鸡蛋自动上料装置机构分析与试验

为了优化鸡蛋加工生产线吸盘自动上料装置的结构参数,并确定样机安装中关键零部件同步位置,对该装置的核心部分——吸盘摆臂组合机构进行了结构分析和运动仿真。结果表明:由曲柄摇杆、齿轮和同步带串联组合的吸盘摆臂组合机构自由度为1、曲柄整周转动、摇杆往复摆动60°、摆臂往复摆动180°;同步带角度补偿可以保证在摆臂180°摆动中,吸盘组件始终处于水平状态,保证鸡蛋水平搬运;摆臂末端运动参数(位移、速度、加速度)变化曲线显示,当摇杆摆动到2个极位146°和206°附近时,摆臂存在一段水平速度为零的垂直上下运动,分别对应曲柄84°~108°和252°~312°,以确保吸蛋和放蛋时吸盘垂直运动;为了保证该装置同步协调运动,样机安装时必须使曲柄在96°时,摇杆处在146°、摆臂处在174°位置。样机试验表明:理论分析和仿真结果与样机实测值一致性较好。     

高架栽培配套基质自动移动摊铺机设计与试验

针对现有高架栽培中的基质摊铺作业仅靠人工完成、劳动量极大等现状,设计了集基质运送、箱内出料、双侧分料落料和均匀摊填为一体的高架栽培配套基质自动移动摊铺机。根据栽培高架设施结构参数和基质流动特性测定结果,提出了基于少量人工操控介入的自动作业式基质架间双侧浮动移动摊铺方案,并设计了箱内折弯出料机构、双侧落料与架上摊平机构等关键部件,解决了箱内基质向上均匀出料及出料-排料协调难题,并实现了对高架竖直方向较大尺寸误差的补偿。完成了参数定型和样机开发,并进行了性能试验验证。试验结果表明,该机实现了330 m2/h的双侧4槽基质精量摊铺作业,能满足100 mm高度误差的仿形作业,4个槽内基质深度相对误差仅分别为7.72%、6.75%、9.33%和9.66%,各槽内基质深度平均误差仅2.01 mm,达到较好的4槽基质平均和均匀摊铺效果。该机为实现高架栽培的机械化配套作业提供了装备支持。     

Evaluation of the API 50CH and API ZYM systems for rapid characterization of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus, causal agent of potato ring rot

API 50CH and API ZYM systems were used to characterize fifty-three strains of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus from different geographic locations and several reference strains of the same and different species, including other potato pathogens. Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains displayed a high level of homogeneity, both in carbohydrate utilization and in enzymatic activity. Using API 50CH and API ZYM it was possible to differentiate C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus strains from the remaining taxa analysed in this study, which included representative strains of the other subspecies of C. michiganensis as well as other bacterial pathogens affecting potatoes. Therefore, these systems could be used as an effective method to characterize C. michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus. Such a procedure would constitute an alternative system to the conventional nutritional and physiological identification tests currently included in the official methods employed in the European Union to detect and identify this bacterium. The results obtained with the API systems agreed with the current taxonomic classification of C. michiganensis, clearly separating sepedonicus from the other subspecies belonging to this species.     

Partial nomadism in large‐bodied bream (Abramis brama)

The recent focus on a common movement ecology paradigm has increased awareness about the importance of distinguishing different movement patterns for understanding their specific impact on animal ecology and evolution. One specific form of movement is nomadism, where animals move between habitats in an arrhythmic fashion. Although not yet described in detail for freshwater fish, nomadism between lakes within drainage systems could affect local lake food webs in an otherwise unpredictable fashion. In this study, we used passive telemetry to describe inter‐lake movements of 1,280 individually tagged adult benthivorous bream (Abramis brama) over nine contiguous years in a drainage system with two paired lakes. The movements can best be described as partial nomadism, where a part of the population is neither resident nor migratory, but instead moves between lakes in a variable, arrhythmic fashion, often with long residency in one lake before moving to the other. We found extensive between‐year variation in the proportion and direction of bream moving, with higher movement propensity being partly associated with lower somatic condition. Notably, movements out of lakes were significantly more in direction of the neighbouring lake than away from the paired lakes, suggesting that at least direction was not random. Since bream are important ecosystem engineers, fluctuating densities of adult bream could affect ecological stability in lakes. Our study suggests that fish populations in interconnected lakes within drainages should not be treated as isolated units, and we discuss this in relation to lake ecology and the importance for lake ecosystem management.     

