Effects of aerobic exercise time on cardiovascular and renal functions of 2K1C renal vascular hypertensive rats

AIM: To explore the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) time on mean arterial pressure (MAP), sinus bradycardia, heart and kidney histological changes and oxidative damage in the two-kidney and one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats, and to assess the specific effects of AE time on alleviation of hypertension. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats (n=60) were randomly divided into sham operation (sham) group and 2K1C group. After operation, the rats in these 2 groups were divided into sham sedentary (sham+SED) group, sham exercise (sham+AE) group, 2K1C se-dentary (2K1C+SED) group and 2K1C exercise (2K1C+AE) group. The rats in sham+AE group and 2K1C+AE group were subjected to AE for 10 weeks:swimming for 1 h/d. The MAP, sinus bradycardia and the histological changes of heart and kidney in these 4 groups were tested regularly. RESULTS: Compared with 2K1C+SED group, the rats in 2K1C+AE group had significantly improved MAP and sinus bradycardia at the 4th week, with reduced collagen deposition in the myocardium and kidney, decreased level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the left ventricle and increased catalase (CAT) activity in the left ventricle and kidney. The results of the 6th to 10th weeks showed that the differences of MAP and sinus bradycardia between the rats in 2K1C+AE group and 2K1C+SED group had gradually narrowed. The TBARS levels in the left ventricle and kidney and CAT activity in both kidneys of the rats in 2K1C+AE group were partly restored at the 8th week. The collagen deposition in the heart and kidney of the rats in AE group was reduced to the lowest level at the 10th week. CONCLUSION: Short-time (about 4 weeks) AE effectively improves the MAP and sinus bradycardia of 2K1C renal vascular hypertensive rats and attenuates the damages of the heart and kidney by regulating oxidative stress, thus improving the cardiovascular and renal functions of 2K1C renal hypertensive rats.     

Ⅱ型糖尿病骨质疏松与血管钙化的相关性分析

目的分析Ⅱ型糖尿病患者骨质疏松和骨量减少与血管钙化之间的关联性,为早期诊断和预防糖尿病性骨质疏松提供依据．方法按入选标准对59例Ⅱ型糖尿病患者记录临床体征、血液实验室检查结果．采用双能x线吸收法测定腰椎和股骨颈骨密度值,x线摄片记录胸主动脉和髂动脉的血管钙化情况,并对各因素与糖尿病性骨质疏松相关性进行分析．结果腰椎骨量分析可见：骨质疏松6例（10．2％）,骨量减少27例（45．8％）;股骨颈骨量分析可见：骨质疏松7例（11．8％）,骨量减少28例（49％）．髂动脉钙化与腰椎（L1—L4）骨质疏松（P=0．04）和股骨颈骨质疏松（P=0．036）存在显著相关性．结论Ⅱ型糖尿病患者髂动脉钙化与骨质疏松呈正相关,发现动脉钙化可能提示骨质疏松或骨量减少的存在．     

龙栖山中华蜜蜂种群分化形态遗传分析

对龙栖山国家级自然保护区及其周边地区的中华蜜蜂31个形态指标进行测定,发现6个形态指标存在显著差异.与周边地区人工饲养的中华蜜蜂相比,龙栖山野生中华蜜蜂的翅长、蜡镜长、蜡镜间距分别为8.6655、1.1568、0.2083 mm,分别减少0.0728、0.0382、0.0730 mm;翅脉角D7为95.6°,增大1.8°;翅脉角N23和J16分别为83.3°和101.2°,分别减小4.0°和3.2°(P<0.05).对采用判别式分析得到的样点重心的判别函数值进行聚类分析的结果显示,龙栖山中华蜜蜂已从周边地区的中华蜜蜂种群中分化,形成独立的种群.     

Effects of Carbon Dioxide Insufflation and Body Position on Blood Gas Values in Horses Anesthetized for Laparoscopy

The objective of the study was to describe the effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position on arterial blood gas values in horses anesthetized for laparoscopy. The study design was a prospective case series using 14 healthy adult horses anesthetized for elective laparoscopic surgery. All horses in the study were maintained under anesthesia with halothane in oxygen with intermittent positive-pressure ventilation. A pneumoperitoneum of 15 mmHg or less was achieved with carbon dioxide, and horses were tilted to a 35-degree Trendelenburg position to allow the completion of laparoscopic cryptorchidectomy (n = 13) or ovariectomy (n = 1). Heart rate, mean arterial pressure, and arterial blood gases were recorded at six time intervals throughout the procedure. Results of the study indicated a pH that decreased and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) and mean arterial pressure that increased over time and differed significantly from baseline during Trendelenburg position. Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) was significantly lower than baseline after assumption of Trendelenburg position and did not improve on return to normal recumbency and abdominal pressure. As body weight increased, pH and PaO₂ decreased and PaCO₂ increased. We concluded that horses placed in Trendelenburg position have changes that are transient, with the exception of PaO₂. Heavier horses have a greater change in pH, PaCO₂, and PaO₂ than lighter horses during abdominal insufflation and Trendelenburg position. The changes incurred during CO₂ abdominal insufflation and Trendelenburg position are transient, with the exception of a decreased PaO₂. Heavy horses undergoing abdominal insufflation and Trendelenburg position should be closely monitored for critical cardiopulmonary values.     

