Vegetative Endocarditis Associated with Escherichia coli in a Dromedary Camel

Veterinary Research Communications -     

A Survey of the Literature (1995–1999) on the Kinetics of Drugs in Camels (Camelus dromedarius)

Recent publications dealing mainly with the kinetics of antiparasitic and antibacterial agents, NSAIDs, and other drugs in camels are briefly reviewed. The kinetic data for most of these drugs indicated that they have longer absorption and elimination half-lives and slower systemic clearance in the camel compared to other animals. This corroborates earlier reports that suggested that the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes and the capacity to biotransform and eliminate xenobiotics is lower in camels than in other ruminants. There is a clear need to establish basic kinetic data for the camel in order to avoid extrapolation of drug dosage regimens and withdrawal times from data for other animals, as this may result in irrational use of drugs in camels.     

Camel Kidney Ferritin: Isolation and Partial Characterization

Camel kidney ferritin was isolated from a tissue homogenate by thermal denaturation, ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration and DEAE-blue gel affinity chromatography. The yield and the iron and neutral carbohydrate contents were 0.012 mg/g wet tissue, 4.0% and 2.7%, respectively. The phosphate:iron ratio was 0.13, twofold lower than that reported for camel liver ferritin. Native gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of a monomeric ferritin. SDS gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting showed two types of subunits, heavy and light, contrary to the extensive heterogeneity observed in camel liver ferritin. In general, the tissue ferritins shared a similar amino acid composition. However, a twofold lower glycine and an eightfold higher arginine content were recorded for camel kidney ferritin. In addition, kidney ferritin had a relatively high content of glutamic acid. Cross-reactivity studies by Ouchterlony double diffusion and noncompetitive indirect ELISA revealed a distinct cross-reactivity between buffalo ferritin antiserum and camel liver ferritin, but camel liver ferritin showed only weak cross-reactivity.     

双峰驼跗关节解剖

解剖成年双峰驼跗关节８个，结果发现双峰驼跗关节在形态结构方面有以下显著特征：１．中央跗骨不与第四跗骨融合；２．距骨近端具嵴状滑车，远端具髁状滑车，近端滑车的嵴和沟向前内侧倾斜，与矢状面间的夹角为１０°，远端滑车的髁和沟朝向正前方，双重滑车结构使跗关节伸屈运动范围加大，并能进行一定程度的侧向运动，这是骆驼驮载重物时能够自由起卧的重要原因之一；３．具有跟踱外侧韧带，而牛马均缺如；４．跗关节外侧短韧带从外侧踝达于跟骨，牛的从外侧踝至距骨，马的则从外侧踝达跟骨和距骨；５．跗背侧韧带位于内侧面，形成内侧侧副韧带之一部分。     

双峰驼肝的形态结构研究

用光镜与电镜研究了我国３５例双峰驼肝的解剖与组织结构。肝略呈三角形，体大，重达８～１２ｋｇ，其外观和马肝相似，都分为左叶、右叶和中叶（包括方叶和尾叶），但脏面有不少沟裂。组织上肝也由肝小叶组成。肝细胞浆中常有胆红素颗粒。肝被膜厚似脾并向内伸入。小叶周围区的结缔组织不多，但在门管区的小叶间动脉、静脉和胆管外周，结缔组织则形成厚鞘。小叶下静脉壁也有大量胶原纤维束。小叶内肝实质的支持组织包括狄氏间隙的网状纤维和中央静脉近周的胶原纤维束。电镜发现，窦状隙内皮细胞衬里层较厚，细胞浆中线粒体很少，而吞饮泡和微丝、微管却相当多。狄氏间隙明显。肝细胞含大量细胞器和内含物。作者还发现肝细胞群中有滑面内质网较多的“明细胞”，推测这种细胞同白蛋白的合成有关。     

Comparison of the Standard AGID Test and Competitive ELISA for Detecting Bluetongue Virus Antibodies in Camels in Gujarat,India

The performance of the standard agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test and the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) for the detection of serum antibody against bluetongue virus (BTV) in clinically healthy and diseased camels in Gujarat state were compared. Out of 176 sera tested, 22 (12.5%) and 34 (19.3%) were positive for group-specific bluetongue antibodies by AGID and cELISA, respectively. Maximum seropositivities of 18.0% by AGID and 25.8% by cELISA were recorded in the Kutchhi breed, and of 6.9% and 12.6%, respectively, in the Marwari breed. The seroprevalence detected by AGID and cELISA in clinically healthy and diseased camels did not differ significantly with regard to bluetongue disease in these breeds.     

双峰驼肝脏CYP3A亚酶活性的初步研究

CYP3A亚酶参与45%~60%常用药物的生物转化,在机体处置外源性物质的过程中发挥着重要作用。为了探讨双峰驼肝脏CYP3A亚酶活性,采用改进的钙离子沉淀法制备肝微粒悬液,并借助生物化学方法对双峰驼CYP3A亚酶活性进行了初步研究。结果表明,钙离子沉淀法制备的双峰驼肝微粒体蛋白含量为(1.541±0.264)mg/mL,CYP总酶含量为(0.412±0.063)nmol/mg,红霉素-N-脱甲基酶的活性为(1.159±0.001)nmol/(mg·min)。以上研究结果为今后借助探针药物检测双峰驼CYP3A亚酶的体外代谢活性的深入研究奠定了基础。     

The ability ofStomoxys calcitrans and mechanical means to transmitTrypanosoma (brucei) evansi from goats to camels in Kenya

Stomoxys calcitrans failed to transmitTrypanosoma (b.) evansi from infected goats to other goats or camels, but the trypanosomal infection was transmitted by needle prick from infected goats to camels.Abbreviations HCT haematocrit concentration technique     

Genital Abnormalities of the Female Dromedary (Camelus dromedurius). An Abattoir Survey

Contents: Post-mortem examination of 1048 nonpregnant genital organs of female camels revealed gross abnormalities in 22 (2.1%). Ovarian abnormalities included bilateral hypoplasia (0.1%), ovarian teratomas (0.4%) and follicular cysts (0.9%). Segmental aplasia of the cervix with cystic dilation of the uterine horns was noted in 8 specimens (0.8%). Out of 467 pregnant genital organs examined left hydrosalpinx was observed in one organ .
Inhalt: Genitale Anomalien beim weiblichen Dromedar (camelus dromedarius). Eine Schlachthofstudie
Bei einer Untersuchung von 1048 Genitalorganen von nichttrachtigen, geschlachteten, weiblichen Kamelen wurden in 22 Fällen (2,1%) morphologische Anomalien festgestellt. Ovaranomalien bestanden in bilateraler Hypoplasie (0,1%), Teratome (0,4%) und Follikelzysten (0,9%). Segmentale Aplasie der Cervix mit zystischer Veergräβerung der Uterushörner wurden in 8 Fällen (0,s%) gefunden. Von 467 trächtigen Genitalorganen wurde nur in einem Fall eine linksseitige Hydrosalpinx beobachtet .     

双峰驼肾近曲小管和远曲小管的体视学研究

应用光镜和电镜技术,测算了双峰驼肾近曲小管和远曲小管微细结构的体视学参数,并与黄牛进行了比较.结果显示,双峰驼肾近曲小管刷状缘体积、微绒毛表面积、吞饮小泡和溶酶体体积均显著大于黄牛;远曲小管上皮细胞的线粒体体密度、侧基底面质膜面密度和周界长度也明显大于黄牛.这些结构的差异表明,双峰驼肾脏重吸收水分的能力更强大.