     

Inguinal rupture with herniation of the urinary bladder through the scrotal fascia in a Shetland pony foal

Herniation of the urinary bladder in the inguinal region has not previously been described in the horse. A case of inguinal rupture with herniation of the bladder through the scrotal fascia in a 3‐month‐old Shetland pony, diagnosed by external palpation, urinary catheterisation and external ultrasonographic examination is reported. Surgical management of the case was by dissection of the scrotal fascia, partial cystectomy and unilateral castration. During the period of hospitalisation the only complication was a slight seroma, which resolved spontaneously. Follow‐up after 6 months did not reveal any abnormality.