Role of calcium-sensing receptor in hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells

AIM: To explore the role of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and its effect on hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs. METHODS: The expression and distribution of CaSRs were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence observation. The intracellular concentration of free calcium ([Ca]_i) was determined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. The expression of PCNA and CaSRs was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: CaSR protein was expressed in rat PASMCs. Hypoxia significantly increased the expression of CaSR and PCNA,[Ca]_i and the cell viability. GdCl₃ (an agonist of CaSR) or NPS2390 (an antagonist of CaSR) amplified or weakened the effect of hypoxia, respectively.CONCLUSION: CaSR is expressed in rat PASMCs. The activation of CaSR is involved in the proliferation of PASMCs induced by hypoxia.     

Arterial Blood Gases in Dogs with Bacterial Pneumonia

The purpose of this study is to report the aterial blood gas findings in dogs with bacterial pneumonia. Arterial blood gas samples were collected from 62 dogs with culture-confirmed bacterial pneumonia. These results were compared with 46 normal dog arterial blood gas samples. Results demonstrated that respiratory acidosis was not a problem in dogs with pneumonia in this study. Significant evidence of hypoxemia was noted with abnormal mean values in PaO₂ (P<0.001) and the Alveolar-arterial (A-α) gradient (P<0.001).     

一氧化氮供体硝普钠降低肉鸡肺动脉压试验研究

AA肉鸡100羽，随机等分为对照组、试验组、试验组肉鸡自8日龄起给予含0．2％的钠离子的饮水以诱发肉鸡肺动脉高压综合征，按常规方法饲养。并通过右心导管法观察血管内注入硝普纳（Sodium Nitroprusside,SNP)前后两组肉鸡肺动脉平均压（Mean pulmonary arterial pressure,mPAP)变化，与此同时，还观察一氧化氮（Nitric Oxide,NO)与肉鸡肺动脉压间的关系。结果发现试验组肉鸡mPAP高于对照组（P＜0．01），注入SNP后试验组和对照组肉鸡血浆NO水平都显著升高（P＜0．01），而mPAP都显著降低（P＜0．01），试验组肉鸡mPAP降压幅度大于对照组（P＜0．05）。表明SNP可通过释放NO降低肉鸡mPAP。     

环境低温和T3对肉鸡内皮素、一氧化氮和肺动脉压的影响

20 0只 AA肉鸡随机等分为对照组 (C)和试验组 (T) ,C组和 14日龄前 T组鸡按常规饲养。 T组自 14日龄起舍温从 2 5℃起每天降 1～ 2℃逐渐降至 12℃ ,同时在日粮中按 1.5 m g/ kg的剂量添加三碘甲腺原氨酸 (T3 )以诱发肺动脉高压综合征 (PHS)。分别于 2 1、2 8、35、42、49日龄测定 2组肉鸡平均肺动脉压 (m PAP)、红细胞压积 (PCV)、右心全心比 (RV/ TV)、血浆内皮素 (ET- 1)及一氧化氮 (NO)水平 ,同时记录 PHS发病率。结果显示 ,试验组肉鸡 m PAP升高 ,PHS发病率增加 ;PCV、RV/ TV及血浆 ET- 1水平与对照组相比都显著升高 (P<0 .0 1) ;m PAP变化与血浆 ET- 1含量变化之间存在显著正相关 ,2组间血浆 NO水平无显著差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,但都出现随日龄增加血浆 NO水平升高的现象。     

Computerized Cytomorphometric Analysis of Nuclear Area,Nuclear Perimeter and Mean Nuclear Diameter in Spontaneous Canine Mammary Gland Tumours

Fifty-two spontaneous canine mammary gland tumours (fibroadenomas (n = 8), tubulopapillary carcinomas (n = 9), solid carcinomas (n = 6), anaplastic carcinomas (n = 7), fibrosarcomas (n = 9), liposarcomas (n = 9) and osteosarcomas (n = 4) were analysed by computer-assisted nuclear morphometry in Hemacolor-stained cytological specimens. Computerized cytomorphometry was performed and the nuclear area, nuclear perimeter and mean nuclear diameter of investigated tumours were assessed. A minimum of 100 nuclei per lesion were examined. The statistical analysis revealed statistically significant differences between benign and malignant neoplasms. The results indicated that computer-assisted nuclear morphometry could be used as an additional method for differentiation of benign from malignant canine mammary gland tumours in cytological specimens.