不同处理对芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统及激素水平的影响

为研究芹菜种子的萌发机制,采用不同试剂组合（5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG、10% PEG+500 mg/L壳聚糖、5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖）和不同温度(18、24、30℃)对芹菜种子进行处理,观察芹菜种子的萌发指标,并探究种子萌发过程中的抗氧化系统及内源激素水平的变化。结果表明,30℃对种子发芽率、发芽势及发芽指数提高具有促进作用,加快种子萌发进程。与蒸馏水对照组相比,试剂组合处理在18、24℃时种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数升高,促进种子萌发,18℃时5 g/L NaOH+500 mg/L壳聚糖处理下的发芽势最高,24℃时5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理下发芽势达到最大值;30℃时不同试剂组合处理间发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数无明显差异。18、30℃对种子具有一定程度的胁迫作用,种子SOD和CAT活性较24℃条件下有所增加;18℃时MDA含量和脯氨酸含量显著增加;5 g/L NaOH+10% PEG处理能显著降低MDA含量。萌发过程中,芹菜种子内部ABA含量下降,GA₃、ZA含量增加。试剂组合及适当高温有利于提高芹菜种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,促进种子萌发,提高种子萌发整齐度;芹菜种子萌发过程中抗氧化系统和激素水平会积极响应不同的处理条件。     

Effect of feeding different sources of selenium on growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers

ABSTRACT

1. This study was conducted to determine the effect of different sources of selenium (Se) on breast and liver tissue deposition, apparent metabolisable energy (AME), growth performance and antioxidant status of broilers, measured as Se content in liver and breast tissues and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in blood, when used in 0–35 d broiler chicken diets.

2. A total of 200 male Ross 308 broilers were used in the feeding trial, which comprised two dietary phases, a starter from 0 to 21 d and finisher from 21 to 35 d of age. Four treatments with 10 replications each were used. A control diet (C) was formulated that was sufficient in protein and energy (230 and 215 g/kg of crude protein and 12.67 and 13.11 MJ/kg of metabolisable energy, respectively), for both phases, but contained background Se only from the feed ingredients. Diet 2 (IS) was supplemented with 10.35 g/t inorganic, elemental source of Se. Diet 3 (SY) was supplemented with 136.36 g/t selenised yeast, an organic source derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Diet 4 (SS) was supplemented with 0.666 g/t sodium selenite, an inorganic source.

3. Birds fed the SY diet consumed less and weighed less than those fed IS or C (P < 0.05; 0–35 d of age), but there was no difference compared to birds fed SS diets. There were no differences in FCR or dietary AME between broilers fed different Se sources. All diets containing supplementary Se increased concentrations in the liver and breast muscle, and for GSH-Px levels in blood compared to birds fed the C diet (P < 0.001). Birds fed SY diets had greater Se levels in liver and breast tissues compared to birds fed any of the other diets (P < 0.001).

4. Diets supplemented with Se had variable effects on broiler growth performances and antioxidant status. Feeding Se from a yeast source has higher transfer into breast tissues. Feeding different sources and levels of Se to birds in a more challenging situation to induce oxidative stress may bring more conclusive results.     

Dietary clinoptilolite influences antioxidant capability and oxidative status of broilers

Natural clinoptilolite has been shown to have positive effects as an antioxidant, which means it traps free radicals in its complex structure, inactivating and eliminating them. Synthetic or modified clinoptilolite delays lipid peroxidation with water-soluble peroxyl radicals, and reduces the catalytic production of radicals to protect the organism. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of natural clinoptilolite and modified clinoptilolite on the antioxidant status of broilers. The antioxidant capability of natural clinoptilolite or modified clinoptilolite is exerted, at least in part, by increasing glutathione content in liver and intestinal mucosa, the superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa. In addition, to enhance broiler performance, there is a reduction of the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and intestinal mucosa.     

Relationship between Polyamines and Other Cold‐induced Response Mechanisms in Different Cereal Species

To find a connection between polyamines and various protective effectors involved in the development of cold tolerance, eight different cereal genotypes, including wheat, barley and oat species, were investigated during the acclimation phase to low temperature. Exposure to low temperature induced different changes in the levels of polyamines, and other signalling molecules, such as salicylic acid and abscisic acid, and of other protective compounds, namely flavonols, sugars and antioxidant enzyme activity, and in the lipid composition of certain membrane factions. The most remarkable differences were observed in the oat varieties compared to the other cereal genotypes, which was manifested in the lack of spermidine accumulation and of decrease in trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid content, in lower initial and not cold‐inducible abscisic acid content and guaiacol peroxidase activity after cold treatment. Correlation analysis revealed that spermidine shows strong positive relationship with flavonols, abscisic acid and ascorbate peroxidase, while was in negative relationship with trans‐Δ³‐hexadecanoic acid. These results suggest that spermidine may have a crucial role in the cold acclimation signalling processes in cereals.     

