结缕草属植物的抗旱性初步评价

以目前生产上广泛应用的‘兰引3号’结缕草、‘青岛结缕草’和马尼拉为对照,对48份结缕草种源的表征永久萎蔫系数(APWI)进行了测定并分析,结果如下:1)各种源的APWI的变异范围为8.7 8%~1 3.4 1%,变异系数为9.10%。在48份供试种源中,APWI显著低于‘兰引3号’结缕草的有6份种源;APWI显著低于马尼拉的有2份种源;APWI显著低于‘青岛结缕草’的有15份种源;APWI同时显著低于3份对照的有2份种源。结缕草属植物的APWI存在极显著的差异。2)结缕草属植物不同种的APWI不同,其排序为:中华结缕草>大穗结缕草>结缕草>沟叶结缕草=细叶结缕草,其中变异系数最大为结缕草。3)APWI在结缕草、中华结缕草种内存在着极显著的差异,且结缕草种内抗旱性差异明显高于中华结缕草种内差异。4)结缕草属植物的APWI与经度和纬度均未发现显著相关;结缕草、中华结缕草种内的APWI与经纬度也未发现显著的线性相关。     

不同水平丁酸钠对肉仔鸡养分利用率的影响

为了研究不同添加水平包膜和不包膜(粉剂)丁酸钠对肉仔鸡养分利用率的影响,本研究选用42日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡72只,随机分为9个处理,每个处理4个重复,每个重复2只鸡。分别饲喂对应日粮:处理A为基础日粮;处理B为基础日粮+抗生素(杆菌肽锌40mg/kg+硫酸粘杆菌素8mg/kg);处理C、D、E分别为基础日粮+100、200、300mg/kg粉剂丁酸钠;处理F、G、H分别为基础日粮+100、200、300mg/kg包膜丁酸钠;处理Ⅰ为内源组。收集饲料和排泄物样品进行干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和代谢能的测定。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,两种剂型丁酸钠能够提高肉仔鸡干物质、粗蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维和总能的表观代谢率和真代谢率,剂量达200mg/kg和300mg/kg时可起到部分替代杆菌肽锌和硫酸粘杆菌素的作用。肉仔鸡的表观和真实代谢率随着丁酸钠添加水平的增加而提高,包膜丁酸钠的作用效果优于粉剂丁酸钠。本试验研究范围内,推荐肉仔鸡日粮生产中的最适添加量为200mg/kg包膜或粉剂丁酸钠。     

Replacement of Fishmeal by a Mixture of Soybean Meal and Chlorella Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Crucian Carp,Carassius auratus

A growth trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a mixture of soybean meal and Chlorella meal (SCM) as a dietary fishmeal (FM) substitute on growth performance, apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), digestive enzymatic activities, and histology of juvenile crucian carp, Carassius auratus. Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to replace 0 (SCM0), 25 (SCM25), 50 (SCM50), 75 (SCM75), and 100% (SCM100) of protein from FM with SCM, respectively. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of juvenile crucian carp for 6 wk. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency ratio, and intestinal digestive enzymatic activities (amylase, trypsin, and lipase) tended to decline with increasing FM replacement levels (P > 0.05). Dietary SCM substitution significantly influenced dry matter content in muscle, and crude protein and lipid contents in liver (P < 0.05). ADCs for dry matter, protein, lipid, energy, and most amino acids showed no significant differences between the control and SCM25 group, but tended to decline with replacement levels over 25%. Higher SCM substitution (50–100%) caused karyopyknosis and necrosis in liver, but intestinal histology did not show noticeable pathological changes. The present study indicated that FM could be replaced by 25% of SCM, without significant adverse growth performance, feed utilization, and histology of crucian carp.     

Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum from Pig on Growth Performance,Nutrient Apparent Digestibility,Faecal Microflora Number and Serum Immune Indices in Weaned Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of Lactobacillus fermentum on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, faecal microflora number and serum immune indices of weaned piglets.A total of 160 weaned piglets with an average age of (30±2) days and averge body weight of (7.85±0.68) kg were randomly distributed into 4 groups with 4 replicates per group and 10 piglets per replicate feeding basal diet, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation diets, respectively.The experiment lasted for 35 d.The results showed that, compared with the control group, the average daily gain, the feed conversion ratio, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorusin of Lactobacillus fermentum groups were all increased in varying degrees.The optimum supplemental level of Lactobacillus fermentum should be 0.2%, and at this level, the average daily gain was significantly increased by 8.70% (P<0.05), the F/G was decreased by 4.62% (P<0.05), the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus were significantly increased (P<0.05), the number of faecal E.coli was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the serum IgG was significantly increased by 8.39% (P<0.05).The results indicated that Lactobacillus fermentum supplementation could improve the immune function, growth performance, the apparent digestibility of crude protein, calcium and total phosphorus and reduce the number of faecal E.coli of weaned piglets.     

东北春玉米连作体系土壤剖面无机氮的变化特征

【目的】研究不同施肥方式对东北春玉米生长及连作体系土壤中氮素含量的影响,为春玉米的合理施肥提供理论依据。【方法】2005-2006年,在东北中部黑土春玉米连作区进行2年的田间定点试验,研究了一次性施肥（农民习惯施肥1、农民习惯施肥2）和推荐施肥条件下,玉米不同生育阶段地上部生物量和吸氮量及土壤无机氮含量的变化特征,并对土壤氮素表观盈亏进行了估算。【结果】玉米地上部生物量和吸氮量均随施氮量的增加而增大,其中推荐施肥处理的生物量和吸氮量均最高。施氮显著增加了0～90 cm土层中的无机氮含量。2个习惯施肥处理土壤的硝态氮含量受降雨量的影响较大,且下移明显;推荐施肥处理可明显降低硝态氮在土壤中的残留。土壤氮素表观盈亏取决于氮肥用量,2006年农民习惯施肥1处理的土壤氮素表观盈余量最高,且多以残留硝态氮的形式累积在深层土壤中。【结论】在东北黑土春玉米连作区,氮肥一次性基施会导致土壤中的无机氮高残留,增加氮损失,易对该地区的生态环境造成威胁,本试验中的推荐施肥是较好的施肥方式。     

