紫茎泽兰水浸液对不同玉米品种的化感效应分析

利用生物检测法研究了不同采收时期紫茎泽兰的茎叶水浸液对不同品种玉米种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:不同受体品种对紫茎泽兰化感效应的敏感性存在差异,各品种敏感性(敏感指数M3)顺序为:云瑞1号(-0.086 5)白糯1号(-0.068 2)鲁三3号(-0.038 6)。紫茎泽兰水浸液化感效应大小与其浓度密切相关。12月份采收的紫茎泽兰,其茎叶水浸液对玉米的化感抑制作用随浓度增加而增强。而4月份采收的紫茎泽兰,其茎叶水浸液在低浓度(0.001 g/m L)时对各品种均有化感促进作用;中浓度(0.005 g/m L)时,对白糯1号、鲁三3号有促进作用,但对云瑞1号呈抑制作用;高浓度(0.025 g/m L)时,对所有供试玉米品种均表现为化感抑制效应,其中对鲁三3号的抑制作用最强。紫茎泽兰化感效应与其采收时期关系密切,4月份采收的紫茎泽兰,其茎叶水浸液表现出更强的化感抑制效应。     

棉花水浸提液对西瓜、大豆的化感作用研究

为探究“瓜、棉、豆”套作体系在农业生产中可行性利用的生理基础,通过盆栽试验,研究陆地棉根部水浸提液对白菜、西瓜和大豆种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应。结果表明:100g·L^-1的棉花根部浸提液原液,显著抑制了3种作物的种子萌发。稀释4倍的根部水浸提液对白菜种子萌发的抑制作用显著,萌发率相比水处理下降了10.54%,但该浓度下大豆、京欣西瓜和新小玉西瓜的种子萌发率分别为86.6%、86.7%和87.53%,对比水处理无显著变化。原液浓度的棉花根部浸提液极显著抑制了白菜幼苗的生长,并使白菜植株体内的SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性显著下降,大豆和西瓜的POD等保护酶活性并无显著影响。不同浓度的棉花根系浸提液对白菜和大豆表现出低浓度促进而高浓度抑制现象,不同浓度的棉花根系浸提液对西瓜表现出低浓度促进而高浓度不抑制现象。     

海洋大型绿藻条浒苔与微藻三角褐指藻相生相克作用的研究

以种群密度为变量,采用实验生态学手段研究了大型海藻条浒苔与赤潮藻类三角褐指藻间的生长竞争关系,以及条浒苔水溶性抽提液对三角褐指藻生长的影响。结果表明,在无营养盐限制条件下,低密度条浒苔(0.3~0.7 g/L)均能抑制三角褐指藻(起始浓度104cell/ml)的生长,最大抑制率为74.5%;低起始浓度(102~103cell/ml)的三角褐指藻,对条浒苔具有促生长效应,而高起始浓度(104~105cell/ml)的三角褐指藻在一定程度上抑制条浒苔的生长。条浒苔水溶性抽提液(0.3~0.7 g/L)对三角褐指藻的生长皆表现出明显的抑制效应,平均抑制率为75.2%,抑制效果较条浒苔鲜组织更为明显;其最大抑制效应(84.8%)表现在接种后的第8天,三角褐指藻的生长抑制量随条浒苔水溶性抽提液浓度的增加而增大。表明条浒苔可能通过相生相克作用影响共培养体系中三角褐指藻的生长。     

Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of Piscicidal Plants and Their Utilization in Aquaculture

Aqueous and ethanol extracts of Acacia pennata (bark), Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit), Diospyros lenceofolia (fruit), and Sapindus mukorossi (fruit) were evaluated as piscicides on the freshwater fish Danio dangila, Danio rerio, and Puntius shalynius, and the air-breathing Heteropneustes fossilis. Catunaregam uliginosa (fruit) possessed relatively higher piscicidal potency followed by Sapindus mukorossi (fruit), Acacia pennata (bark), and lastly Diospyros lanceofolia (fruit). Catunaregam uliginosa can thus be used for eradicating unwanted wild fishes in a short time span at low concentrations so that the health of aquatic environment is maintained.     