小量纠偏法在履带甘蔗收获机中的应用

广西柳工机械股份有限公司某款履带式甘蔗收获机样机在直线行走测试过程中出现跑偏问题。为了解决该问题,本文采用了小量纠偏法来控制行走电比例阀输出电流进而控制变量马达的排量。该方法将该款机型直线行走误差控制在纠偏前误差的±25%,纠偏效果良好,满足客户需求。     

邻水县农村产业系统模型决策方案

本文从众多方案中选出6个方案,作为邻水县1990、1995和2000年三个年段的系统模型决策方案,并对这些方案进行了多方面的分析,为系统规划设计和领导决策提供科学依据。     

我国南方耕作制度的发展和展望

我国南方农业在全国占有重要地位。近十年南方耕作制度研究和改革在以下三个方面有较大发展：1.以提高土地生产率为目标的耕地资源的深度利用,如旱地以麦玉薯为主体的分带轮作多熟制改革;稻田三熟制的冬季轮作,冬水田、冬闲田、秋闲田等冬、秋季耕地资源的合理开发利用。2.以提高农田经济效益为重要目标的多类型、多功能种植和农作制度。3.以提高劳动生产率与土地生产率为目标的稻麦两熟耕作制度。通过对2000年人口增长与耕地减少的趋势分析,对今后进一步提高单产,提高投入与投入产出效率及提高总土地生产力与效益的要求与途径作了讨论与展望。     

小麦条锈病流行程度趋势预测专家系统雏型

本文运用知识工程语言 M·1构造了一个用于小麦条锈病流行程度趋势预测的专家系统雏型。专家的知识用产生式规则来表示。知识库中的知识规则可相对独立,便于知识库的扩充和完善。     

基于WebGIS的农田水肥盐碱监测与调控管理系统

监测水肥盐碱动态变化信息,分析诊断提出调控方案,提升盐碱农田生产管理水平。该文基于Web GIS平台、利用Silverlight与WCF技术研发盐碱农田水肥盐碱监测管理系统,基于统计学原理和作物水肥盐碱平衡与胁迫响应原理,构建了特征分析、诊断预警和调控决策3类15个模型,并进行系统集成应用。结果表明,系统融合数据采集、数据管理、统计分析、诊断预警、调控决策技术与实施管理措施形成了"六位一体"的全过程优化管理体系;模型数据处理分析结果科学有效,系统应用决策方案符合实际。在无棣县盐碱农田应用表明,管理方案有效缓解了水盐限制,促进了土壤肥力趋稳均衡,投入产出效益和生产决策效率明显提升;2014—2016年综合节水率达31.02%,氮磷钾节肥率分别达28.69%~63.14%、10.07%~67.98%、97.98%~100%,小麦玉米增产率接近预期。研究有助于利用信息技术手段推进盐碱农田水肥盐碱动态规律的探索和田间精准管理水平的提升。     

Dirt in our mouths and hunger in our bellies: Metaphor, theory-making, and systems approaches to sustainable agriculture

The metaphor of the food system,dominant in current research approaches to sustainableagriculture, mirrors the productionist paradigm, whichreduces our relationship to land and food to theproduction and consumption of commodities. Theenactment of the familiar values of nourishment andhospitality is what the goal of sustainableagriculture would amount to in terms of our day to daylived experience. The metaphor of an earthen bowl asa theory of food and agriculture can embody thesevalues such that broader change might be achievedthrough embracing the idea and practice of theories asnourishing and theorizing as hospitable.