Setting the Global Context in Discovery and Transformation of Seafood Products

ABSTRACT

The effects of sun drying at ambient temperature in the range of 24°C to 32°C; artificial drying at 35°C, 45°C, or 55°C; or artificial drying at 45°C after treatment with 10% brine, 20% brine, saturated (36%) brine, or dry salt at 28°C for 16 hours on the physical characteristics of the final dried Bombay duck (Harpodon neherius) were studied. Unsalted sundried fish was found unacceptable. Dry salting was more efficient in reducing the moisture level in fish than brining, but was found unsuitable by the panelists due the appearance of a powdered salt crust as the fish dries up. Bombay duck treated with 20% sodium chloride solution, artificially dried at 45°C, and kept in sealed polyethylene pouches was judged superior after sensory evaluation compared to unsalted sundried Bombay duck or unsalted artificial dried Bombay duck at 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C, or artificial dried samples at 45°C after treatment with 10% brine, saturated (36%) brine or dry salt, and kept in sealed polyethylene pouches, respectively, during storage.     

Biochemical Properties and Stability of Antioxidative Activity of Half-Fin Anchovy (Setipinna taty) Fermented Product

The aim of this work was to investigate the biochemical properties of fermented product of half-fin anchovy (HAFP; Setipinna taty) made by Natto bacillus fermentation—including molecular weight distribution, amino acid composition, solubility, foaming, and emulsifying profiles. Furthermore, the influences of thermal processing, pH alteration, and in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion on the antioxidative stability of HAFP in terms of the scavenging 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazayl (DPPH) radical were evaluated. Results showed that HAFP contained small peptides (< 1,500 Da) and free amino acids. The amounts of essential amino acids and flavor amino acids were 155.219 and 178.636 mg/g of dry HAFP, respectively. Moreover, HAFP contained high levels of antioxidative and hydrophobic amino acids. In suitable pH values, HAFP exhibited good solubility, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The antioxidative activity of HAFP on the scavenging DPPH radical increased after thermal processing. Furthermore, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of HAFP was enhanced slightly or dramatically after being treated under pH values from 3 to 6, or in vitro simulated gastric and intestinal digestion. It can be concluded that HAFP could have potential application in foods as a natural antioxidative ingredient.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of fructooligosaccharide on growth performance,body composition,intestinal enzymes activities and histology of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) fingerlings

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, body composition, intestinal enzymes activities and histology of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala. A total of 1200 fish (1.42 ± 0.01 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 g kg⁻¹ diet) for 8 weeks in a recirculating system indoor. The weight gain, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival rate were all improved in dietary supplementation of FOS fed fish. Increasing FOS levels resulted in both higher whole‐body lipid and lower moisture contents, whereas ash and protein contents showed no significant differences among all the treatments. Intestinal amylase, protease, Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, alkaline phosphatase, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and creatine kinase activities all increased with dietary FOS levels up to 4 g kg⁻¹ (P < 0.05). Transmission electron microscopy analysis indicated that microvilli length in the mid‐intestine was significantly increased with increased dietary FOS levels (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FOS could confer benefits on growth performance, intestinal digestive and absorptive ability, histology of fingerling Megalobrama amblycephala.     

Temperature and storage period over spermatic parameters of jundiá, Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the spermatic parameters of jundia, Rhamdia quelen, semen stored for short periods under different temperatures. Fifteen males were used in a time factorial experimental design (13 × 3 × 3 × 3). The sperm was stored at: 15; 25 and 35°C and activated in water at: 15; 25 and 35°C each, respectively, within storage periods of: 0; 2; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16; 20; 24; 32; 40 and 48 h after collection. The treatments were performed in triplicates and in sequential protocols every 50 h. The motility parameters were evaluated using Pearson's correlation analysis and the significant parameters (P < 0.05) were summarized using principal component analysis forming two predicted groups. Group 01 composed the following parameters: curvilinear velocity, wobble and linearity; group 02 comprised average path velocity, straight line velocity, beating cross frequency and motility rate. Effects (P < 0.05) of treatments were observed only in group 02, with interaction between time and temperature of exposure and between exposure time and water temperature. Superior results of spermatic parameters of group 02 were observed right after collection. However, the exposure and spermatic activation at 15°C assured significant results 48 h after collection when compared with 25 and 35°C.     

Effects of different bronopol treatments on final survival rates in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus,Astacidae)

Two experiments were conducted on the effects of bronopol in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs (Pacifastacus leniusculus) with the aim to search an alternative to formaldehyde. In the first experiment, 50, 250, 500 and 1000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) in periodical administrations were tested on a density of 6.6 eggs cm^?2. After 44 days of incubation, the highest survival was obtained with 1000 ppm bronopol (81.9% to stage 2 juvenile, with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas lower bronopol concentrations resulted in significantly lower survival. In the second experiment, 1000, 3000 and 5000 ppm bronopol and 3000 ppm formaldehyde (control) administered for 15 min every second day were tested on eggs at a density of 20 eggs cm^?2. After 78 days of incubation, bronopol at 3000 ppm allowed for a stage 2 juvenile survival rate of 65.0% (with no significant difference from formaldehyde), whereas significantly lower survival was obtained with 1000 ppm or 5000 ppm. This study shows that bronopol may constitute an alternative to formaldehyde in the artificial incubation of crayfish eggs. A concentration of 3000 ppm administered for 15 min every second day may be adequate even on long incubations at high densities (at least 20 eggs cm^?2, one complete layer).     

