Combining field and control team assessments to obtain error estimates for surveys of crown condition

Three field teams undertook a survey of crown transparency in Switzerland in 1993. A fourth team (control) also visited a subset of the trees that had already been visited by the field teams and reported estimates for the same. The problem of estimating the proportion (P_c) of trees with total crown transparency at least equal to a (fixed) level c is addressed. The method assumes that the control team estimate is an unbiased estimate of P_c and therefore if the expected difference between a field team estimate and the control team estimate is non‐zero then the field team estimate is biased. This assumption is most likely to be met in those countries or areas where the control team consists of the instructors. When this assumption cannot be met, as long as the bias of the control team remains the same over the years, the estimates of P_c from different years can still be used to study, for example, whether there is any temporal trend in P_c . A weighted average of the bias‐corrected field team estimates is used to determine the confidence limits. The method is applied to the Swiss national forest damage inventory data from the year 1993. The same approach can also be taken for estimating the proportion of cases where a random variable X, qualitative (such as the social position of a tree) or quantitative (such as the diameter of a tree at breast height), assumes values in a particular set.     

森林-草原交错带土壤节肢动物物种相对多度模型拟合研究

应用群落物种多度分布模型:对数级数分布模型、对数正态分布模型、几何级数分布模型和分割线段分布模型研究了森林草原交错带土壤节肢动物群落的种-多度分布关系。结果表明:对数级数分布模型和对数正态分布模型能够较好的拟合交错带大型土壤节肢动物群落的种-多度分布,中小型土壤节肢动物仅能用对数级数分布模型来拟合;几何级数分布模型和分割线段分布模型则不适于描述该区土壤节肢动物群落物种多样性。对数级数分布的参数α和对数正态分布的参数λ是反映群落结构特征内在性质的量,可以作为物种多样性指数运用,能较好地反映群落的物种丰富度。研究结果可为交错区群落物种多样性保护提供理论基础。     

食用菌内源脂肪酸的研究

食用菌富含膳食纤维、矿物质、微量元素、维生素和多种氨基酸,是多功能理想食物。尽管食用菌脂类物质含量较低,但包含人类必需的不饱和脂肪酸,如亚油酸、油酸和亚麻酸等。通过对食用菌脂类物质研究成果进行总结,尤其是不饱和脂肪酸种类、含量及其开发利用,以期为食用菌的资源开发提供参考。     

Degradation Studies of the Non-lethal Bird Repellent,Methyl Anthranilate

Methyl anthranilate (MA), a food grade flavor and fragrance additive, has been reported to be an effective non-lethal bird repellent in a variety of situations. Despite the experimental success of MA, field studies have yielded widely differing levels of efficacy. Diminished efficacy in some field trials probably results from the failure of specific formulations to retain or protect the active ingredient under natural conditions. Therefore, a clearer understanding of the physical and chemical factors affecting the stability of MA is needed. We undertook a series of laboratory studies on hydrolysis, photolysis and microbial degradation of MA, the results of which could be useful in the development of appropriate formulation strategies and residue analyses. We found the n-octanol:water partition coefficient, (P) to be 84. MA is not subject to hydrolysis at 25°C in phosphate buffer media at pH 5·0, 7·0 and 9·0. MA slowly photodegrades under simulated UV ‘sunlight’. Forty-four percent of MA is lost after 432 h illuminance at 1·25 mW cm⁻², which is equivalent to approximately 1200 h natural sunlight (40°N, noontime, June). Kinetic data indicate that the initial step of photolysis, subsequent to excitation, is a second-order reaction with respect to MA. A major photodegradation product appeared in an amount of about 10% of the mass balance and was determined to be an oxidized trimer of MA. MA is primarily affected by aerobic microbial degradation. For a 12:12 h light:dark, under laboratory illumination, 12% of water-solubilized material can be lost in the first seven days. Losses were 30% and 42% at 16 and 27 days, respectively. Under conditions of optimal bacterial growth (warmth and darkness) loss of MA was 22% at nine days and 100% by 20 days. The susceptibility of MA to microbial degradation is promising for the prospects of developing formulated, environmentally safe, bird repellents.     

Urban forests as a strategy for transforming towards healthy cities

Urban forests provide multiple ecosystem services for city dwellers, amongst which improving public health via mitigating mental stresses and providing attractive spaces for diverse physical activities has attracted increasing attention from scholars and policy makers within the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as well as urgently-needed post-pandemic urban transformation towards healthy cities. This short communication summarizes existing empirical evidence pertinent to the linkage between urban forests and public health maintenance and improvement, highlights three underlying mechanisms, i.e., physiological, psychological, and immunological pathways, and outlines practical implications for the establishment and management of urban forests as a strategy for planning healthy cities.     

动物源细菌耐药性对动物细菌传染性疾病防治的影响

通过阐述动物源细菌耐药性的产生及演变趋势,分析抗生素在兽医领域中的应用情况,探讨动物细菌传染性疾病的防治策略,旨在了解细菌耐药性对动物细菌传染性疾病治疗的影响,为兽用药品特别是兽用细菌疫苗的发展提供参考,促进动物卫生安全和公共卫生安全。     

基于SWOT分析的三明市全域森林康养产业发展对策

利用SWOT分析方法,对三明市发展全域森林康养产业进行优势、劣势、机遇和威胁分析,并针对存在的劣势和威胁提出了初步的对策与建议,以期为推进三明全域森林康养产业发展提供参考。     

郑州市城区悬铃木生长与健康状况调研

为研究郑州市城区道路行道树的生长及健康状况,以悬铃木为研究对象进行抽样调查。调查结果显示,郑州市城区悬铃木以中型植株为主,株高7.5~12.5 m的占比63.22%;胸径20.0~40.0 cm的占比57.46%;冠幅6.0~14.0 m的占比65.79%。郑州市内金水区大型悬铃木植株最多,生长状况最优,是道路林荫环境最好的区域。研究区内大部分植株处于“亚健康”和“生长维持”状态,Ⅰ级植株所占比例偏小,仅为7.33%,亚健康植株占比最大,近60%,频死植株占比10.86%。二七区、中原区、高新区3个城区的悬铃木健康状况优于其他城区,惠济区、金水区2个城区悬铃木的健康状况较差。在养护管理条件相似的情况下,立地条件较好的绿带植株整体健康水平优于树穴植株,大型悬铃木植株健康状况普遍优于中小型植株,乔、灌、草3层垂直结构的悬铃木的健康水平优于其它垂直结构,三板四带式道路结构类型的悬铃木植株健康水平最为优异。     

千岛湖森林康养基地发展路径探析——基于千岛湖龙川湾的调查研究

国家相关管理部门联合提出按照“环境优良、服务优质、管理完善、特色鲜明、效益明显”的要求建设一批国家森林康养基地。以浙江千岛湖龙川湾为例,分析其森林资源、地理区位、产业链、发展规模、社会合作、管理保障、三大效益等方面建设森林康养基地的优势,整合提升游憩观赏、研学文化、垂钓休闲、扶犁耕地、康养保健、疗养康复、健身拓展区域空间布局与发展举措,从康养体验、休闲体验、运动健身等方面增强千岛湖龙川湾森林康养基地功能,推进森林康养产业发展。