不同碳输入方式对沿海防护林土壤氮库的影响

为探究凋落物和根系在滨海沙地人工林土壤氮循环中所扮演的角色,设置去除凋落物、切断根系、对照3种处理,分析3种典型沿海防护林(尾巨桉、纹荚相思、木麻黄)土壤氮素对不同碳输入的响应。结果表明：滨海沙地土壤矿质氮含量(2.91－4.49 mg?kg－1)远低于内陆森林土壤;3种人工林土壤矿质氮含量表现为纹荚相思>木麻黄>尾巨桉,其中纹荚相思与尾巨桉土壤矿质氮含量差异显著( P<0.05);不同树种土壤硝态氮( NO－3－N)含量存在显著差异,表现为纹荚相思>木麻黄>尾巨桉。树种对切断根系或去除凋落物的响应不一致,切断根系后纹荚相思和木麻黄土壤NO－3－N含量显著高于对照,对铵态氮( NH＋4－N )含量影响不显著;切断根系和去除凋落物处理后土壤硝化作用均增强,对尾巨桉的影响达显著水平( P<0.05);切断根系和去除凋落物均显著降低尾巨桉和纹荚相思土壤微生物量氮( MBN)含量,对土壤可溶性有机氮( DON)的影响与之相反。土壤NO－3－N与土壤MBN之间存在极显著的负相关关系( r＝－0.671, P<0.01),与土壤DON呈极显著正相关( r＝0.900, P<0.01),土壤DOC与NO－3－N、 NH＋4－N之间分别存在显著的负相关( r＝－0.413, P<0.05)和极显著的正相关关系( r＝0.461, P<0.01)。     

金鱼藻对水中氟污染物去除作用的研究

用不同浓度的氟化钠溶液对金鱼藻进行培养,研究氟化钠对金鱼藻生长和生理作用的影响,并测定金鱼藻对水中氟离子的去除效果。结果表明：随着培养液中氟化钠浓度以及培养时间的增加,金鱼藻的叶绿素含量呈缓慢上升趋势。当氟化钠浓度较低时,金鱼藻中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）酶活性较大,而过氧化物酶（POD）酶活性较小;随着氟化钠浓度的增加,SOD 酶活性逐渐减小,POD酶活性逐渐增大。丙二醛的含量随时间的延长,在整体上有所下降。通过测定溶液中氟离子浓度的变化,结果表明：在50 mg/L氟化钠浓度下,金鱼藻去氟的效果最好,培养4 d时去除率最高、为38.55%。金鱼藻在受到氟污染时可以很好地启动自身的防御机制,对氟有良好的去除作用。     

磁性纳米Fe3O4对水中磷的吸附去除研究

建立了一种基于磁性Fe3O4纳米材料吸附除磷的方法,研究了Fe3O4纳米微粒浓度、溶液pH值、反应时间及温度等因素对磷去除的影响,并进一步探讨了吸附动力学及吸附等温线.结果表明,纳米Fe3O4对溶液中磷的去除率随时间的增加而增加,在5h可达到吸附平衡.在优化条件下对磷的去除可达90％,可用于处理含磷废水.由于纳米Fe3O4有很好的磁性,在外磁场作用下容易实现快速的固液分离,在磷废水处理中有潜在应用价值.     

除氨菌系对牛粪堆肥氮素转化的影响

为了减轻牛粪堆肥过程中NH3释放对环境的污染及氮素损失,在牛粪堆肥时添加除氨菌系,研究其对氮素形态转化的影响。加除氨菌系处理的NH4+-N、NH3较对照分别降低20.47%和61.21%,全氮、NO3--N较对照分别提高11.63%和65.01%,酸解有机氮、氨基酸态氮、酰胺态氮和氨基糖态氮含量分别提高12.42%、11.26%、16.92%和19.51%。表明除氨菌系在牛粪堆肥过程中,能够固定NH4+-N向有机氮各组分转化,减少NH3挥发,具有较好的保氮作用。     