珠江口竹洲人工鱼礁与相邻天然礁附着生物群落结构研究

2011年9月利用潜水原位采样法对竹洲人工鱼礁及附近天然岛礁上附着生物群落进行了调查。此次调查共记录附着生物68种,多属于热带一亚热带暖水种,其中优势种为网纹藤壶（Balanusreticulatus）、华美盘管虫（Hydroideselegans）和马氏珠母贝（Pinctadamartensi）。投礁6个月的礁体上附着生物种类和生物量与天然岛礁上附着生物存在显著差异,投礁12个月礁体上附着生物种类与天然岛礁上附着生物差异有减少趋势,生物量不存在显著差异。聚类分析表明竹洲礁区海域附着生物群落可划分为2个群落,投礁12个月礁体与天然岛礁同属一个群落,投礁6个月礁体附着生物为一个群落。人工鱼礁附着生物群落演替过程中改变了礁体表面空间结构,空间异质性提高,人工鱼礁附着生物群落逐步向着天然岛礁附着生物群落的方向发展。     

自动气象站与人工站气象数据的对比分析

通过对自动气象站与人工站气温、相对湿度和定时雨量对比分析,探讨气象仪器在构造和性能方面的差异,分析产生误差的原因及订正方法,为地面气象观测工作提供参考。     

相思人工林土壤呼吸及残差呼吸的季节格局

采用红外气体分析(IRGA)法对平和天马国有林场3种相思人工林的土壤呼吸进行1 a的野外定位观测.结果表明,在3种相思人工林中,土壤呼吸的季节格局与土壤温度基本一致,呈明显的单峰曲线.卷荚相思林、黑木相思林和马占相思林土壤呼吸速率年平均值分别为3.51、2.73和3.36 μmol·m-2·s-1;土壤呼吸的Q,o值的...     

黄土丘陵区营造果园后土壤质量效应分析

 【目的】研究黄土丘陵区坡耕地营造果园后土壤质量变化过程。【方法】采用时空互代法,以黄土丘陵区不同年限的塌地果园为研究对象,选取坡耕地为对照,通过室内测试分析,并运用统计和相关分析等方法,研究土壤质量的变化过程。【结果】坡耕地改造为果园后,在改造初期土壤物理性质和抗蚀性变化不大或略有降低,随后显著改善并趋于稳定。土壤有机碳和全氮含量在改造前10年波动较大,增幅较慢,随后增长加速,15—30年基本趋于稳定;碱解氮含量在改造2年后增幅即达到显著水平,随后逐步升高。全磷和速效钾含量在初期显著降低,随后逐渐上升。速效磷在改造前10年变化不大,随后逐渐升高。pH随改造年限先升高后降低,CaCO3先降低后升高。微生物量碳、氮在改造前5年增幅显著,随后趋于稳定。微生物量磷在改造10年增加达到显著水平,随后逐渐增加。土壤基础呼吸强度在改造10年后显著增加,随后逐渐增加。诱导呼吸强度在改造5年后增幅达到显著水平,随后趋于稳定。代谢商在改造初期显著低于坡耕地,随后逐渐升高,15年后趋于稳定,和坡耕地没有显著差异。土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和纤维素酶活性缓慢增加,在20—30年时趋于稳定。过氧化氢酶在改造第2年增幅即达到显著水平,随后随改造年限呈波动式缓慢上升。淀粉酶和多酚氧化酶活性整体随改造时间呈缓慢降低趋势,分别在10年和2年时达到显著水平,10—30年时趋于稳定。土壤质量指数（SOI）作为土壤理化和生物学性质的综合反映,在前20年土壤质量改善作用明显,20—30年趋于稳定,回归分析表明SQI随年限的增加呈显著的线性关系（r=0.946）。【结论】黄土丘陵区坡耕地由于严重的水土流失和不合理耕作方式,土壤物理、化学和生物学性质较差。改造为塌地果园初期,物理、化学和生物学性质显著改善,SQI增加,改造中后期,系统处于相对的稳定期,土壤物理、化学和生物学特性改善作用有所减缓,SQI趋于稳定。但此阶段却是以高投入高产出的状态在运转,系统仍旧受到较强的胁迫。     

近红外光谱结合ANN法快速测定水稻叶片氮含量

应用近红外(NlR)光谱和误差反传人工神经网络(BP-ANN)方法建立了水稻叶片氮素含量的定量分析模型.首先对近红外光谱进行Savitzky-Golay求导处理,然后通过相关系数法选择波长范围,采用偏最小二来回归PLS降维并输入BP-ANN建立校正模型,用验证样品对校正模型进行验证.结果表明:BP-ANN最佳模型的预测...