中国华北地区瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性及抗药突变株生物学性状研究

为明确中国华北地区瓜类尖孢镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum Schl.对咪鲜胺的抗药性现状及抗药突变株的生物学性状,采用菌丝生长速率法,分别测定了采自北京、山东、河北等地未使用过咪鲜胺的112株瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性,并通过药剂驯化的方法获得尖孢镰刀菌抗咪鲜胺突变株。结果表明:咪鲜胺对112株瓜类尖孢镰刀菌的平均EC50值为（0.030 1±0.030 4）μg/mL,菌株频率呈连续单峰曲线分布,未发现敏感性明显下降的亚群体,因此,可将该EC50值作为瓜类尖孢镰刀菌对咪鲜胺的敏感基线。药剂驯化共获得7株抗咪鲜胺突变株,其抗性倍数介于6.2~26.8之间;突变株在菌丝生长速率、菌丝干重和致病力等方面均明显低于亲本菌株,差异显著;仅突变株HG13052701-R1的抗药性可以稳定遗传,其他6株抗咪鲜胺突变株的抗药性均不能稳定遗传。室内交互抗性测定结果表明,咪鲜胺仅与戊唑醇之间有交互抗性,与多菌灵和齅霉灵之间均无交互抗性关系。研究表明,瓜类尖孢镰刀菌在药剂选择压下可以形成抗咪鲜胺群体,具有低等抗药性风险。     

Harmonic radar: efficacy at detecting and recovering insects on agricultural host plants

BACKGROUND: In pest management research, harmonic radar systems have been largely used to study insect movement across open or vegetation‐poor areas because the microwave signal is attenuated by the high water content of vegetation. This study evaluated whether the efficacy of this technology is sufficient to track insects in vegetative landscapes. RESULTS: Field efficacy data were collected using portable harmonic microwave radar and electronic dipole tags mounted on adults of three economically important pests: Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), Diabrotica virginifera virginifera (LeComte) and Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst. Detection and recovery of tagged Colorado potato beetles, plum curculios and western corn rootworms was high within and among potato plants, moderate within apple trees and high within, but not between, corn plants respectively. The efficacy of the radar depends on the ability of the operator to move around the host, scanning for a signal ‘sightline’ with the tagged insect among plant structures. CONCLUSION: The detection rate of tagged insects by harmonic radar systems is high enough to track the walking path of pests through low row crops such as potato, tall row crops such as corn or tall but well‐separated trees of orchard‐type crops by adapting the scanning procedure to the vegetative architecture. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Ltd     

PP333对夏季草地早熟禾形态特征及生理特性的影响

用60 mg/m2PP333处理,能有效地抑制草地早熟禾的植株高度,促进分蘖,提高根冠比,减轻夏季高温后的枯黄程度;降低质膜差别透性(PMP),显著提高叶绿素、蛋白质含量和叶片相对含水量(RWC),并能增强草地早熟禾抗夏季高温胁迫的能力,改善坪用性状,是安全越夏的有效措施。     

车前草穗枯病研究Ⅱ.病原菌生物学特性

对车前草穗枯病菌菌丝生长条件和人工诱导产孢进行系列试验,结果表明菌丝生长适宜温度15～30℃,最适25℃;适宜pH值4.01～7.02,最适4.98;不同碳源对菌丝生长有一定影响,以蔗糖最佳;光照对菌丝生长影响不大。产孢试验表明,PDA及其他各种培养基上不能产生子座、分生孢子器和分生孢子,采用光暗交替、变温处理、紫外线照射和菌丝切割等多种方法也不能产生,而用灭菌的车前草叶片和穗轴接种培养,便可获得成功产孢,但产生的子座比自然病株上的明显偏大,分生孢子器及分生孢子则差异不明显。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病河北野毒株的分离研究

