建立双峰骆驼自然保护区的思考

从世界双峰驼和我国双峰驼养殖数量的变化趋势着手,结合我国生态保护政策,分析了如何保护我国双峰驼资源的问题,并提出了在双峰驼核心产区建立双峰驼自然保护区的建议。     

灌胃不同奶样对BALB/c小鼠致敏性的影响

本试验研究了驼奶、牛奶和人奶对BALB/c小鼠的致敏性强弱,将60只小鼠随机分为5组,每组12只,分别为β-乳球蛋白（β-lg）组（阳性对照组）、牛奶组、驼奶组、人奶组和空白组（阴性对照组）,每组分别灌胃1 mg/g体重的样品和0.3 μg/g体重的霍乱弧菌毒素（CT）,空白组灌胃PBS和CT,每周1次。灌胃6周后,通过观察过敏症状,检测血清特异性免疫球蛋白E（IgE）和IgG1、血浆组胺水平及血管通透性等指标,比较几种奶源的致敏性强弱。结果显示,驼奶组、人奶组和空白组小鼠体重正常增长,而β-lg组和牛奶组的体重增长有减慢的趋势。与空白组相比,β-lg组和牛奶组的血清特异性IgE和IgG1水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,组胺水平极显著升高（P<0.01）,血管通透性增加,过敏症状明显;而驼奶组小鼠血清IgE和IgG1水平极显著低于牛奶组（P<0.01）,但与人奶组相比无显著差异（P>0.05）,过敏症状轻微,表明驼奶的致敏性明显低于牛奶,且与人奶相似。     

基于比较基因组学分析的方法定位及注释双峰驼MHC基因

【目的】定位并注释双峰驼主要组织相容性复合体(major histocompatibility complex,MHC)基因序列,为进一步研究双峰驼MHC基因提供科学依据。【方法】运用比较基因组学方法,提取人类MHC(HLA)基因编码序列和牛MHC(BoLA)基因编码序列并分别与双峰驼转录本进行blastn基因序列比对,识别出相似度较高的scaffolds,通过分析HLA、BoLA基因序列比对在这些scaffolds上的位置顺序,对多条scaffolds进行拼接,得到双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome;再分别提取HLA、BoLA全基因组序列与双峰驼已拼接的scaffolds进行基因组共线性分析,利用lastz建立起的Pseudo chromosome与HLA、BoLA全基因组序列的线性关系判断筛选出的scaffolds是否准确;然后通过分析MHC基因在两物种间的线性关系,在双峰驼参考基因组中提取出MHC基因序列,并对这些序列进行基因注释;最后根据得到的双峰驼MHC基因绘制系统进化树,研究其基因间的进化关系。【结果】通过对HLA、BoLA基因编码序列与双峰驼转录本用blastn进行序列比对,识别出了相似度较高的3条scaffolds,即NW_011511766.1(全长4.1M)、NW_011515227.1(全长1.2M)和NW_011514613.1(全长15K),对其拼接得到双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome;利用lastz共线性分析,识别出HLA基因序列和BoLA基因序列并比对出其在双峰驼MHC基因的共线性区域。该区域与拼接得到的Pseudo chromosome一致,证明筛选出的scaffolds是准确的。并且发现Class-Ⅰ类和Class-Ⅲ类基因集中分布在NW_011515227.1上,而Class-Ⅱ类基因集中分布在NW_011511766.1和NW_011514613.1上,进一步分析得知Class-Ⅱ类基因主要分布在NW_011511766.1的3.5—4.1M的位置;将存在共线性区域的序列提取出来,与比对到双峰驼上的MHC基因的编码序列进行blat分析,结果在双峰驼基因组中共识别出24个与牛BoLA基因高度相似的基因,其中Ⅰ类基因1个,Ⅱ类10个,Ⅲ类基因13个。对双峰驼这24个MHC基因进行信息注释并绘制系统进化树,结果显示注释的Class-Ⅰ类和Class-Ⅱ类基因在同一分支。【结论】通过比较基因组学方法定位并注释了双峰驼的MHC基因,将双峰驼MHC基因序列定位到了3条scaffolds上,找到并注释了24个MHC基因,绘制了双峰驼MHC的Pseudo chromosome,为进一步研究双峰驼MHC基因奠定了理论基础。     

双价猪流行性腹泻病毒特异性双峰驼源单域抗体的重组表达和特征分析

旨在构建抗猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)膜蛋白(M)双峰驼源sdAb(sdAb-Mc19/29/30/37)的二价抗体,并比较研究单价和二价sdAb-Mc对温度的敏感性、pH耐受性、血清抗体竞争活性及抗原捕获活性等技术指标。研究结果证实,单价和二价sdAb-Mc在30～70℃和pH 2～10条件下,均可以结合M蛋白,当温度高于80℃和pH大于11时,其与M蛋白的结合活性显著下降。此外,研究发现,重组二价抗体的血清抗体竞争活性和抗原捕获活性强于单价的抗体。研究结果说明,重组表达的二价sdAb-Mc抗体对温度和pH耐受性没有改变,但其与靶抗原结合活性得到显著提高,为研制敏感和特异的PEDV病原学快速检测方法奠定基础。     

