A combination treatment strategy using pyrantel pamoate and oxibendazole demonstrates additive effects for controlling equine cyathostomins

Anthelmintics of the avermectin/milbemycin class continue to demonstrate the highest efficacy against cyathostomin nematodes; however, over‐reliance on these drugs is increasing the likelihood that recent emerging resistance to these drugs will worsen. Use of benzimidazole and pyrantel compounds given concurrently may provide sufficiently high efficacy to serve as a viable treatment alternative to the avermectin/milbemycin drugs, thus reducing the selective pressures for resistance development. The study was conducted to determine if oxibendazole (OBZ) and pyrantel pamoate (PYR) would have greater efficacy when used in combination vs. what either drug could achieve individually, and to determine if the combination protocol would consistently achieve faecal egg count reduction (FECR) rates >90%, the general threshold for acceptable efficacy. Horses of various ages and breeds on 11 horse farms were assigned randomly to treatment with OBZ (n = 34), PYR (n = 35), or a combination of both (n = 61). A faecal egg count was performed for each horse prior to treatment and 9–14 days post treatment. Mean FECR percentages were calculated for each treatment group on individual farms, and for each treatment group across all farms. Combination treatment achieved >90% mean FECR on all 11 farms, and >95% on 9 of the 11 farms. Overall arithmetic mean FECR rates were 90.03%, 81.10% and 96.35% for horses treated respectively with OBZ, PYR, and the 2 drugs in combination. Combination treatment with OBZ and PYR demonstrated an additive effect whereby horses given both anthelmintics concurrently had mean FECR percentages that were significantly greater than in horses given either drug alone. Combination treatment with OBZ and PYR can be an efficacious and viable treatment choice for controlling cyathostomins, thereby reducing the over‐reliance on avermectin/milbemycin drugs.     

Actinomycosis of the digestive tract in cattle

Extract

The following is the history of actinomycosis in a beef herd of approximately 400 Hereford Cross BlackPoll steers of average age about 3 ½ to 4 years, over a period of 14 months, during which time some 16 cases of actinomycosis-like infections have occurred.     

Clinical trial of efficacy of ivermectin pour‐on against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in silvopasturing horses

The aim of this study was to assess, by a clinical trial, the efficacy of an ivermectin‐based pour‐on treatment against gastrointestinal parasitic nematodes in naturally infected horses using 2 groups of mature indigenous Pura Raza Galega grazing mares. Faecal and blood samples were collected individually over a 21 week period. Faeces were analysed by the coprological flotation, sedimentation and migration techniques. Changes in circulating blood cells were monitored over the study period. The administration of the ivermectin suppressed the eggelimination of ascarids and pinworms throughout the study and no strongyle‐eggs were observed in the treatment group between the 3rd and 10th weeks. The numbers of red cells increased significantly after the anthelmintic therapy, and a statistical reduction in circulating leucocytes was recorded. No side effects were observed. The pour‐on ivermectin formulation was highly successful against gastrointestinal nematodes and appears to be a useful therapeutic routine for large groups of horses.     

广东省部分地区马肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

【目的】调查广东省内部分地区马匹寄生虫感染情况,探索区域内马匹寄生虫感染优势虫种、感染情况和耐药情况,为区域内马肠道寄生虫病的防治提供参考。【方法】采用饱和食盐溶液漂浮法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对广东省内7个城市24个马术俱乐部375份新鲜马粪样品进行处理,光学显微镜下观察虫卵/卵囊的形态结构特征并进行分类,并根据麦氏计数法计算每克粪便中虫卵/卵囊数(EPG),统计感染率和感染强度。对EPG>500的阳性样本进行粪便虫卵减少量计数试验(FECRT),以评估各马术俱乐部流行寄生虫耐药情况。提取5份<1岁幼驹的粪便样本DNA,利用巢式PCR检测样品是否存在隐孢子虫感染。【结果】375份样品中有120份样品呈寄生虫虫卵/卵囊阳性,总感染率为32.00%。共检出4种肠道寄生虫,分别为圆线虫、马副蛔虫、类圆线虫和马蛲虫,总感染率分别为30.40%、3.70%、0.80%和0.30%。1～4岁马匹感染率显著高于其他年龄段(P<0.05),但不同性别马匹寄生虫感染情况无显著差异(P>0.05)。受调查马匹感染强度以低排卵(EPG<200)为主,占马匹总数83.47%。FEC...     

国产伊维菌素对宁夏滩羊的驱虫效力试验

以国产伊维菌素对宁夏山羊的寄生线虫进行驱虫试验，在口服０．１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ和０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇｄｅ剂量后第１１天时分别获得了粪便虫卵下降９７．２％、９８．３％和９９．４％以及虫卵转阴率８０％、９５％和９５％的效果。０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量组中未找到肠道中常见的８种寄生线虫的虫体。在全部试验中，国产Ｉｖｅｒｍｅｃｔｉｎ的效力都高于进口的Ｉｖｏｍｅｃ。     

补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期马驹寄生虫感染情况的影响

【目的】研究补喂鞣花酸对哺乳期纯血马马驹肠道寄生虫感染情况的影响，揭示鞣花酸在马属动物消化道寄生虫防治方面的作用，为新型驱虫药物的筛选提供参考依据。【方法】选择平均体重（143.33±16.10） kg、出生日期（±5 d）、寄生虫感染率相近的哺乳期纯血马马驹15匹，随机分为对照组、试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组，每组5匹。在相同的饲养条件下，对照组马驹不做任何处理，试验Ⅰ组马驹每天补喂15 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验Ⅱ组补喂30 mg/kg BW鞣花酸，试验期60 d，分别在试验的第0、15、30、45、60天采集马驹粪便样品，检测各组虫卵种类，统计虫卵数量，并评价驱虫效果。【结果】哺乳纯血马驹感染率高的寄生虫有10种，其中感染率最高的寄生虫是马副蛔虫、马圆线虫及细颈三齿线虫。随着鞣花酸补喂时间的延长及剂量的增加，寄生虫的感染率呈降低趋势，细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量显著降低（P<0.05）。补喂鞣花酸后第60天试验Ⅰ和Ⅱ组虫卵总数比对照组分别降低66.59%和97.06%；试验Ⅰ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为30.10%和42.97%；试验Ⅱ组第30和60天虫卵减少率分别为37.51%和49.86%。【结论】在本试验条件下，给哺乳马驹补喂鞣花酸能够显著降低寄生虫的感染及粪便中细颈三齿线虫卵、马圆线虫卵、马副蛔虫卵和韦氏类圆线虫卵的排出量，且补喂剂量为30 mg/kg BW效果更佳。