技术性贸易壁垒下出口水产品监管思路的探讨

本文概述了近年来中国水产品的出口贸易现状及面临的主要技术性贸易壁垒,并从环境因素、企业自律及监管体系等不同角度对出口水产品召回/通报原因进行了详要分析,并针对具体原因提出了拓展性建议。     

科尔沁沙地活沙障对土壤种子库的影响

选取科尔沁沙地不同生长年限活沙障,调查并测定了土壤种子库的种类组成、密度以及物种多样性等特征。结果表明:(1)仅有封育措施时,流动沙丘没有物种存在。建活沙障后,7年和5年样地的行间和行下物种种类比生长3年样地多,1年生植物逐年增多。(2)随沙障生长年限延长,土壤种子库中种子密度表现出逐年增多的趋势。(3)在物种多样性和相似性方面,建活沙障的样地变化趋势不明显。封育3年后的流动沙丘无物种多样性,与其他样地相比相似性系数为零。(4)建活沙障后,各样地在物种种类和种子数方面逐年增多,认为建黄柳和羊柴网格状活沙障可以达到治理沙丘的目的。     

古尔班通古特沙漠草方格沙障对土壤养分的影响

以古尔班通古特沙漠引水工程沿线草方格沙障设置区域为研究对象,分析了不同铺设年限草方格沙障对表层土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的影响。结果表明,铺设草方格沙障可提高土壤有机质、速效氮、速效钾的含量,其中速效氮和速效钾含量增加趋势最显著(P<0.05),但对速效磷含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。土壤养分含量随草方格沙障铺设时间延长而逐渐增加,但达到一定阶段后趋于平缓。本研究结果说明,草方格沙障对土壤定向培育呈现为正向反馈,为采用草方格促进工程沿线生态恢复和重建提供了理论支撑。     

人工林对土壤地力的影响过程及其调控研究进展

土壤是支撑人工林健康生长的基础资源,是营养物质转化和生物多样性保护的主要场所。目前,我国人工林经营中土壤地力衰退问题突出,是制约我国林业生产可持续经营、增大生态安全屏障脆弱性的重要因素。因此,有必要深入认识和理解人工林对土壤地力的影响过程,同时开发保障人工林健康和初级生产力的关键调控技术。本文从土壤物理化学环境、土壤生物群落特性及功能等方面,系统论述了人工林土壤地力的维持机制,重点探讨了林龄结构、林分密度、树种类型等影响人工林地力的地下生态学过程。未来需要关注环境变化下人工林土壤理化性质与生物学性质的耦合机制。现阶段大面积人工林土壤病原菌积累特征不清,土壤病害影响人工林健康的障碍机理也亟待揭示。因此,今后需进一步量化林木健康、土壤生物以及环境之间的互作关系模型,形成从造林配置、过程经营、症状诊断及土壤地力调控等全方位的人工林健康定向调控体系,保障人工林可持续、多目标经营。     

大豆根茬腐解液对大豆生长发育的自感效应

:通过水培试验和室内分析相结合的方法研究了大豆根茬腐解液对大豆种子萌发和生长发育的影响。结果表明 :与对照相比 ,根茬腐解液显著地抑制了大豆种子的萌发 ,使胚根长度降低达 4 1 79% ;根茬腐解液抑制了大豆的根系活力 ,根系活跃吸收面积也下降。同时 ,根茬腐解液使大豆植株的生物膜稳定性、保护系统受到破坏 ,表现在叶片的相对电导率增加     

Environmental correlates of Eurasian lynx occurrence in Poland - Large scale census and GIS mapping

Based on data from the National Lynx Census, carried out in Poland in 2000-2001, and using Geographic Information System, we analysed nine habitat characteristics in 56 circular sample plots (113 km² each), where lynx (Lynx lynx) have been recorded, and 118 plots with no signs of their presence. In plots with lynx the forest cover (on average 68%) was two times higher and the forest fragmentation lower than in plots with no lynx records. The plots with and without lynx differed significantly also in the number of villages and towns, length of main motorways and railways. Lynx occurrence was negatively associated to human settlements and transportation infrastructure. Logistic regression analysis showed that sufficient forest cover (>40%) and the short straight-line distance to the eastern or southern border of Poland (as a proxy of the distance to a more contiguous range of lynx in Europe) are the two most important variables explaining lynx distribution. We conclude that, in Poland, increase of forest fragmentation and transportation infrastructure may become important threats to lynx populations.     

Are roads and railroads barriers to bumblebee movement in a temperate suburban conservation area?

We investigated how habitat fragmentation affects the movement of marked bumblebees between plant patches in a temperate conservation area in metropolitan Boston, Massachusetts. Our study was conducted on populations of sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia L. f.) separated by a road and natural woodland, and buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis L.) separated by a railroad. Bumblebees showed high site fidelity and only rarely crossed roads or railroads. When bees captured at one sweet pepperbush population were moved across a road to a new sweet pepperbush population and released, they returned to their original site, some within 20 min of their capture. When all inflorescences were removed from one sweet pepperbush patch, most bees moved to another sweet pepperbush population on the same side of the road. The results show that while bumblebees have the ability to cross a road and railroad, these human structures may restrict bumblebee movement and act to fragment plant populations because of the innate site fidelity displayed by foraging bees. Moreover, marked bees were almost never observed to move between populations unless they were displaced, or forced to seek additional forage sites.     

无籽西瓜种子萌发障碍及萌发技术概述

三倍体无籽西瓜种子发芽率低是影响无籽西瓜生产的主要因素,探索无籽西瓜种子促萌发技术显得尤为重要。概述了无籽西瓜种子萌发的生理障碍,同时简述了浸种、破壳、种子引发及药剂处理等几项促进种子萌发的技术。     

重庆市农民工回乡创业政策支持体系研究

通过对重庆市璧山县青杠街道、荣昌县昌州街道、武隆县火炉镇的回乡创业农民工的实地调研,分析重庆市农民工回乡创业的制度障碍,提出建构农民工回乡创业的政策支持体系。     

辽宁省丹东地区中低产土壤分析

改造中低产田土壤是挖掘土地生产潜力,促进农业均衡生产的重要战略措施。