New technique of sex preselection for increasing female ratio in boar sperm model

In this study, we tried to optimize the porcine semen extender conditions to maximize the differences between live X chromosome-bearing (X) spermatozoa and to Y chromosome-bearing (Y) spermatozoa without a decline in the fertility rate at different pH conditions during storage. We observed the viability of X and Y boar spermatozoa in acidic (pH 6.2), original (pH 7.2), and alkaline condition (pH 8.2) for 5 days to investigate the effect of storage conditions on the X to Y spermatozoa ratio. The functional parameters of spermatozoa were also examined to evaluate sperm quality. Sperm motility was preserved at pH 7.2 and pH 6.2 for 3 days, while sperm motility at pH 8.2 decreased significantly after 2 days. Non-capacitated spermatozoa increased while capacitated spermatozoa decreased during storage. Sperm viability decreased significantly duration-dependent under all pH conditions, but there was no significant difference during storage at pH 6.2 and 7.2. The X: Y ratio of live spermatozoa in acidic condition was maximized (1.2:1) without affecting the sperm function and fertility-related protein expression after 2 days compared to original conditions. Moreover, insemination of sows using acidic extender increased the number of female pups on days 1 and 2 of preservation. These results indicate that the production of female offspring may increase when acidic BTS is used for 2 days without affecting the success rate of AI. Above all, this method is simple and economical compared to other methods.     

Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响

分析探讨口感化及颗粒化开食料对早期断奶羔羊生长和胃肠道发育的影响。选取新生健康的双羔湖羊公羔42只,随机分为两组,分别饲喂颗粒化和口感化开食料,试验期42 d。两组羔羊21日龄之前的采食量、体重和绝对生长的变化趋势相似。21日龄以后,口感化开食料组羔羊的采食量、体重、绝对生长和相对生长均明显高于颗粒化开食料组,42日龄体重、后两周的采食量及15～21日龄的相对生长率在两组间有显著差异(P < 0.05)。口感化开食料还显著提高(P < 0.05)了羔羊42日龄时的育肥指数、体长指数、胸围指数、管围指数和断奶前的瘤胃质量和瘤胃/胴体。以上结果表明,与颗粒化开食料相比,口感化开食料更有利于羔羊早期断奶前后的瘤胃发育、采食量提高、体重和体尺的发育,但对其他胃室及肠道发育没有影响。     

参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群影响的差异性分析

研究参金止痢口服液对腹泻哺乳仔猪肠道微生物菌群的影响。选取同等饲养条件下7~15日龄体重相近的“杜×长×大”三元杂交仔猪共计9头,其中有腹泻症状的6头将其随机平均分为腹泻空白组(FXK)和腹泻中药组(FZ),正常的3头为健康空白组(JK),中药组灌服参金止痢口服液,空白组灌服同等体积生理盐水,连续灌胃5d,在给药后的第8天对仔猪采血进行抗体及细胞因子水平测定,并采集结肠内容物提取样本中菌群总DNA进行16S rRNA高通量测序。结果显示：与FXK组相比,FZ组血清中IgG含量显著升高(P＜0.05),IgM含量显著降低(P＜0.05),炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量显著下调(P＜0.01)。α、β多样性分析结果表明,三个组结肠肠道菌群结构差异显著。在门分类水平上,FZ组仔猪肠道拟杆菌门相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),变形菌门相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),而FZ与JK组之间两个菌门差异不显著。属水平上,FZ组韦荣球菌属和乳杆菌属相对丰度显著低于FXK组(P＜0.05),普雷沃氏菌属相对丰度显著高于FXK组(P＜0.05),FZ组与JK组之间这三个菌属差异不显著。综上结果表明,参金止痢口服液可能通过调节免疫及炎性相关因子水平和调节肠道菌群结构从而发挥治疗哺乳仔猪腹泻的作用。     