Comparison of the response of ion distribution in the tissues and cells of the succulent plants Aloe vera and Salicornia europaea to saline stress

There exists a great variability among plant species regarding their sensitivity and resistance to high salinity in soil, and most often this variability is related with the ability of a particular plant species to regulate ion homeostasis and transport. In this study, we have investigated the effects of NaCl on growth rate, water status, and ion distribution in different cells and tissues of two succulent plants, Aloe vera and Salicornia europaea. Our results showed that the growth of A. vera seedlings was significantly decreased in response to salinity. However, the growth of S. europaea seedlings was greatly stimulated by high concentrations of NaCl. Under saline conditions, S. europaea seedlings maintained K⁺ and Ca²⁺ uptake in roots and showed a higher root‐to‐shoot flux of Na⁺ and Cl^– as compared to A. vera. Despite great accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl^– in photosynthetically active shoot cells in S. europaea, its growth was enhanced, indicating S. europaea is capable of compartmentalizing salt ions in the vacuoles of shoot cells. Aloe vera seedlings, however, showed a low transport rate of Na⁺ and Cl^– to leaves and suppressed uptake of K⁺ and Ca²⁺ in roots during NaCl treatment. Our results also implicate that A. vera may be able to accumulate Na⁺ and Cl^– in the metabolically inactive aqueous cells in leaves and, as a result, the plant can survive and can maintain growth under saline conditions.     

脱羧腰果壳液在涂料中的应用

采用天然植物油（脱羧腰果壳液）、己二异异氰酸酯和聚乙二醇在较温和的条件下反应，制得了水溶性的氨基甲酸酯加成物，以此和低醚化度甲醚三聚氰氨甲醚甲醛树脂制备了水性涂料。研究了配方和性能的关系，确定了最佳配方，产品性能为：D工0．56，冲击强度50kg.cm;附着力2级；柔性性0．5mm；耐100℃沸水合格。该工艺为腰果壳液的综合利用开辟了一条新的途径。     

醋酸水溶液处理对杉树材影响

为了研究醋酸水溶液处理给杉树材重量带来的变化,使用醋酸水溶液对杉树材进行了处理。结果发现处理后杉树材重量的减小量大约等于抽出物的重量,而且随着醋酸水溶液浓度的增加而增加。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱法对处理后的杉树材及抽出物进行了光谱分析。从处理后杉树材的光谱图可以观察到3400cm-1附近的OH伸缩振动及1510cm-1附近的木质素中苯环C=C伸缩振动的吸收强度有增加倾向。从醋酸水溶液抽出物光谱图可以发现用浓度30%醋酸水溶液处理时木质素被溶出。图2表2参6。     

油茶水浸液对紫苏种子萌发及幼苗生长的化感效应

以武汉野生紫苏种子为材料,研究了不同浓度油茶水浸液对紫苏种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明:低浓度(0.005、0.010、0.020 g/mL)的油茶水浸液对紫苏种子的萌发无显著影响;中等浓度(0.030 g/mL)可显著促进种子萌发;高浓度(0.040 g/mL)则显著抑制紫苏种子萌发.油茶水浸液对紫苏幼苗根生长表现为明显的低促高抑作用,对茎生长则表现出一定的促进作用,其中浓度为0.030 g/mL促进作用最为明显.     

白发藓和大灰藓提取液对作物种子的影响

测定3种浓度梯度的白发藓、大灰藓的配子体水提液对绿豆、萝卜、甜椒、油菜、玉米5种作物种子的发芽率、胚根长、胚根重、幼苗鲜重等指标的影响。结果显示:3种不同浓度的白发藓提取液对作物种子的胚根长、胚根鲜重和幼苗鲜重均呈抑制作用;而大灰藓提取液对作物种子的胚根长、胚根鲜重和幼苗鲜重在高浓度下呈抑制作用,在低浓度下呈促进作用。2种苔藓提取液对作物种子萌发指标的影响力大小依次为:胚根长>胚根鲜重>幼苗鲜重>发芽率,胚根长是较好的生物测定指标,发芽率则是不敏感的生物测定指标。绿豆、萝卜和油菜是测定2种苔藓提取液对种子萌发影响力较好的实验材料。     

牛心朴子草对烟草病毒病的防效试验

采用室内枯斑寄主法和田间生测试验,测定了植物源Antofine抗病毒水剂——牛心朴子草W制剂对烟草病毒病的防治效果。室内测定结果显示:将牛心朴子草W制剂与病毒汁液混合后接种,对病毒的抑制效果为70%~80%;先喷制剂,24 h后再接种病毒,对病毒抑制效果为40%~50%;先接种病毒,2 h后再喷制剂,基本无抑制效果。田间对烟草病毒病的防治效果显示:牛心朴子草W制剂对PVY、CMV和TMV的综合防治效果为40%~50%,与目前生产上用的常规药剂病毒必克和菌克毒克防效相近。