采用血清学方法、鸡胚培养、病理组织学检查方法,从河北省不同年份鸡ＩＢＤ免疫鸡群中分离和鉴定了ＨＥ９３,ＨＧ９６,ＸＮ９８和ＨＱ９９ ４个毒株,４个毒株回归鸡的死亡率分别为５０％,４０％,０％和１０％,从年份上看,ＩＢＤＶ毒力有逐渐减弱的趋势。接种鸡胚并传代,前２个毒株均在第一代时鸡胚全部死亡,且出现典型的鸡胚病变,而后２个毒株,初代培养鸡胚不死亡,当传至第４代才出现大部分死亡和鸡胚病变。ＨＥ９３、     

河南大尾寒羊体重生长特性的研究

应用VonBertalanffy、Gompertz、logistic、幂函数非线性生长模型对河南大尾寒羊的生长进行了拟合,Gom-pertz和logistic方程能很好地反映河南大尾寒羊的生长特点。本品种具有较好的早熟性;粗放的饲养管理可导致羔羊断奶后体增重急剧减慢;利用回归方程计算的母羊适宜初配日龄为211￣240d。     

甘肃河西五种甘草属植物的植物学特性及药用价值研究

为探索5种甘草属植物在甘肃河西地区的生态适应性及药用价值,以栽培甘草、胀果甘草、光果甘草、刺果甘草及黄甘草为研究对象,对其植物学特性及根部甘草酸、甘草苷含量进行比较研究。结果表明,在甘肃河西地区栽培的5种甘草属植物学特性差异明显;刺果甘草主茎高、小叶数及地上部分鲜重最高,黄甘草居最低水平;甘草根长显著高于其他4个种,但根部鲜重与光果甘草、胀果甘草及刺果甘草无显著差异;甘草酸、甘草苷含量均为3年生比2年生显著增加;3年生根中甘草酸含量除刺果甘草含量最低,其他4个种均达到药典标准,而甘草苷含量则只有甘草达到药典标准。综合各农艺性状和活性成分指标,认为在甘肃河西荒漠化地区,甘草具有较好的生态适应性,可作为甘草药材的基源植物推广种植,而刺果甘草则可作为河西地区重要的防风固沙作物。     

2008～2011年眉山市狂犬病流行病学调查及分析

为了分析眉山市狂犬病流行特点,提出防控对策,控制狂犬病发生,笔者针对眉山市及所辖区县上报的2008～2011年狂犬病临床病例进行了流行病学调查与分析。     

高寒草甸根系分布特征及与土壤温湿度关系的研究

植被根系的分布特征是其适应和改变环境能力的体现,研究植被根系对草地生态系统的可持续发展有重要意义。本研究以怒江源区那曲流域不同海拔梯度的高寒草甸作为研究对象,采用微根管技术探讨根系的分布特征,并分析其与环境因子的关系。结果表明：高寒草甸根系对季节变化响应敏感,约有80%的根系分布在0～25 cm的土层,且分布较均匀,细根在土壤中所占比例随土壤深度增加而增大;进一步分析发现,海拔越高,根系越往土壤较浅层分布,特征参数呈现降低趋势。冗余分析表明,土壤温湿度呈正相关关系时,两者主要通过影响根径大于0.5 mm的根来影响根系参数;呈负相关关系时,根系在土壤表层对土壤温度的变化更为敏感。     

Effects of feeding different levels of concentrate on growth and carcass characteristics in younger Japanese Black cattle

The effects of a higher concentrate feed during the raising period on the growth and carcass of Japanese Black cattle being fattened at a younger age were investigated using three pairs of artificially bred identical twins and three pairs of full‐sibs. The animals were fed the concentrate at 2.4%/day (2.4% group) and 1.2%/day (1.2% group) comparative bodyweight (BW) during the raising period. The BW and subcutaneous fat thickness were measured every month using ultrasonic equipment. The animals were slaughtered at the age of 24 months. The BW of the 2.4% group from the age of 6–10 months appeared to be higher than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). The subcutaneous fat of the 2.4% group from the age of 7–11 months was thicker than that of the 1.2% group (P < 0.1). After those ages, the BW and subcutaneous fat of the two groups did not differ and there was no difference in the carcass characteristics between the two groups. Using a higher concentrate feed during the raising period for younger fattening of Japanese Black cattle influenced growth from the late half of the raising period to the early part of the fattening period.