幼建鲤生物素缺乏的病理组织学观察

本试验旨在研究生物素缺乏幼建鲤的组织器官病理变化.将400尾平均体重为(7.72±0.02)g的幼建鲤随机分为2组(每组4个重复,每个重复50尾鱼),分别饲喂生物素含量为0.010(缺乏组)和0.151 mg/kg(对照组)的试验饲料63 d.结果表明:生物素缺乏导致幼建鲤的肠黏膜上皮细胞变性、坏死、脱落;肝细胞变性、肿胀;后肾肾小管细胞变性、肿胀;心脏肌纤维溶解、断裂,肌间间隙变宽;肌肉肌纤维萎缩、断裂,肌横纹模糊不清或消失;鳃小片粘连,严重者坏死、脱落,部分鳃弓处发生充血.由此得出,生物素缺乏会造成幼建鲤组织器官不同程度的病理损伤.     

生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响

【目的】研究生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响,以确定其需要量。【方法】选用初始体质量为(64.04±1.26)g/尾的吉富罗非鱼幼鱼270尾,随机分成6组(每组3重复,每重复15尾),分别投喂生物素水平为0.00(对照组),0.03,0.07,0.31,0.61和1.26mg/kg的饲料10周,测定并分析生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼体质量增长率、特定生长率、体成分及血清生化指标的影响。【结果】饲料中添加一定水平的生物素可显著提高鱼体质量增长率、特定生长率、饲料效率和肥满度(P0.05)。0.07 mg/kg生物素添加组鱼粗脂肪以及1.26mg/kg生物素添加组鱼灰分含量最高,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);水分和粗蛋白含量在各组间无显著差异(P0.05)。0.61mg/kg生物素添加组鱼血清总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白质量浓度显著高于其余各组(P0.05);0.61和1.26mg/kg生物素添加组鱼血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇浓度显著高于对照组(P0.05)。血清过氧化氢酶与超氧化物歧化酶活性分别以0.07和0.31mg/kg生物素添加组最大,均显著高于对照组(P0.05);0.03~0.31mg/kg生物素添加组血清丙二醛浓度均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加生物素可提高吉富罗非鱼生长性能,改善饲料利用效率,吉富罗非鱼幼鱼饲料生物素适宜需要量为0.08mg/kg。     

Detection of ribosomal RNA genes by chemiluminescence inSolanum tuberosum L.: a rapid and non-radioactive technique for the characterisation of potato germplasm

Summary The characterisation of potato germplasm is important for the exploitation of this crop, and DNA techniques are playing an increasingly important role as valuable tools in the evaluation of agronomic characters. The rapid, non-radioactive detection of the ribosomal RNA gene fragments which identify restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in two cultivars ofSolanum tuberosum L. is described.     

圆环病毒攻击下生物素添加水平对仔猪细胞免疫及生产性能的影响

将28d断奶、圆环病毒(PVC2)抗体阴性的(杜×长×大)三元杂交仔猪54头,平均分为6组,每组9头,单笼饲养。试验第1天全部猪口鼻接种圆环病毒,在玉米-豆粕型基础日粮中分别添加生物素0、0.10、0.20、0.30、0.40mg/kg和0.50mg/kg,以确定PCV2攻击下,仔猪饲粮生物素添加水平对细胞免疫及生产性能的影响。结果表明:饲粮中添加生物素0.30mg/kg,仔猪外周血E总花环形成率和T淋巴细胞转化率较高,并可促进外周淋巴器官维持正常形态、提高胸腺生长指数;添加0.50mg/kg提高生产性能的效果最佳。由本试验可得出,添加生物素可促进仔猪淋巴器官生长和细胞免疫反应并能提高生产性能,以添加0.30mg/kg的效果较好。     

油桐生物素羧基载体蛋白编码基因VfBCCP的克隆与表达分析

油桐(Vernicia fordii)属于大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)油桐属植物,原产于我国,是世界上著名的木本工业油料树种.其种子榨出的桐油是品质最好的天然干性油之一.桐油具有干燥快、抗酸碱、耐冷热、防腐蚀等特性,作为重要的工业用油广泛应用于制造涂料、高级油墨、增塑剂、医药以及化学试剂等行业(黄挺,2001;Brown et al.,2005).同时油桐作为生物柴油原料树种具有良好的应用前景(钱能志等,2007;Shang et al.,2010;Chen et al.,2010).在油桐种子生长发育过程中,7月为桐油的缓慢形成期,7月底到9月初为桐油的迅速累积期,而9月初至10月中旬为桐油累积完成期(王汉涛等,1985).     