Coronary arterial anatomy of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The detailed coronary arterial anatomy of seven camels was studied and compared with that of horses and cattle. In camels, there is a bilateral coronary supply, the right coronary artery being the larger. The left coronary artery follows the same pattern as that in horses. The ramus collateralis proximalis in camels separates off some distance away from the origin of the ramus interventricularis paraconalis, as in horses, whereas it separates off very quickly in cattle. The ramus collateralis distalis has two branches in camels, whereas the left distal ventriculi ramus does not branch. The ramus angularis is also absent but the left distal atrii ramus is present.Abbreviations LCR left ramus circumflexus - RCR right circumflexus ramus - RIS ramus interventricularis subsinosus - RIVP ramus interventricularis paraconalis     

Isolation of Brucella abortus from experimentally infected dromedary camels in Sudan: A preliminary report

Six camels were experimentally infected with two strains of Brucella abortus, four with S19 and two with a field bovine strain. In all cases antibody titres were detected within 6 to 11 days. Serum agglutination titres peaked between days 11 and 32 and complement fixation titres between days 11 and 52; both titres then declined steadily. No clinical signs were observed in the four camels inoculated with S19. Slight non-specific symptoms were seen in the two camels infected with the field bovine strain. On post mortem examination no gross lesions were observed although histopathological sections showed focal granulomata in the liver and a generalized lymphadenitis. The organism was recovered mainly from the lymph nodes of the head and genital tract.     

双峰驼后脚的静脉引流

采用静脉内灌注颜料的方法解剖观察了7条双峰驼后肢后脚部静脉的构筑.后脚部的静脉由内侧隐静脉、外侧隐静脉和足背静脉导引.内侧隐静脉由足底内侧静脉和足底外侧静脉汇合而成;足底内、外侧静脉均起自足底深弓.外侧隐静脉由前后两支汇合而成;前支由趾背侧第2～4总静脉汇合而成;后支起自足底外侧静脉.跖背侧第3静脉细小,成对,由跖骨表面的小静脉支汇合而成.每一趾的两侧均有6～8条趾枕支.在趾枕真皮和趾枕深筋膜之间发现有一发达的静脉网.     

Retinol Values in the Plasma of the Arabian Camel (Camelus dromedarius) and the Influence of Aflatoxicosis

The normal values are reported of the concentration of vitamin A (retinol) in the plasma of 44 male and female adult camels (Camelus dromedarius) in the United Arab Emirates. The concentrations of the vitamin in the plasma of eight camels of both sexes afflicted with aflatoxicosis were also determined. The mean concentration (±SD) of the vitamin in healthy camels was 460.1±49.3 ng/L. Sex had no significant effect on the concentration of the vitamin. Camels with aflatoxicosis had a mean concentration of retinol in the plasma of 243.4±32.3 ng/L. The concentrations of aflatoxins in the liver and ruminal contents of these animals were 18.2±1.3 and 243.4 g/kg, respectively.     

Biodiversity of Domestic Livestock in the Republic of Yemen

This paper describes the domestic livestock of the Republic of Yemen and aspires to complement earlier sources listing or partially describing `breeds'. It attempts to cover all species and provide indications of production parameters through a literature review and via field observations made by the author in 1999. Information is provided on livestock numbers and the economic importance of animal production. Most animals are kept in sedentary mixed crop–livestock production systems; transhumant systems have the next greatest number of stock; with nomadic systems being of least and declining importance. Yemen's livestock appear to comprise at least 11 breeds of sheep, 5 breeds of goat, 2 breeds of cattle, 4 breeds of camel, 2 breeds of donkey and 1 breed of horse. There are no data on breeds of poultry but domestic fowl (where clearly considerable diversity exists) and pigeons are kept. There is little formal information on the history and relationships of most breeds. Some appear to be of ancient local origin, whereas others show affinities with those of neighbouring and other countries. None of the identified types is considered endangered, so conservation would be premature. A more formal and detailed genetic characterization, to add to the largely morphological and traditional classification, may, however, reveal such a need.     

双峰驼坐骨神经的解剖

利用人体解剖学的方法对1个成年母驼后躯及3个股中部以下的标本进行了观察研究。结果表明：坐骨神经由第7腰神经腹侧支及第1、2荐神经腹侧支构成。坐骨神经在伸延途中主要分成胫神经、腓总神经、股后皮神经和肌支,而胫神经又分成足底内、外侧神经,腓总神经又分成腓浅神经和腓深神经,肌支有肌闭孔内肌肌支、肌股方肌肌支和臂股二头肌半健肌半膜肌肌支。