三颗针提取物对肉仔鸡生长、养分表观代谢率和消化酶活性的影响

研究了日粮中添加抗生素或不同剂量三颗针提取物对肉仔鸡生长、养分表观代谢率和部分消化酶活性的影响。选择240只1日龄艾维茵肉仔鸡,随机分为4个处理,每个处理6个重复,每重复10只鸡,公母各半。处理1饲喂基础日粮添加5mg·kg-1阿维拉霉素,处理2,3,4分别在基础日粮中添加三颗针提取物0.2%,0.35%,0.5%,进行7周的饲养试验和代谢试验。结果表明:与添加阿维拉霉素组相比,添加不同量三颗针提取物,肉仔鸡7周末体重、日增重、料重比均没有显著差异(P>0.05),添加0.35%,0.5%三颗针提取物显著降低了肉仔鸡采食量(P<0.05),极显著降低了粗蛋白质、钙和总磷表观代谢率(P<0.01),分别显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)降低了粗脂肪表观代谢率;除添加0.2%三颗针提取物极显著提高了淀粉酶活性外(P<0.01),其他均极显著降低了淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性(P<0.01)。试验说明,与添加阿维拉霉素相比,肉仔鸡日粮中添加三颗针提取物可不降低肉仔鸡生长性能,但随添加量的增加,可降低肉仔鸡的采食量,不利于肉仔鸡养分表观消化率和消化酶活性的提高。     

植酸酶对仔猪生产性能、养分表观消化率及粪、骨、血中钙、磷影响的研究

选用48头体重相近,体质健康的三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪为试验动物,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,对照组为正常磷酸氢钙水平日粮,实验组日粮中添加5000 U/g植酸酶100 g/t替代50%磷酸氢钙。试验结果表明:在饲料中添加5000 U/g的植酸酶,能够使猪的日增重较对照组提高8．85%(P＜0．05),日采食量较对照组提高3．42%,饲料转化效率提高5．08%;钙、磷的表观消化率分别提高了14．29%(P＜0．05)、18．83%(P＜0．05),对粗蛋白质的表观消化率影响不大;添加植酸酶后粪中钙的排出减少21．05%(P＜0．01),粪中磷的排出减少17．91%(P＜0．01);骨中的钙、磷变化不大,全血中的钙提高了9．30%,磷提高了17．91%(P＜0．01);血清中钙提高12．62%,磷提高了7．08%。     

4个牡丹品种光合特性的比较研究

在田间栽培条件下,用英国C IRAS-1型便携式光合仪对4个不同株高牡丹品种的光合特性进行了比较研究.结果表明,4个牡丹品种净光合速率日变化均为双峰曲线,有明显的"午休"现象.在日变化及季节变化中,佛门袈裟的净光合速率显著地高于其他品种,其光合作用表观量子效率、羧化效率也最高.品种间光饱和点的差异不显著,但光补偿点则表现为佛门袈裟明显低于其他品种.     

紫荆光合日进程及光响应

自然条件下使用LCA-4型便携式光合测定系统研究了紫荆连体叶片的光合日变化及光响应。结果表明:(1)净光合速率的日进程曲线呈“双峰”型,胞间CO2浓度的日进程基本与净光合速率相反,中午胞间CO2浓度增高,表明净光合速率午间降低主要受非气孔限制因素的影响。暗呼吸速率日进程为单峰曲线,中午最高。气孔阻力的日变化曲线是单谷型,午间最低。(2)一天分时段光响应试验表明,饱和光强和表观量子效率上午最高,中午最低,下午有所上升。下午的光补偿点是上午的2倍,中午则是上午的近3倍。不同时段遮光都使得气孔阻力和胞间CO2浓度升高。     

Effects of Microbial Phytase Supplementation in Corn Distiller's Dried Grain with Solubles on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Rainbow Trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of microbial phytase in corn distiller's dried grain with solubles (DDGS) on apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) and growth performance of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. In experiment 1, DDGS was supplemented with phytase at 0,300,600,900, and 1200 FTU/kg diet. A total of 180 fish (129.1±9.3 g) were stocked into six 140-L tanks with 30 fish/tank. Fish were assigned randomly to a reference diet and each of the 5 diets containing DDGS. Yttrium oxide was used as an inert marker. Results showed that ADCs in DDGS supplemented with different dosages of phytase were: dry matter, 49.1-58.6%; crude fat, 78.9-88.9%; crude protein, 80.0-91.9%; gross energy, 50.5-66.6%; minerals, -7.3-99.7%; and amino acids: 73.9 to 96.8%. In experiment 2, abasal diet containing 15% DDGS supplemented with lysine and methionine was used to determine if trace mineral supplemental levels in rainbow trout diets could be reduced if microbial phytase was supplemented. Six diets were made with trace mineral premix supplementation at 0.1, 0.08, 0.06, 0.04, 0.02, and 0%. Phytase was not supplemented in the basal diet, but supplemented at 500 FTU/kg diet in all other diets. Ten-week results showed that there were no significant differences in fish weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and survival (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in fish body composition and apparent nutrient retention among fish fed all diets, except that fish fed a diet without trace mineral supplementation had the lowest zinc level and the highest manganese retention. Results indicated that phytase was effective in releasing most of minerals, and that trace mineral supplementation level could be reduced when phytase was used in rainbow trout diets.