CsCAT3克隆与其在冷驯化诱导采后黄瓜耐冷性中的作用初探

为研究CsCAT3基因在冷驯化诱导采后黄瓜耐冷性中的作用,采用同源克隆法克隆了CsCAT3基因,并对其基本特性进行分析,研究了冷驯化处理对采后黄瓜CsCAT3表达、CAT活性和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量的影响。结果表明,CsCAT3基因的开放阅读框长度为1 476 bp,编码492个氨基酸残基。CsCAT3的理论分子量为57.01 kDa,等电点为6.84,为亲水性蛋白质,无跨膜结构域,定位在过氧化物酶体。CsCAT3与4种模式植物CAT3的同源性介于69.29%~71.82%之间,物种间CsCAT3的同源性和保守性很高。冷驯化处理可明显上调CsCAT3在转录和蛋白水平上的表达,提高CAT活性,降低H₂O₂含量,表明CsCAT3基因在冷驯化诱导的耐冷性中具有重要作用。本研究为进一步解析CsCAT3在采后黄瓜诱导耐冷性中的功能奠定了基础。     

Notoginsenoside R1 protects boar sperm during liquid storage at 17°C

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage mammalian sperm during liquid storage. Notoginsenoside R1 (NR1) is a compound isolated from the roots of Panax notoginseng; it has powerful ROS-scavenging activities. This work hypothesized that the antioxidant capacity of NR1 could improve boar sperm quality and fertility during liquid storage. During liquid storage at 17°C, the supplementation of semen extender with NR1 (50 μM) significantly improved sperm motility, membrane integrity and acrosome integrity after 5 days of preservation. NR1 treatment also reduced ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels at day 5 (p <0.05). Higher glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) levels and sperm–zona pellucida binding capacity were observed in the 50 μM NR1 group than those in the control group at day 7 (p <0.05). Importantly, statistical analysis of the fertility of 200 sows indicated that addition of NR1 to the extender improved the fertility parameters of boar spermatozoa during liquid storage at 17°C (p <0.05). These results demonstrate the practical feasibility of using 50 μM NR1 as an antioxidant in boar extender during liquid storage at 17°C, which is beneficial to both spermatozoa quality and fertility.     

微生物发酵法脱除柞蚕蛹蛋白臭味和制备抗氧化肽的工艺研究

以感官评定值为脱臭指标,以DPPH自由基清除率为抗氧化肽指标,采用混合菌种发酵法,菌种组合(青春双歧杆菌∶嗜热链球菌)比例为1∶3,确定脱除柞蚕蛹蛋白臭味和制备抗氧化肽的工艺。并在单因素基础上,采用Design-Expert8.0软件,利用Box-Behnken设计实验,用响应面分析法优化各因素及其交互作用确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明:发酵温度为42℃、发酵时间为23 h、菌种接种量为4%、pH为6.8条件下,感官评定值为4.65,DPPH自由基清除率为93.78%。     

Mo~(6+)对草鱼组织器官及抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过不同质量浓度Mo~(6+)(0、30.67、122.66mg/L)对(10.0±3.0)g草鱼幼鱼脑、肝脏、肾脏、心脏及性腺的组织学以及对肝胰脏抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨了重金属Mo~(6+)的毒性积累和毒性机制。结果表明,草鱼Mo~(6+)中毒后,脑组织出现异常,表现为细胞破裂、细胞核聚集程度严重;肾脏充血,肾小管上皮细胞核肥大,肾小球明显萎缩;心脏肌纤维细胞体积增大,单位视野内细胞数变少,细胞核形态异常,以及局部的细胞空泡变性,出现少量细胞核偏移和密集并且细胞轮廓模糊,肌纤维有轻微断裂现象;肝脏的肝细胞出现严重的水样变性,伴随着细胞溶解、浑浊变性和轮廓模糊,血窦扩张,形成局部的点状病灶;卵巢中卵母细胞出现核变形,胞质中出现小的空泡,细胞核膨胀,扩张和核仁空泡化;精巢中生精小管畸形,含不同发育阶段的精原细胞、精母细胞、精子细胞,精细胞体积增大,精子数量明显减少。随着Mo~(6+)质量浓度的升高和时间延长,草鱼肝胰脏中的超氧化物歧化酶活性和丙二醛含量降低。     

不同品种柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力研究

本文以5类（宽皮橘类、甜橙类、柚类、柠檬类和金柑类）柑橘共5个品种的果皮提取液为原料,评价各品种的抗氧化能力。实验采用DPPH法和ABTS法测定柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力,用IC₅₀值来评价柑橘的抗氧化性,并综合分析了各品种柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力强弱。结果表明,供试柑橘的果皮均具有良好的抗氧化性,不同样品柑橘果皮的抗氧化能力不同,综合抗氧化能力由高到低为：太田椪柑>金弹>北京柠檬>纽荷尔脐橙>坪山柚,即在5类柑橘品种中,宽皮橘类的抗氧化能力最强,金柑类次之,柠檬类和甜橙类较弱,柚类最弱。     

Effects of Cadmium Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics and Agronomic Traits of Three Upland Cotton Cultivars

[Objective] To improve knowledge of the remediation of cadmium (Cd) contaminated soil, and provide a theoretical and practical basis for breeding of cotton cultivars. [Method] Three cotton cultivars, namely 'C184', 'Xiangzamian15 (XZM 15)', and 'Xiang419', were used as materials for the study. We compared and analyzed the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT), using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, under treatment with different Cd concentrations. In addition, the Cd content of various plant organs and agronomic traits were assessed at all cotton growth stages. [Result] Antioxidant enzyme activity was inhibited by Cd treatment, especially that of POD. With increasing Cd concentration, the growth of cotton plants was restrained. The maximum inhibition on antioxidant enzyme activity and agronomic traits was attained at 5 mg·L^－1 Cd stress. However, CAT activity was maintained under Cd stress. [Conclusion] XZM 15 showed superior tolerance and accumulation capability for Cd than the other cotton cultivars studied.     