纤维和蛋白质对肠道健康和环境的影响

由于膳食纤维和蛋白质对肠道健康和环境都有潜在的有益或有害影响,因此,膳食纤维和蛋白质在猪肠道中的发酵是一个值得关注的问题。本文综述了近年来有关膳食纤维和蛋白质发酵对猪肠道环境的影响及其对猪粪和猪舍含氮气体和异味排放的影响,同时探讨了蛋白质发酵和相关代谢化合物的生产,与膳食纤维发酵、对肠道健康、细菌蛋白质合成和氮排泄的影响。生产上可以采用不同的营养策略来应对集约化养猪生产对环境的的负面影响,如降低日粮粗蛋白质水平减少氮排泄。总的来说,日粮纤维和蛋白质水平是影响猪肠道发酵、氮排泄和环境影响的一个有效策略。     

谷物膳食纤维对高胆固醇饮食小鼠脂质代谢及肠道菌群的影响

本研究旨在探讨谷物膳食纤维(DF)对高胆固醇饮食小鼠的脂质代谢和肠道菌群的影响。选取C57BL/6J小鼠30只,并根据体重随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照,CO组,n=8)、基础饲粮+5 g/kg DF(CO+DF组,n=8)、高脂高胆固醇饲粮(HF组,n=7)及高脂高胆固醇饲粮+5 g/kg DF(HF+DF组,n=7)。试验期8周,测定各组小鼠生长性能、血清和肝脏生化指标、粪便总胆固醇(TC)、短链脂肪酸(SCFA)、相关肝脏胆固醇和胆汁酸(BA)蛋白表达及肠道菌群。结果表明:1)CO+DF组的最终体重显著低于CO组(P<0.05),与HF组相比,CO组和HF+DF组的4周和最终体重均显著降低(P<0.05),肝脏和脂肪的重量显著减少(P<0.05)。且与HF组相比,DF+HF组摄食效率显著降低(P<0.05)。2)CO+DF组血清TC、甘油三酯(TG)含量及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性以及肝脏TC和TG含量显著低于CO组(P<0.05),CO组和HF+DF组显著低于HF组(P<0.05),粪便TC含量仅在HF+DF组显著低于HF组(P<0.05)。3)DF对肝脏胆固醇调节元件结合蛋白-2(SREBP-2)、3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)、肝脏X受体α(LXRα)、微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅰ(LC3-Ⅰ)和微管相关蛋白1轻链3-Ⅱ(LC3-Ⅱ)蛋白表达没有显著影响(P>0.05)。CO+DF组肝脏胆固醇7-羟化酶(Cyp7a1)的蛋白表达水平显着低于CO组(P<0.05),但HF组和HF+DF组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。4)HF+DF组的粪便总SCFA和丙酸盐含量显著高于HF组(P<0.05)。与相应的对照组相比,CO+DF组和HF+DF组的粪便丁酸盐含量显著增加(P<0.05)。5)在门水平上,DF组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度减少,HF+DF组的拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度高于HF组。梭状芽孢杆菌属ⅪⅤa(ClostridiumⅪⅤ)相对丰度在CO+DF组和HF+DF组显著增加(P<0.05)。此外,与其他组相比,仅HF+DF组中阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)相对丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。由此可见,每千克饲粮添加5 g DF可降低饲喂含脂45%饲粮小鼠的体重和肝脏脂肪含量,降低血清TC、TG含量及AST和ALT活性以及肝脏TC和TG含量,降低胆固醇合成相关蛋白Cyp7a1的表达水平,提高总SCFA含量及肠道有益菌群和优势菌群相对丰度。     

