外源NO对重金属Cd胁迫下亚麻幼苗叶片抗氧化能力的影响

为探讨NO对CdCl2胁迫下的亚麻幼苗叶片抗氧化能力的影响,以‘天亚2号’为供试材料,采用不同浓度(0.1、0.5、1.0mmol/L)外源NO供体SNP处理0.1mmol/L CdCl2胁迫下的亚麻幼苗,分别于0(胁迫前)、24、48、72、96、120h后采集生长状况一致的亚麻幼苗叶片进行游离脯氨酸(Pro)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、O2.-产生速率、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的测定.结果表明:外源NO可缓解Cd胁迫造成的亚麻幼苗膜质过氧化产物丙二醛含量的升高,促进脯氨酸积累,提高超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和过氧化物酶的活性,并能抑制过氧化氢和超氧阴离子的产生.这种保护效应与NO的浓度明显相关,其中,0.1mmol/L SNP处理效果显著优于1.0mmol/L SNP处理.     

抗氧化剂TBHQ、VE和TP对罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜的抗氧化作用

【目的】研究抗氧化剂特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、维生素E (V_E)和茶多酚(TP)对罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜的抗氧化作用,为其在非漂洗鱼糜生产中的应用奠定基础。【方法】选取3种抗氧化效果较好的抗氧化剂TBHQ、V_E和TP,以不同量(TBHQ为0.2,0.4和0.6 g/kg;V_E为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8 g/kg;TP为0.4,0.8,1.2和1.6 g/kg)添加至罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜中,于-20 ℃冰箱中冷冻保藏,定期取样测定样品的2硫代巴比妥酸值（TBA值）作为判定鱼糜氧化程度的指标,筛选出TBHQ、V_E和TP的最适添加量;通过对比试验,筛选出抗氧化效果最好的抗氧化剂;通过协同试验探究抗氧化剂之间的协同作用。【结果】TBHQ、V_E和TP的最适添加量分别为0.2,0.6和0.8 g/kg;3种抗氧化剂的抗氧化效果大小为0.8 g/kg TP＞0.2 g/kg TBHQ=0.6 g/kg V_E。协同试验结果显示,0.6 g/kg V_E＋0.8 g/kg TP的抗氧化效果最好,表明天然抗氧化剂V_E与TP之间存在很强的协同作用。【结论】在制作罗非鱼非漂洗鱼糜过程中,添加0.6 g/kg V_E＋0.8 g/kg TP组合抗氧化剂,可显著提高其抗氧化能力。     

硒中毒对猪血清自由基的影响

通过在仔猪基础日粮中添加亚硒酸钠,然后定期检测猪血清中的部分自由基及相关指标,以观察自由基在硒中毒猪体内的变化规律.结果表明硒中毒时,猪血清内的丙二醛(MDA)、羟自由基(·OH)和一氧化氮(NO)的含量明显升高,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)则明显降低,一氧化氮合酶(NOS)和NO的变化规律一致.结果显示自由基与硒中毒有着密切的关系.     

Nitrogen Rates and Water Stress Effects on Production, Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidative Enzyme Activities in Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes

Effects of nitrogen rates and water stress (WS) on production, lipid peroxidation and antioxidative enzyme activities in two maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes were assessed at different stages under two levels of water supply conditions. WS caused a significant decline in dry matter, grain yield and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) whereas a marked rise in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was observed in leaves for the two genotypes. However, the responses of the two varieties to WS were different: significantly higher dry matter, grain yield and antioxidative enzyme activities and lower MDA content were observed for Shaandan 9 than Shaandan 911, therefore the former could be treated as a drought tolerance variety comparatively. A better correlation was obtained amongst dry matter, grain yield and physiological traits. The addition of nitrogen increased dry matter and grain yield as well as activities of SOD, POD and CAT to different levels and significantly decreased MDA content under WS. These effects were higher for Shaandan 911 than for Shaandan 9. Furthermore, a significant effect was found for Shaandan 911 between N rates for all traits unlike Shaandan 9. Hence, we suggest that nitrogen should be applied to a water‐sensitive variety to bring out its potential fully under drought.     

Status of Lipid Peroxidation,Some Antioxidant Enzymes and Erythrocytic Fragility of Crossbred Cattle Naturally Infected with <Emphasis Type="Italic">Theileria annulata</Emphasis>

Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation, activities of some antioxidant enzymes and osmotic fragility of red blood cells was studied in adult (>1 year) crossbred cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata. Twenty clinically healthy animals (group I) and 15 clinical cases (group II) of tropical theileriosis were selected. Cattle suffering from theileriosis had significantly higher (p<0.01) erythrocytic lipid peroxidation and osmotic fragility. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, viz. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and glutamate peroxidase (GPx) were also significantly increased (p<0.01) in group II. However, superoxide dismutase and catalase did not show significant changes. The results indicated that infection with theileria led to increased oxidative stress to the animals, and even a significant rise in the activities of antioxidant enzymes. G6PD and GPx could not lower this oxidative stress. However, the increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes pointed towards the body’s defence mechanism against lipid peroxidation during oxidative stress in theileriosis.     

