高脂饲料中胆汁酸水平对齐口裂腹鱼肠道组织结构及脂肪代谢酶活性的影响

为探索高脂饲料中添加胆汁酸对齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道组织结构及几种脂肪代谢酶活性的影响,以360尾初始体质量为(12.74±0.14)g的健康齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼为实验对象,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾实验鱼,分别投喂添加了0、75、150和300mg/kg胆汁酸的4种实验饲料,养殖时间为70 d。结果显示,胆汁酸浓度从0增大到75 mg/kg时,齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度显著升高,前肠皱襞宽度显著降低。而当胆汁酸浓度再进一步增大时,实验鱼前肠和中肠管壁厚度及肠绒毛高度则升高不明显,其皱襞宽度也降低不显著。未添加胆汁酸的实验组中齐口裂腹鱼前肠和中肠纹状缘畸形或脱落现象严重,随着胆汁酸添加量的增加,逐渐减少至消失。齐口裂腹鱼肠道中脂肪酶(LPS)及肝胰脏中脂蛋白酯酶(LPL)、肝酯酶(HL)和总酯酶(TL)活性均随胆汁酸添加量的增加而呈先升高后趋于稳定的变化趋势。且LPS、LPL活性均在胆汁酸添加量为300 mg/kg时最强(分别为2881.17 U/g和14.43 U/mg prot);HL、TL活性则在胆汁酸添加量为150 mg/kg时活性最强(分别为43.70和58.03 U/mg prot)。但LPS、LPL、HL和TL活性在150与300mg/kg组均无显著差异。研究表明,在饲料中添加75~150 mg/kg的外源胆汁酸能提高齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼脂肪代谢酶的活性,促进对饲料脂肪的代谢和利用,还能改善齐口裂腹鱼幼鱼肠道结构,保护肠道健康。     

Effect of dietary bile extracts on serum response of astaxanthin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a preliminary study

Effects of porcine bile extracts added at three different dietary concentrations 0, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 were studied on astaxanthin serum concentration in rainbow trout (mean weight 200 ± 7 g). Astaxanthin from micro‐algae Haematococcus pluvialis and synthetic astaxanthin (CAROPHYLL® pink) were incorporated in diets of rainbow trout at a rate of 100 mg astaxanthin kg^?1 of feed. Fish were hand fed twice a day. After 5 days of feeding there was a significant effect of the pigment source on the ratio (total blood astaxanthin per unit body weight to cumulative astaxanthin intake per unit body weight). Trout receiving synthetic astaxanthin showed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher ratio than trout fed algal astaxanthin. Increasing dietary bile extract did not lead to produce any effect on this ratio. The power of the statistical analysis is discussed. Therefore, the interaction (pigment source × dietary bile concentration) showed no more effect.     

大豆黄酮、脱脂乳对猪源芽孢乳杆菌S1耐受酸和胆盐的影响

通过体外实验研究了大豆黄酮和脱脂乳对芽孢乳杆菌S1在不同pH值和不同浓度胆盐下存活能力的影响。结果表明, 与对照组相比, 添加 10mg·mL-1的脱脂乳显著提高了S1在pH分别为 2 6、3 7条件下的存活数量, 并且也能显著提高S1在 1、2和 3mg·mL-1胆盐浓度条件下的存活数量, 说明脱脂乳对S1有显著的保护作用。添加 50mg·L-1的大豆黄酮也显著提高S1耐胆盐的能力, 但对S1耐受酸能力有负效应。     

狐胆汁中结合型胆汁酸成分的 RP-HPLC 检测1）

以蓝狐（ Alopex lagopus）胆囊胆汁为实验材料,采用正交试验建立了测定狐胆汁中结合型胆汁酸成分的高效液相色谱分析法。结果表明,采用Hypersil BDS C18（4．6 mm×250 mm,5μm）为色谱柱,V（甲醇）∶V（30 mmol/L磷酸二氢钾）＝70∶30的溶液（pH＝3．8）为流动相进行等度洗脱,流速为1．0 mL/min,检测波长为205 nm,柱温为25℃。测得狐胆汁中含有牛磺胆酸和牛磺鹅去氧胆酸,它们的峰面积比分别为35．05％和9．23％,不含牛磺熊去氧胆酸。各组分在3．33～10 g/L范围内具有良好的线性关系。本方法具有简单快速、分离效果好、重复性好等优点,可以用来分析狐胆汁中结合型胆汁酸。     

延边地区黑熊无管取胆的发展趋势

阐述了延边地区黑熊无管取胆的简史、种类、关键技术、采胆技术等,并指出无痛无管取胆的前景.     