Effects of cerium on the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flower

To study the role of cerium (Ce) in regulating the vase life of Rosa chinensis Jacq. cut flowers, the effects of cerium nitrate (Ce(NO₃)₃) on the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in the petals, and the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces were investigated. The results showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and evidently decreased the contents of MDA and H₂O₂ in the petals, compared with the control. Moreover, Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in the calyces. The results also showed that Ce(NO₃)₃ evidently increased the numbers of open flowers and decreased the numbers of wilted flowers. Our results suggest that Ce(NO₃)₃ extended the vase life of R. chinensis Jacq. cut flower by improving the antioxidant defence system in the petals and the contents of pigments in the calyces.     

桃PpSnRK1α在番茄中过表达对营养胁迫下植株生长的影响

以番茄(Solanum lycopericum)超表达桃SnRK1(蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶–1)基因PpSnRK1α的株系及野生型为试材,研究在养分供应不足时SnRK1对植株生长的影响。结果表明,低营养条件下,转基因番茄叶片和根系中的Sn RK1酶活性比野生型高41.55%和39.46%;功能叶片的净光合速率平均比野生型高18.98%;低营养胁迫12 d的叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性比野生型高35.56%、28.85%和14.90%;根系活力比野生型高26.39%;茎和叶中氮磷含量显著高于野生型,钾含量两者差别不大,在根系中氮磷含量差别不大,而钾含量显著高于野生型,且氮素向地上部茎和叶中的分配比率增加。上述结果说明,在营养缺乏条件下,超表达PpSnRK1α可以提高番茄功能叶净光合速率,促进植株对氮素的吸收利用,从而延缓叶片衰老。     

毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化作用研究

以毛泡桐皮为原料,通过乙醇提取,大孔吸附树脂纯化,分别得到毛泡桐皮黄酮的粗提物和纯化物。利用油脂酸败法,测定油脂的过氧化值(POV)和诱导期(IP),计算抗氧化系数(PF)。根据抗氧化系数的大小,确定毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化能力的大小。试验结果表明:在相同浓度下,毛泡桐皮黄酮提取物抗氧化能力的大小为:毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物>粗提物>原粉;并且随着浓度的增加抗氧化能力逐渐增大,其存在着剂量效应关系;0.1%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化系数大于2,具有较强的抗氧化能力;0.1%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化能力与0.02%BHT的抗氧化能力相当,0.06%毛泡桐皮黄酮纯化物的抗氧化能力与0.05%维生素C的抗氧化能力相当。     

黄连及黄连须、黄连茎叶体外抗氧化活性的谱效关系研究

测定黄连与黄连须、黄连茎叶主要生物碱含量并建立高效液相(HPLC)指纹图谱,分析其抗氧化活性的谱效关系。采用HPLC分析比较黄连及黄连须、黄连茎叶中小檗碱、表小檗碱、药根碱、黄连碱、巴马汀含量差异并建立指纹图谱,通过羟自由基(·OH)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮基双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)(ABTS)自由基体外清除试验与总还原力试验评价其体外抗氧化活性差异,应用Pearson相关系数法分析HPLC指纹图谱与抗氧化活性的谱效关系。结果发现小檗碱、巴马汀含量为黄连>黄连茎叶>黄连须;药根碱、黄连碱和表小檗碱含量为黄连>黄连须>黄连茎叶;总还原力为黄连>黄连茎叶>黄连须,·OH、DPPH、ABTS·+自由基清除力为黄连茎叶>黄连>黄连须;总还原力与各峰均有较强相关性,·OH、DPPH、ABTS·+自由基清除力与4号峰相关性较强。说明黄连茎叶体外抗氧化活性较强,黄连须与黄连茎叶均有一定药用开发价值。     

酸与碱处理对海带多糖提取及其抗氧化活性的影响

本试验采用柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法从海带中提取多糖组分,以总抗氧化能力和羟自由基（·OH）为衡量抗氧化活性指标,比较这两种提取方法得到海带粗多糖产率和抗氧化活性。试验结果表明：柠檬酸提取法和碱提取法的提取率分别为15.92%和6.05%,所提取的海带粗多糖具有良好的抗氧化活性,且柠檬酸提取法抗氧化活性更高。 [关键词] 柠檬酸提取法|碱提取法|海带多糖|抗氧化活性     

外源海藻糖对NaHCO3胁迫下甘草幼苗生长调节及总黄酮含量的影响

本研究以甘草无菌苗为试验材料,采用植物组织培养的方法,分析50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫下外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长量、叶绿素含量、渗透调节物质含量、抗氧化保护酶活性和总黄酮含量的影响。结果表明： 50 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ 胁迫显著降低了甘草幼苗的生长量、叶绿体色素含量、K⁺ 浓度、抗氧化保护酶（SOD、POD、CAT）活性和总黄酮含量,显著提高了丙二醛、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量以及Na⁺浓度;施加15 mmol·L^-1 海藻糖可显著提高甘草幼苗的生长量,提高叶绿素含量、K⁺ 浓度和总黄酮含量,降低丙二酸含量、脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和Na⁺ 浓度,并且提高抗氧化保护酶活性。因此,NaHCO₃胁迫下施加外源海藻糖对甘草幼苗生长具有良好的调节作用,可以增强甘草的抗碱能力,促进甘草幼苗生长。本研究为外源海藻糖提高甘草耐碱性和揭示其调控机制提供理论依据。