饲粮生物素水平对团头鲂幼鱼肠道消化酶活性、胴体组成及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

选择初重为201±001 g团头鲂幼鱼720尾,分别饲喂生物素添加量为0,002,005,016,062和249 mg·kg-1等氮等能的纯化饲料,研究饲料中添加生物素对团头鲂幼鱼肠道消化酶活力、胴体组成及肝脏抗氧化的影响。结果表明: 团头鲂幼鱼肠道脂肪酶和蛋白酶活力随生物素含量的升高呈现先增加后下降的变化,它们分别在生物素含量为062和016 mg·kg-1时达到最大值。饲料生物素含量为016 mg·kg-1组的团头鲂幼鱼与对照组相比具有较低的水分和较高的粗脂肪、粗蛋白含量,差异显著(P<005)。饲料中生物素含量从0上升至005 mg·kg-1时,GSH含量,GSH Px、SOD活性显著升高,差异显著(P<005);当其含量进一步升高至249 mg·kg-1时,三者均无显著变化(P>005)。综上所述,饲料中添加适宜浓度生物素可以提高团头鲂幼鱼肠道脂肪、蛋白质的消化能力,胴体粗脂肪和粗蛋白含量及肝脏抗氧化能力。     

Wheat Substitutions in Hexaploid Triticale*

Crosses between octoploid and hexaploid triticales have been made m breeding programs for several years, From an analysis of the progeny of such crosses where selections for an octoploid-like phenotype had been made, it was established that 149 out of 150 lines were hexaploid in chromosome number, C-banding and in situ hybridization demonstrated that all but five of the 62 lines analyzed in detail contained visible chromosomes or segments from the D genome. Only four lines had D-genome chromosome replacing rye chromosomes. All of the remaining 53 D-genome substitutions involved the replacing of wheat chromosomes from either the A or B genomes. This establishes the ease with which D-genome genes can be placed into triticale without the loss of rye chromosomes.     

Estimation of dietary biotin requirement of Japanese seabass,Lateolabrax japonicus C.

A 9‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the dietary biotin requirement of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus C. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets (Diets 1–6) containing 0, 0.01, 0.049, 0.247, 1.238 and 6.222 mg biotin kg^?1 diet were fed twice daily to triplicate groups (30 fish per group) of fish (initial average weight 2.26 ± 0.03 g) in 18 fibreglass tanks (300 L) filled with 250 L of water in a flow‐through system. Water flow rate through each tank was 2 L min^?1. Water temperature ranged from 25.0 to 28.0 °C, salinity from 28.0 to 29.5 g L^?1, pH from 8.0 to 8.1 and dissolved oxygen content was approximately 7 mg L^?1 during the experiment. After the feeding experiment, fish fed Diet 1 developed severe biotin deficiency syndromes characterized by anorexia, poor growth, dark skin colour, atrophy and high mortality. Significant lower survival (73.3%) was observed in the treatment of deficient biotin. The final weight and weight gain of fish significantly increased with increasing dietary biotin up to 0.049 mg kg^?1 diet (P < 0.05), and then slightly decreased. Both feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio showed a very similar change pattern to that of weight gain. Dietary treatments did not significantly affect carcass crude protein, crude lipid, moisture and ash content. However, liver biotin concentration (0–6.1 μg g^?1) significantly increased with the supplementation of dietary biotin (P < 0.05), and no tissue saturation was found within the supplementation scope of biotin. Broken‐line regression analysis of weight gain showed that juvenile Japanese seabass require a minimum of 0.046 mg kg^?1 biotin for maximal growth.     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism inSolanum spp for the construction of a genetic map ofSolanum tuberosum L.: a preliminary study

Summary When using two restriction enzymes and DNA probes from different sources, high levels of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were observed in Southern blot hybridisation experiments, among 6 di(ha)ploid genotypes ofSolanum tuberosum and some closely related species. In 3 F1 sample populations of 14 individuals each, both heterozygosity and segregation of hybridisation patterns were observed. The non-radioactive biotin-dUTP/SA-AP method for DNA detection on Southern blots proved to be satisfactory and reliable.     

Dietary Biotin Requirement of Fingerling Catla catla (Hamilton) Based on Growth,Feed Conversion Efficiency,and Liver Biotin Concentration

A 12‐wk experiment was conducted to determine the dietary biotin requirement of the fingerling Catla catla (7.9 ± 0.37 cm; 3.5 ± 0.12 g). Eight diets (35% crude protein, 16.72 kJ/g gross energy) with different levels of biotin (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg diet) were fed to triplicate groups of fish to apparent satiation. Highest percent weight gain, protein retention efficiency, and best feed conversion ratio were observed in fish fed 0.5 mg biotin per kg diet. However, fish fed diets containing dietary biotin of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mg/kg did not show significant (P > 0.05) differences compared to those fed on dietary biotin of 0.5 mg/kg. Hematological indices, including hematocrit value, hemoglobin content, and red blood cell counts were found to be directly proportional (P < 0.05) to the dietary biotin levels up to 0.5 mg/kg, beyond which a plateau was recorded. Pyruvate carboxylase activity (PCA) was also found to increase with the incremental levels of dietary biotin up to 0.5 mg/kg and further increasing dietary biotin concentration led to stagnation in PCA of fish. Liver biotin concentrations responded positively (P < 0.05) until saturation, which occurred at 1.0 mg/kg diet. Broken‐line analysis of percent weight gain, protein retention efficiency, PCA, and liver biotin concentrations demonstrated that fingerling C. catla require biotin in the range of 0.41–0.87 mg/kg diet.