Experimental analysis of the abrasive belt follow-up grinding of Zirconium-4 alloys tubes and pipes

Abrasive belt grinding experiments of Zr-4 nuclear power tube are carried out by using three different abrasive belts with same size, and the interactive generating mechanism between abrasive and workpiece is analyzed, the main factors of material removal rate and surface roughness of Zr-4 alloys are obtained. With the help of the advanced test facilities, the abrasive grain abrasion and surface topography of the workpiece are observed. The metallographic structure and microhardness of the layer of burnt surface during Zr-4 alloys Grinding are analyzed. Some conclusions are given as follows: the material removal rate and surface roughness are mainly affected by the factors of belt speed, grinding pressure, hardness of the contact wheel and abrasive type, of which, the belt speed is the strongest factor. The adhesion wear of the Zirconium corundum and aluminium oxide abrasive grit is more serious, the most important wear form of silicon carbide is abrasion wear. With the onset of grinding burn, the mechanical properties of Zr-4 alloys are deteriorated obviously. The results provide a theoretical and experimental basis for technical optimization in the grinding of Zr-4 alloys with efficiency and high quality.     

梅花鹿初角茸的常规成分和矿物质元素分析

对双阳梅花鹿初角茸的常规成分和部分矿物质元素进行分析,以便为梅花鹿初角茸的应用提供参考,为制定梅花鹿茸指标性成分标准做基础性探讨,结果表明:梅花鹿初角茸中含有水分6.87%,粗蛋白54.88%,粗脂肪2.46%,粗灰分37.07%;水浸出物10.81%,醇浸出物2.29%,醚浸出物1.36%;常量元素Ca、P、Na、K、Mg、Mn的含量分别为195.340,71.700,7.066,2.476,3.443,5.810 mg/g,微量元素Fe、Zn、Cu的含量分别为176.63,66.93,8.61μg/g。     

Effect of organic carbon on nitrogen removal and microbial community in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process

Different synthetic wastewaters are used to analyze the effect of organic carbon on the nitrogen removal and microbial community in the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal process. Results show that the nitrogen removal performance is improved by control of DO at a reasonable C/N ratio. The NH +4-N is removed in several ways. When the influent without any organic carbon, the most of ammonium is removed in nitrification-ANAMMOX metabolic pathway; the contribution of nitrification-ANAMMOX decreases, while the conventional nitrification-denitrification process enhanced with the addition of organic carbon. PCR-DGGE and statistical analyses show that the microbial diversity in SBBR reactor fed with organic wastewater is more abundant than it fed with inorganic wastewater,and this exhibits obvious in the biofilm, which also indicate that it helps to format the aerobic-anaerobic microenvironment,so nitrogen can be removed in different ways in one reactor.     

Canine wobbler syndrome: A study of the Dobermann pinscher in New Zealand

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of wobbler disease within a Dobermann pinscher population from three geographical locations in New Zealand. The study population consisted of 138 adults (aged 1–13 years) and 32 puppies (aged 6 weeks to 11 months). Data collected for each dog included age, sex, geographic location, if a choker chain was used or not and, in adults, the following body measurements: dimensions of head length, head circumference, width between shoulders, neck length, height at withers and withers to rump length. In addition, lateral radiographs were taken of the caudal cervical vertebrae of each dog and the radiological abnormalities associated with wobbler disease scored, so that each dog could be assigned to one of three radiological groupings. Based upon a neurological examination, each animal was also placed into one of three neurological groupings. The relationship between radiological and neurological groupings and the independent variables was initially compared using a univariate and subsequently a multivariate analysis.

It was found that 48.8% of the dogs investigated had some abnormal radiological sign associated with wobbler disease, and 32.0% of them showed neurological signs. Dogs with radiological signs of the disease were 5.56 times more likely to have neurological signs. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that more severe radiological and neurological abnormalities occurred in the older dogs. In addition, dogs located in Hawke's Bay region had less chance of showing radiological changes than dogs from the other two regions, Hamilton and Wellington. Twelve of the 32 puppies were examined for radiological and neurological changes over the first year of their life. No abnormalities were detected in puppies under 12 weeks of age, but 28% (n=9) of the 32 puppies over 3 months of age did show some radiological changes. Only 9%(n=3) of puppies showed any neurological signs. Although several pedigree lines were investigated, the lineage data were incomplete, and therefore there was no conclusive evidence that wobbler disease was an inherited trait.

This study showed that, although the radiological signs of wobbler disease were present throughout a wide age range, the associated neurological changes tended to appear at a later age. In both instances, the severity of these changes increased with age.     

硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用

[目的]研究硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用。[方法]以离心脱皂油为试样,硅藻土为吸附剂,研究豆油无水脱皂的最佳条件。[结果]硅藻土用量为0.5%,吸附温度为110℃,吸附时间为25 min时,所得的油样残皂为68.5 mg/kg,残磷为1.317 mg/kg,均优于工业上水洗脱皂后的油品质量。[结论]硅藻土在豆油脱皂中的应用是可行的。     

征地拆迁、整建制转居与农民财产权 ——基于北京市大兴区北程庄村的调查与思考

对北京市大兴区北程庄村的土地征占、整建制转居和集体经济产权制度改革进行调研发现,乡村在快速城市化进程中的核心问题是维护和发展农民的财产权利。建议从根本上改变现行的征地思维和征地制度,保障两种土地公有制的平等地位;落实户籍制度改革,全面取消农转居政策;实行集体土地与国有土地同样可以开发建设城市的政策制度;及时撤销"三无村"或"空壳村"的村委会建制,完善撤制乡村集体资产处置办法。     

基于连续统去除和偏最小二乘回归的油菜SPAD高光谱估算

【目的】探讨油菜叶绿素含量的高光谱估算方法,为实现油菜叶片叶绿素含量的高效、无损、大面积监测提供理论依据。【方法】以陕西省关中地区油菜叶片为研究对象,分别测定苗期、蕾薹期、开花期及角果期的叶片高光谱数据和SPAD值,提取各生育期连续统去除光谱和7类光谱吸收特征参数,分析原始光谱、连续统去除光谱、光谱吸收特征参数与SPAD值之间的相关关系,构建基于原始光谱特征波段、连续统去除光谱特征波段、光谱吸收特征参数的SPAD估算模型,并对模型精度进行验证。【结果】在可见光范围,光谱反射率由蕾薹期、开花期、苗期到角果期依次递增,最大吸收深度和吸收谷面积逐渐增大。利用连续统去除光谱特征波段与吸收特征参数,分别建立的油菜各生育期叶片SPAD估算模型均优于原始光谱。运用连续统去除光谱特征波段结合最优吸收特征参数构建的偏最小二乘回归估算模型,是进行油菜叶片SPAD估算的最优模型。【结论】连续统去除法对不同生育期油菜叶片叶绿素相对含量具有较好的预测能力,是估算油菜叶片SPAD值的一种实时高效方法。     

pH值和碳氮比对微生物燃料电池脱氮除磷效果的影响

【目的】探究pH值和碳氮比对微生物燃料电池脱氮除磷的影响,找出适宜pH值的和碳氮比。【方法】采用单室微生物燃料电池装置,设置不同的阳极液的pH值(W1=5、W2=6、W3=7、W4=8、W5=9);选取pH值=7,设置不同的碳氮比(N1=1∶1、N2=2∶1、N3=4∶1、N4=8∶1、N5=16∶1),共10个处理,测量2个反应周期内输出电压值、COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总氮和总磷的变化。【结果】在其他条件相同的情况下,只改变阳极液的pH值,输出电压随pH值增大先增大后减小;pH值为8时产电性能最佳,最大电压为204.74 mV;COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总氮随pH值增大呈先降低后增大的趋势,在pH值为8时,其去除效率最高,分别为74%、38%、93%和58%;在pH值为9时,总磷的去除效率最优为24%。只改变碳氮比时,当碳氮比为4时电压最大,为158.33 mV;COD、氨态氮、硝态氮、总磷的去除率随碳氮比增大先增大后减小,当碳氮比为4时,COD的降解率最大为65%;当碳氮比为2时,氨态氮的降解效率最好为35%;当碳氮比为8时,硝态氮和总磷的去除效率最高,分别为96%和16%;总氮的去除效率随碳氮比的增大而提高,当碳氮比为16时,总氮的去除效率最高,为59%。【结论】碳氮比为4∶1、pH值为8时可以取得较好的脱氮除磷效果。     

去除取样法估算鳄蜥的种群数量

一直以来对野外鳄蜥种群数量的调查主要使用样线法和标志重捕法。为了更好地估算鳄蜥的种群数量,本研究在2016年7月25日至31日使用去除取样法对广西大桂山鳄蜥国家级保护区内鱼散冲的1.9 km的样线进行了调查。结果显示,鱼散冲的鳄蜥种群数量为101只,种群密度为53只/km。鳄蜥由于其特殊的栖息环境和生活习性,适合于采用去除取样法调查其种群数量和密度。     

Uptake and nutrient balance of nitrogen,sulfur, and boron for optimal canola production in eastern Canada

Balanced plant nutrition is essential to achieve high yields of canola (Brassica napus L.) and get the best economic return from applied fertilizers. A field study was conducted at nine site‐years across eastern Canada to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and boron (B) fertilization on canola nutrient uptake, nutrient balance, and their relationship to canola yields. The factorial experiment consisted of four N rates of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), and 150 (N150) kg ha^?1, two S rates of 0 (S0) and 20 (S20) kg ha^?1, and three B treatments of 0 (B0), 2 kg ha^?1 at preplant (B2.0P), and 0.5 kg B ha^?1 foliar‐applied at early flowering stage (B0.5F). Each site‐year used the same experimental design and assigned treatments in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Fertilizer S application greatly improved seed yields at six out of nine site‐years, and the highest N use efficiency was in the N150+S20 treatment. Sulfur application generally increased seed S concentration, seed S removal, and plant total S uptake, while B fertilization mainly elevated straw B concentration and content, with minimal effect on seed yields. At the early flowering stage, plant tissue S ranged from 2.2 to 6.6 mg S g^?1, but the N : S ratio was over or close to the critical value of 12 in the N150+S0 combination at five site‐years. On average across nine site‐years, canola reached a plateau yield of 3580 kg ha^?1 when plants contained 197 kg N ha^?1, 33 kg S ha^?1 and 200 g B ha^?1, with a seed B content of 60 g B ha^?1. The critical N, S, and B values identified in this work and their potential for a posteriori nutrient diagnosis of canola should be useful to validate fertilizer requirements for canola production in eastern Canada.