Effect of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) saponins on meat color and myoglobin reduction status in the longissimus thoracis muscle of growing lambs

The effect of alfalfa saponins (AS) supplementation on the meat quality especially the color for growing lamb was investigated. Fifty Hu male lambs with body weights (BW, 19.21 ± 0.45 kg) were divided into five groups and supplemented AS with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000, and 4,000 mg/kg of dietary dry matter intake. After 90 days, all lambs were slaughtered. The longissimus thoracis muscle in lamb displayed significant changes in the content of intramuscular fat, especially n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and drip loss within AS treatment (p < .05) between control and treatments groups. Redness (a*) significantly improved in both 0-day and 7-day storage with the AS supplementation coupled with the percentage of met-myoglobin reduction (p < .05). The redness (a*) change may result from improved met-myoglobin reducing activity, antioxidant enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase, and succinate dehydrogenase (p < .05) by AS supplementation in muscle. These enzymes may help to protect mitochondria function and reduce met-myoglobin, which bring a bright and red meat color.     

白腐菌对玉米秸秆营养价值及抗氧化性能的影响

本试验旨在研究白腐菌对玉米秸秆营养价值及抗氧化性能的影响。选取4种侧耳属白腐菌,分别为红侧耳(Pleurotus diamor)、金顶侧耳(Pleurotus citrinopileatus)、刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)和漏斗状侧耳(Pleurotus sajor caju)。对照组玉米秸秆不接种菌株,试验组玉米秸秆分别接种4种侧耳属白腐菌,每个组设置3个重复,固态发酵20 d,测定发酵物的营养成分含量和体外干物质消化率(IVDMD),并评估其抗氧化性能。结果显示:1)红侧耳组总有机物(TOM)损失率显著高于金顶侧耳组和刺芹侧耳组(P0.05),漏斗状侧耳组酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)损失率显著高于其他各组(P0.05),金顶侧耳组纤维素(CL)损失率显著高于刺芹侧耳组和漏斗状侧耳组(P0.05),金顶侧耳组半纤维素(HC)损失率显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。2)金顶侧耳组的粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),金顶侧耳组、漏斗状侧耳组和红侧耳组的粗脂肪(EE)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),4种白腐菌组的总氨基酸含量显著高于对照组(P0.05),4种白腐菌组的IVDMD显著高于对照组(P0.05)。3)4种白腐菌组的1,1-二苯基2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除力、还原力、总抗氧化能力和总酚含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。由此可见,白腐菌预处理的玉米秸秆能提高其IVDMD、CP含量及抗氧化性能,可以作为反刍动物新型饲料资源。     

二色胡枝子提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化指标的影响

探讨日粮中添加二色胡枝子提取物(Extractive of Lespedeza bicolor,LBE)对肉仔鸡生产性能及抗氧化作用的影响。试验选用500只健康1日龄商品代艾维茵肉仔鸡随机分为10组,每组5个重复,试验期42d。对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮,试验1～3组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子粗提物90,100和110mg/kg;试验4～6组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物60,70和80mg/kg;试验7～9组饲喂基础日粮加二色胡枝子正丁醇萃取物60,70和80mg/kg。试验结果表明:日粮中添加二色胡枝子乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物对肉仔鸡生产性能有促进作用,可提高肉仔鸡的抗氧化功能。     

板栗雄花序萃取物抗氧化及抑菌效果

【目的】研究板栗雄花序不同萃取物的抗氧化及抑菌效果,为其进一步开发与利用提供基础。【方法】用不同极性溶剂对板栗雄花序乙醇浸膏进行萃取分离,得到石油醚萃取物、二氯甲烷萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物4个部分;并采用1,1－二苯基－2－三硝基苯肼( DPPH·)自由基清除和硫代巴比妥酸法测定醇提物及不同萃取物的抗氧化能力,以滤纸片琼脂扩散法和共培养测定抗菌活性。利用高效液相色谱法( HPLC)和核磁共振波谱法(NMR)鉴定出板栗雄花序中的鞣花酸(EA),并对其进行初步定量与结构分析。【结果】1)通过系统提取法得到板栗雄花序醇提物提取率为16.6%,其他4种萃取物提取率在2.6%～26.2%,其中乙酸乙酯萃取物提取率最高。2)板栗雄花序醇提物及不同萃取物对 DPPH·自由基、卵黄脂质过氧化物都有一定的清除能力,其中乙酸乙酯萃取浓度为0.01 mg·mL －1时,对 DPPH·清除率达到94.4%,对卵黄脂质过氧化物的清除率为95.69%,与同浓度的抗坏血酸(Vc)和2,6－二叔丁基－4－甲基苯酚(BHT)清除率相当。3)板栗雄花序醇提物对12种细菌都有一定程度的抑制效果,在不同萃取物中乙酸乙酯萃取物抑菌效果最好,对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度为0.98 mg· mL －1,最低杀菌浓度为1.96 mg·mL －1。板栗雄花序样品中有游离鞣花酸,含量为2.267 mg·g －1。【结论】板栗雄花序中含有较多抗氧化和抑菌的活性物质,其醇提物及不同极性萃取物的抗氧化能力存在较大差异,乙酸乙酯萃取物抗氧化活性较高,对清除 DPPH·自由基和脂质过氧化物都有较好的效果。各个萃取物对 G +菌和 G －菌都有一定作用,其中乙酸乙酯萃取相的抑菌活性最好。