熊胆的药用与替代

活熊取胆的社会舆论压力越来越大,但熊胆能否在传统医药中被取代却论证不足.通过调查和对比发现,许多动物都有替代熊的潜力.这些动物的胆汁无论是药用功能还是活性成分,都与熊胆汁有很大的相似性.     

翘嘴鲌肝脏的显微和超微结构研究

光镜观察发现,翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)肝脏浆膜较薄,边缘肝细胞排列紧密,肝小叶不明显,肝血窦相互交织成网络状,可见枯否氏细胞,偶见双核肝细胞.肝实质中有极少量胰腺组织分布.肝内血管系统由小叶间静脉、小叶间动脉、肝血窦、中央静脉、支静脉和肝叶中央静脉组成,肝叶中央静脉特别发达,贯穿整条肝叶,管壁较薄,由内皮和结缔组织组成.胆管系统由胆小管、小叶内胆管、小叶间胆管、支胆管和肝叶中央胆管组成,其中支胆管和肝叶中央胆管特别发达,肝叶中央胆管与肝叶中央静脉伴行,管壁较厚,分为3层,内层由单层高柱状上皮和固有膜组成,中层由环形平滑肌组成,外层由结缔组织组成.电镜观察发现,翘嘴鲌肝细胞无明显的双态现象,常染色质充满整个细胞核,核仁大而明显.胞质中分布有丰富的核糖体和发达的内质网,线粒体特别丰富,内嵴发达,可见次级溶酶体和髓样小体,髓样小体周围有较多线粒体环绕,糖原颗粒丰富,但脂滴较少.肝细胞近狄氏间隙面和近胆小管面突起形成较多微绒毛,高尔基复合体靠近胆小管区域分布,说明肝细胞具有旺盛的吸收、合成和分泌能力.     

鱼类胆汁的应用

从鱼类胆汁的成分、代谢、毒性及应用等方面进行综述,提出鱼类胆汁可用于促进动物生长、抗菌消炎、疾病检测及治疗、水环境监测等领域,但其毒性问题也应引起相应重视,以达到合理利用的目的。     

梅花鹿的胆汁酸成分分析

本文采用色谱——质谱——计算机联用仪测定了鹿胆汁水解物的胆汁酸成分,从色谱分离出的7种组份中鉴定出二种胆汁酸成分,其他组份正在分离鉴定中。     

Analytical performance and method comparison of a quantitative point-of-care immunoassay for measurement of bile acids in cats and dogs

Point-of-care analyzers (POCAs) for quantitative assessment of bile acids (BAs) are scarce in veterinary medicine. We evaluated the Fuji Dri-Chem Immuno AU10V analyzer and v-BA test kit (Fujifilm) for detection of feline and canine total serum BA concentration. Results were compared with a 5th-generation assay as reference method and a 3rd-generation assay, both run on a bench-top analyzer. Analytical performance was assessed at 3 different concentration ranges, and with interferences. For method comparison, samples of 60 healthy and diseased cats and 64 dogs were included. Linearity was demonstrated for a BA concentration up to 130 µmol/L in cats (r = 0.99) and 110 µmol/L in dogs (r = 0.99). The analyzer showed high precision near the lower limit of quantification of 2 µmol/L reported by the manufacturer. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were < 5% for both species and all concentrations. Interferences were observed for bilirubin (800 mg/L) and lipid (4 g/L). There was excellent correlation with the reference method for feline (r_s = 0.98) and canine samples (r_s = 0.97), with proportional biases of 6.7% and −1.3%, respectively. However, a large bias (44.1%) was noted when the POCA was compared to the 3rd-generation assay. Total observed error was less than total allowable error at the 3 concentrations. The POCA reliably detected feline and canine BA in clinically relevant concentrations.