大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

40头健康中国荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳期相近的原则随机分成4组(n=10),试验组日粮中分别添加45、60、70mg/kg的大豆黄酮,对照组饲喂基础日粮。在试验前及试验后10、30、60d颈静脉采血,测定4组奶牛血清中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性,MDA含量、T淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数,探讨大豆黄酮对奶牛血清抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比较,试验组GSH-Px、CAT和SOD活性显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);MDA含量明显低于饲喂大豆黄酮前(P<0.01);大豆黄酮60、70mg/kg添加组淋巴细胞转化率和T细胞数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。     

异源新城疫病毒感染对雏鸭组织抗氧化酶活性的影响

选择隔离饲养至20日龄的健康雏鸭120只,随机分为4组,Ⅰ组为对照组,皮下注射0.5mL/只灭菌生理盐水,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别皮下注射0.5mL/只1∶5稀释的鸡源、鹅源和鸭源新城疫病毒SPF胚液,并分别置于25℃隔离环境下饲养与观察。分别于感染后4、8、12、16d每组随机抽取雏鸭7只颈静脉放血致死,采集心、肝、脾、肺及肾组织,制成10%的组织匀浆液,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性或含量,探讨异源新城疫病毒感染对雏鸭组织自由基代谢的影响。结果表明,感染异源新城疫病毒的雏鸭组织SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性和MDA含量变化不同,感染鸭源和鹅源新城疫病毒的雏鸭组织抗氧化酶的活性变化明显,而感染鸡源新城疫病毒的则变化不明显。这说明不同来源的新城疫病毒对雏鸭的感染性有一定差异。     

黑果枸杞色素对小鼠的抗脂质过氧化活性的研究

以4—6周龄小鼠为研究对象,通过给小鼠饲喂黑果枸杞色素,测定小鼠红细胞、肝细胞以及全血中SOD活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性,并检测黑果枸杞色素对脂质过氧化产物MDA生成的影响和血清MDA及脑内脂褐素含量的变化,观察黑果枸杞色素对小鼠的抗脂质过氧化的活性作用,探讨黑果枸杞色素的抗衰老作用。结果显示,试验组红细胞SOD活性、全血GSH—Px活性及血清GSH—Px／MDA明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）,MDA明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。说明黑果枸杞色素具有抗氧化活性。     

Halophilic Carotenoids and Breast Cancer: From Salt Marshes to Biomedicine

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Over the years, oxidative stress has been linked to the onset and progression of cancer. In addition to the classical histological classification, breast carcinomas are classified into phenotypes according to hormone receptors (estrogen receptor—RE—/progesterone receptor—PR) and growth factor receptor (human epidermal growth factor receptor—HER2) expression. Luminal tumors (ER/PR-positive/HER2-negative) are present in older patients with a better outcome. However, patients with HER2-positive or triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (ER/PR/HER2-negative) subtypes still represent highly aggressive behavior, metastasis, poor prognosis, and drug resistance. Therefore, new alternative therapies have become an urgent clinical need. In recent years, anticancer agents based on natural products have been receiving huge interest. In particular, carotenoids are natural compounds present in fruits and vegetables, but algae, bacteria, and archaea also produce them. The antioxidant properties of carotenoids have been studied during the last years due to their potential in preventing and treating multiple diseases, including cancer. Although the effect of carotenoids on breast cancer during in vitro and in vivo studies is promising, clinical trials are still inconclusive. The haloarchaeal carotenoid bacterioruberin holds great promise to the future of biomedicine due to its particular structure, and antioxidant activity. However, much work remains to be performed to draw firm conclusions. This review summarizes the current knowledge on pre-clinical and clinical analysis on the use of carotenoids as chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents in breast cancer, highlighting the most recent results regarding the use of bacterioruberin from haloarchaea.     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌对奶牛泌乳性能、乳成分及血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究解淀粉芽孢杆菌对奶牛泌乳性能、乳成分及血清生化、免疫和抗氧化指标的影响.选用30头胎次、初始体重、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为3组,每组10头.3组奶牛分别补饲0(对照组)、5×109、5×1010 CFU/d解淀粉芽孢杆菌.采用全混合日粮(TMR)饲喂,预试期10 d,正试期42 d....