Section A. Physiology and Behaviour

An effective live-trap was designed for Cryptomys hottentotus (Bathyergidae) arid Amblysomus hottentotus (Chrysochloridae). Factors involved in the design and adaptability of this trap for use in various field conditions and live capture of other fossorial mammals are discussed.     

狼毒及瑞香狼毒的研究进展

大戟科狼毒含有挥发油成分、萜类、植物甾醇类、蒽醌、鞣质类、苯乙酮、杀虫成分。月腺大戟还分离出了黄酮类化合物;而瑞香狼毒含有木脂素、黄酮类化合物、二萜类化合物、香豆素类化合物、三萜类化合物、甾醇类以及其他成分。大戟科狼毒与瑞香狼毒的生物活性都有抗癌或抗肿瘤、抗茵、抗病毒、抗惊厥、杀虫作用,但二者的作用方式却不同,大戟科狼毒还独有抗白血病作用,而瑞香狼毒独有治疗和预防免疫缺陷的作用。关于狼毒的记载与研究的历史较早,但对于瑞香狼毒与大戟科植物狼毒大戟和月腺大戟的收载比较混乱,因此,对瑞香狼毒与大戟科狼毒在植物形态、生长分布、化学成分研究以及生物活性研究上进行了对比。     

云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞生物学特性分析

为研究云南半细毛羊毛囊干细胞（hair follicle stem cells,HFSCs）的生物学特性,采用组织块法分离培养云南半细毛羊HFSCs,并对其细胞形态、生长动力学、冷冻与复苏、染色体核型等生物学特性进行分析.结果表明：HFSCs为贴壁生长,体积小,核质比高,呈典型的铺路石状,在显微镜下折光性强、胞体透亮.细胞生长曲线为“S”型.冻存前细胞活率98.2％,复苏后细胞活率96.4％.染色体中正常二倍体数目2n=54,其中,长染色体中有3对为中着丝点染色体,23对为端着丝点染色体,X染色体为最大的近端着丝点染色体,Y染色体为最小的亚中着丝点染色体.所得细胞呈现典型的HFSCs特征,细胞活性好,细胞系为稳定的二倍体细胞系.     

外来物种对中国林业的影响浅谈

阐述松突圆蚧、柳心叶甲、美国白蛾、松材线虫、紫茎泽兰、薇甘菊、互花米草、松针红斑病菌等外来物种的为害对象,以及其入侵给我国林业生态、经济带来的危害,分析外来入侵种的特点,提出相应的防治措施。     

Insights into the Toxicological Properties of a Low Molecular Weight Fraction from Zoanthus sociatus (Cnidaria)

The phylum Cnidaria is an ancient group of venomous animals, specialized in the production and delivery of toxins. Many species belonging to the class Anthozoa have been studied and their venoms often contain a group of peptides, less than 10 kDa, that act upon ion channels. These peptides and their targets interact with high affinity producing neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects, and even death, depending on the dose and the administration pathway. Zoanthiniaria is an order of the Subclass Hexacorallia, class Anthozoa, and unlike sea anemone (order Actiniaria), neither its diversity of toxins nor the in vivo effects of the venoms has been exhaustively explored. In this study we assessed some toxicological tests on mice with a low molecular weight fraction obtained by gel filtration in Sephadex G-50 from Zoanthus sociatus crude extract. The gel filtration chromatogram at 280 nm revealed two major peaks, the highest absorbance corresponding to the low molecular weight fraction. The toxicological effects seem to be mostly autonomic and cardiotoxic, causing death in a dose dependent manner with a LD₅₀ of 792 μg/kg. Moreover, at a dose of 600 μg/kg the active fraction accelerated the KCl-induced lethality in mice.     

Internal parasites of possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) from Kawau Island,Chatham Island and Stewart Island

As part of a search for pathogens that might be useful agents for biological control of possums, the three largest offshore islands of New Zealand that still have possums were surveyed to determine the pathogens present in these isolated populations. Brushtail possums from Kawau Island (n = 158), Chatham Island (n = 214) and Stewart Island (n = 194) were examined for internal parasites.

Possums from Kawau Island were infected with Eimeria spp. (16.7%), Bertiella trichosuri (5.2%) and Parastrongyloides trichosuri (15.5%). No Paraustrostrongylus trichosuri or Trichostrongylus spp. were found. Possums from Chatham Island were infected with Eimeria spp. (10.9%). Bertiella trichosuri (3.6%), T. colubriformis (6.6%), T. retortaeformis (1%) and T. vitrinus (0.5%). No Parastrongyloides or Paraustrostrongylus spp. were found. Possums from Stewart Island were infected only with Eimeria spp. (4.6%).

Because of their paucity of some parasites, the opportunity exists to use these offshore islands to study the introduction and spread of a parasite into a possum population, and what technology would be required to bring it to hyperendemicity.     

木薯高产栽培技术

福建省明溪县适宜木薯生长,是木薯的主产区.该文总结了木薯的生物学特性以及高产栽培技术.     

长白山蜂胶的生物活性分析

对长白山蜂胶的抗氧化、抗疲劳和抑菌能力进行了分析.结果表明,该蜂胶清除羟基、DPPH和超氧阴离子3种自由基的能力随其浓度的增大而增强;蜂胶可显著延长小鼠游泳、爬杆力竭时间,小鼠的肝糖原和肌糖原储备显著增加,血乳酸变化幅度很小;蜂胶对细菌的抑制作用明显强于真菌,对9种细菌的最小抑制浓度MIC为25～1 600 μg/mL.长白山蜂胶具有较强的生物活性.