不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响

本试验旨在研究不同来源纤维饲粮对福建黄兔表观消化率、十二指肠组织形态及盲肠纤维消化酶活性的影响。试验选用200只健康、体重接近的断奶福建黄兔,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只。4组分别饲喂由添加比例为25%的苜蓿草粉、甜菜渣、燕麦草、大麦糠为纤维饲料原料配制而成的饲粮。试验期为60 d,于试验第54天以全收粪法进行消化试验,屠宰后测定十二指肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及二者比值,盲肠纤维素酶、半纤维素酶和果胶酶活性。结果表明：①苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、不溶性纤维（IDF）、可溶性纤维（SDF）的消化率均极显著高于大麦糠与燕麦草组（P<0.01）。其中,甜菜渣组不溶性纤维、可溶性纤维的消化率最高,与苜蓿草粉组差异显著（P<0.05）。②苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组的绒毛高度极显著高于大麦糠组（P<0.01）,但显著低于燕麦草组（P<0.05）,隐窝深度显著低于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.05）,其中甜菜渣组隐窝深度最低。甜菜渣组的绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）最高,极显著高于其他组（P<0.01）。③苜蓿草粉与甜菜渣组盲肠3种纤维消化酶活性均极显著高于大麦糠和燕麦草组（P<0.01）,其中甜菜渣组的3种酶活均极显著高于苜蓿草粉组（P<0.01）。综上所述,对比4种纤维饲粮,在饲粮配方中添加25%的甜菜渣能提高肉兔的表观消化率与盲肠纤维消化酶活性,并能改善十二指肠组织形态。     

两种无抗制剂对育肥猪生长性能及肠道健康的影响

本试验通过在生长育肥猪饲粮中添加两种不同的无抗制剂,探究其对育肥猪生长及肠道健康的影响。选取体重为（85.95±3.48） kg的LDY三元杂交猪60头,分为对照组、试验1、2组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头猪（阉公猪和母猪各半）。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂,试验2组在基础饲粮中添加0.5%的复方中药提取物。结果表明：①3组间生长性能各项指标均差异不显著（P>0.05）。②与对照组相比,试验1组空肠的绒毛高度（VH）、绒毛高度/隐窝深度（V/C）以及回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）,试验2组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度均显著增加（P<0.05）;试验1组空肠和回肠的绒毛高度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比,试验1和2组盲肠菌群香浓指数均显著升高（P<0.05）、辛普森指数均显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组的香浓指数显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。④在门水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组盲肠菌群变形菌门和放线菌门丰度均显著升高（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组厚壁菌门和变形菌门丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,拟杆菌门丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组放线菌门丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,厚壁菌门丰度显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。在属水平上,与对照组相比,试验1组链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae和乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验2组瘤胃菌属和链球菌属丰度显著升高（P<0.05）,苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌属_13、乳杆菌属丰度显著降低（P<0.05）;试验1组梭菌属_13和链球菌属丰度显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）,试验1组uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae、瘤胃菌属显著低于试验2组（P<0.05）。⑤试验1组Occludin、Zo-1、Claudin-1表达量显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Occludin、Claudin-1表达量显著高于试验2组（P<0.05）。以上结果表明,红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂和复方中药提取物对育肥猪肠道健康均有改善作用,但红曲合生元酵母硒锗复合制剂组饲喂效果优于复方中药提取物组。     

Effects of lncRNA-GTL2 Transgenosis on Gut Microbiota Composition in Mice

This research was aimed to study whether the lncRNA would have effects on the structure and constitution of the intestinal microbial colonies in mice.High throughout sequencing was used to sequence and analyze the intestinal microbial colonies in both transgenic and non-transgenic mice of three months old.We conducted comparison and t-test at the level of phylum and genus.The result showed that transferred into long non-coding RNA genes GTL2 (lncRNA-GTL2),the mouse intestinal microbial colony structure and composition had no significant differences in the overall,within the same gender,but there were individual differences.Therefore,this study didn't find that long non-coding RNA transfered had a significant impact on the intestinal microflorain the phylum and genus level.     

Research Advanced on Functions of Nutritional Regulation and Intestinal Barrier of Arginine

Arginine is one of the most important amino acids for animals,and participates in the synthesis and metabolism of many nutrients,plays a role in the development and function of the gastrointestinal tract.Intestinal barrier function is one of the most functions for intestine.The article will summarize the effect of arginine on intestinal barrier.It was explicated the influence on inteseinal immunity of Toll-like receptor.This research provided some references for further study of arginine regulation on animal production.