耐冷菌强化去除农田径流污染水体中氮磷的模拟研究

通过室内模拟实验研究1株土著反硝化菌(Acinetobacter johnsonii DBP-3)对农田径流污染水体中氮磷的低温生物强化去除特征。结果表明:10℃下避光好氧培养时菌株对水样中的硝酸盐氮和溶解性正磷酸盐具有较强的去除能力,培养8d后灭菌水样和原水样中硝酸盐氮的浓度分别下降了78.5%和70.2%,溶解性正磷酸盐的浓度分别下降了82.4%和74.6%,与未投加菌的对照组相比差异显著。菌株在低温模拟系统中具有较强的适应能力,实验周期内能够保持数量上的优势。与10℃相比,培养温度为25℃时,菌株的脱氮除磷能力明显增强,5℃时菌株的氮磷代谢能力明显降低,但与对照相比,菌株对氮磷仍然保持一定的代谢活性。菌株在模拟系统中对盐度具有较强的抗性,当盐度为10%时,其氮磷代谢能力才受到明显的抑制。多菌灵和毒死蜱的浓度分别为80.0,60.0mg/L时才对菌株的生长代谢产生明显的抑制作用,表明菌株对这2种农药的耐性较强。研究结果说明,实验用菌株在低温条件下不仅具有明显的脱氮除磷能力,而且对盐度和常见的农药具有较强的抗性,在面源污染的治理方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

江坪河放空洞有压洞口段衬砌混凝土冬季温控方案分析

冬季衬砌混凝土施工面临的寒潮等问题,容易导致混凝土产生裂缝.基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,对江坪河放空洞有压段洞口段衬砌厚度为1.0 m的混凝土的拆模时间、围岩特性以及在遭遇寒潮时保温与否等6种不同的方案的进行了分析,并提出相应的温控方案和温控标准供设计与施工参考.     

Efficacy of road removal for restoring wildlife habitat: Black bear in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA

Forest roads reduce habitat quality for wildlife, in part by increasing susceptibility to hunting and poaching. Road removal is an increasingly common strategy for restoring habitat; however, little is known about responses of wildlife to road removal versus other methods of road closure. We assessed effects of different types of road closure (gated, barriered, and recontoured) on black bear (Ursus americanus) frequency and habitat on 18 open and closed road pairs in the western USA. Over 4 years, 44 bears were photographed during 3545 camera-trap days. Bear frequency was significantly higher (2.4 versus 0.6/100 days, respectively) and human frequency was significantly lower (2.4 versus 361.6/100 days, respectively) on closed than on open roads. Additionally, abundance of fall foods was higher (23.9% and 12.8%, respectively) and line-of-sight (a measure of habitat security) shorter (54.9 versus 69.4 m, respectively) on closed compared to open roads. Bears were detected on closed but not on open roads during daytime, suggesting avoidance of humans. Among-road-treatment differences included significantly higher frequency of bears on recontoured than on gated or barriered roads (4.6, 1.6, and 0.5/100 days, respectively), and significantly higher cover of fall bear foods on recontoured than on gated or barriered roads (39.3%, 12.1% and 16.4%, respectively). Frequency of bears was negatively correlated with frequency of humans and line-of-sight distance and positively correlated with abundance of fall foods and hiding cover. Results suggest that while all types of road closure benefit sensitive wildlife, removal by recontour may be the most effective strategy for restoring habitat.     

好氧颗粒污泥实现同步除磷脱氮的试验研究

在厌氧反应1h，好氧反应4h，缺氧反应2h的运行条件下，研究了序批式反应器中好氧颗粒污泥同步除磷脱氮的情况，并对好氧颗粒污泥除磷脱氮的机理进行了探讨．试验结果表明，该系统对氮、磷和有机物具有良好的去除效果，对氨氮、总无机氮、磷、COD的去除率分别达到89．2％～98．9％，81．3％～89．4％，86．8％～90．0％和82．7％～96．6％。     

微生物絮凝剂处理淀粉废水

以微生物絮凝剂(MBF7)处理淀粉工业废水.结果表明,在1 L废水中投加质量分数10%的CaCl25 mL,MBF720 mL,在PH9的条件下,分别以600、400、140、70和30 r/min搅拌20s、20s、20s、2 min和3 min时反应条件最佳,浊度去除率高达96.4%.     

Movements of free oxides in paddy soil profiles (Part 1)

In this paper, the results of observations of soil profiles and the investigations of movements of free oxides in two soil types of dry paddy fields Which carry barley or wheat in the period of winter crops are set forth. Their parent materials are charty somewhat accompanied with shales and granite, and in Soil A and B a small quantity of volcanic ash is contained. The structure develops Well in all the soils.