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91.
土地利用方式及土壤特性对土壤调节雨水效率的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
One of the most important functions of soils is to regulate rainwater and mitigate flooding and associated damages; this function can be estimated by the rainwater regulation ratio (η), i.e., percent of regulated rainwater. Fifteen experimental plots were set up on the hills in Yingtan of Jiangxi Province, southern China. These plots were under three land use patterns, cultivated cropland, noncultivated land, and orchard interplanted with cash crops. With aid of an artificial rainfall simulator and Guelph method, rainfall, runoff, soil infiltration, and so on were measured in situ. Results showed that the orchard interplanted with cash crops was more effective in regulating rainwater than the other two land use patterns. When the maximum infiltration intensity was three times higher than the observed mean,η was higher than 70% for all plots. 77 was related to land use, slope gradient, and soil properties such as soil infiltration, organic carbon, bulk density, and texture. There is still more room to improve capacity of rainwater drainage (underground percolation) than that of rainwater storage in soils. Therefore, enhancing soil permeability is vital to improve the rainwater regulation efficiency in soils. 相似文献
92.
刘洪义 《东北农业大学学报》2001,32(3):310-312
试验证明 ,谷糜病毒病毒原的传毒介体为灰飞虱 (L aodel phax striatella Fallen) ,不能经卵传毒 ,生物学测定及田间调查表明 ,该病毒病的症状在谷糜上略有不同 ,二者均表现为矮化、丛生、花叶、后期叶片变红 ,这与小麦丛矮病显著不同 ;谷子还表现硬穗症状。寄主范围与小麦丛矮病一致。EL ISA及免疫电镜测定结果表明 ,该病毒与小麦丛矮病的抗血清呈阳性反应 ,结果证实该病毒为小麦丛矮病毒 (WRSV) ,又称北方禾谷花叶病毒 (NCMV)。 相似文献
93.
采用响应曲面法优化甘草饮片中甘草酸的超声提取工艺 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据Box-B ehnken的中心组合实验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上,采用三因素三水平的响应曲面分析法,建立了甘草饮片中甘草酸超声提取的二次多项数学模型,并以甘草酸提取率为响应值作响应面和等高线,考察了浸泡时间、超声时间和液固比对甘草酸超声提取的影响。结果表明,甘草酸超声提取的优化工艺条件为:浸泡时间151.3 m in,超声时间48.8 m in,液固比10.2 mL/g;在此工艺条件下,甘草酸提取率为21.06%。 相似文献
94.
为筛选SOCS6基因启动子区域单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNP)并研究其对启动子功能元件的影响,选择品种差异较大的贵州荷斯坦奶牛和务川黑牛构建DNA池,直接测序筛选SNP位点.结果表明,SOCS6基因5'调控区存在4个SNP位点,分别为T-513G、C-401T、A-332G和T-180G.生物信息学软件预测得到SOCS6基因核心启动子区和CpG岛,SNP位点导致附近部分转录因子结合位点消失和新位点产生.多态性位点对转录因子结合位点有显著影响,但并不改变CpG岛大小. 相似文献
95.
杨衡 《农业图书情报学刊》2005,17(3):154-157
本文从语言特点、编排体例及内容特点出发,对《中图法》(第四版)类目注释进行了系统的认识,并就此提出了自己的一些看法。 相似文献
96.
研究了酸性(pH5.1)和近中性(pH6.4)壳聚糖溶液引发4个玉米种子材料后,对发芽和幼苗生理特性的影响.结果表明,两种酸度壳聚糖溶液引发都能显著提高4个玉米材料的发芽势,缩短平均发芽时间,增加苗高和叶绿素含量;3种玉米新种子引发后的发芽率与对照无显著差异,但超甜3号陈种子处理低于对照.pH5.1壳聚糖引发处理后,苏玉1号和超甜3号幼苗的POD活性显著提高,MDA含量显著降低;超甜3号陈种子POD活性显著降低,MDA含量处理与对照没有显著差异;玉米幼苗的CAT活性与对照无显著差异.表明,壳聚糖可作为一种新的引发剂用于处理玉米种子,同时两种酸度壳聚糖溶液引发处理间无显著差异,均可提高玉米种子的活力. 相似文献
97.
The origin,evolution, cultivation,dissemination, and diversification of Asian and African rices 总被引:28,自引:0,他引:28
Te-Tzu Chang 《Euphytica》1976,25(1):425-441
Summary Available evidences drawn from biosystematics, evolutionary biology, biogeography, archaeology, history, anthropology, paleo-geology and paleo-meteorology are pooled to reconstruct the series of events that led to the cosmopolitan cultivation of the Asian cultivated rice (O. sativa) and the regionalized planting of the African cultigen (O. glaberrima) in West Africa. The genus Oryza originated in the Gondwanaland continents and, following the fracture of the supercontinent, became widely distributed in the humid tropics of Africa, South America, South and Southeast Asia, and Oceania. The two cultivated species have had a common progenitor in the distant past. Parallel and independent evolutionary processes occurred in Africa and in Asia, following the sequence of: wild perennialwild annualcultivated annual. The weed races also contributed to the differentiation of the cultivated annuals. The corresponding members of the above series are O. longistaminata
Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii
A. Chev., O. glaberrima
Steud., and the stapfii forms of O. glaberrima in Africa; O. rufipogon
Griff., O. nivara
Sharma et Shastry, O. sativa L., and the spontanea forms of O. sativa in Asia.The differentiation and diversification of the annuals in South Asia were accelerated by marked climatic changes following the last glacial age, dispersal of plants over latitude or altitude, human selection, and manipulation of the cultural environment.Cultivation of rice began in many parts of South and Southeast Asia, probably first in Ancient India. Cultural techniques such as puddling and transplanting were first developed in north and central China and later transmitted to Southeast Asia. Wetland culture preceded dryland culture in China, but in hilly areas of Southeast Asia, dryland cultivation is older than lowland culture. The planting method progressed from shifting cultivation to direct sowing in permanent fields, then to transplanting in bunded fields.Widespread dispersal of the Asian cultigen led to the formation of three eco-geographic races (Indica. Sinica or Japonica, and Javanica) and distinct cultural types in monsoon Asia (upland, lowland, and deep water). Varietal types changed readily within the span of a millenium, largely due to cultivators' preferences, socio-religious traditions, and population pressure. Genetic differentiation developed parallel to the ecologic diversification process.The African cultigen developed later than the Asian cultigen and has undergone less diversification. The wild races in South America and Oceania retain their primitive features mainly due to lack of cultivation pressure or dispersal.Both the African and Asian rices are still undergoing evolutionary changes at habitats where the wild, weed, and cultivated races co-exist. 相似文献
98.
Summary A germ plasm collection of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., with about 900 lines from over twenty countries was evaluated in Utah, USA for head width and outer involucral bracts (OIB) dimensions, traits affected by both human and natural selection. The regional germ plasm pools contained considerable variability for these traits. Plants bearing short or long as well as narrow or wide OIB were well adapted. Geographical clines were detected for the means of OIB dimensions, indicating possible gene flow. The correlations of the OIB dimensions with yield, yield components, oil content and growing period were not instructive and at times very inconsistent. Primary head diameter varied considerably within the regional gene pools. Its correlations with yield/plant, number of heads/plant, seed weight and oil content were inconsistent. Capitulum width was positively and significantly correlated with the number of seeds per head. Head diameter, however, can vary considerably without affecting seed yield per unit area. 相似文献
99.
100.