Sesbania aegyptiaca as promising biomass for manufacturing of MDF

Sesbania fiber is a fast-growing wood species that has been investigated for medium-density fiberboard (MDF) production. To assess the possibility of applying the local industrial defibration parameters of sugar-cane bagasse (SCB) on defibration of sesbania, the chemical constituents of unfibrated and defibrated sesbania, as well as their thermal stability and scanning electron micrographs, were estimated. Different preparation variables of MDF, such as density, level of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin (with 0.19% free-formaldehyde [HCHO]), and pressing time were studied, in comparison with that produced by using SCB fibers. The results showed that most of the tested sesbania-based MDFs have mechanical properties that fulfill the minimum requirements of MDF ANSI standard. Additionally, applying 12% UF and pressing for 240 sec provided sesbania-based MDF with optimum reduction in thickness swelling (reached ～7%). It is important to note that the sesbania-based MDF produced under these conditions is characterized by a lower TS property, than that obtained from SCB, or that reported in standards. The preliminary feasibility study revealed that using sesbania fibers will be an added economical potential for MDF production.     

Dominance in domestic dogs revisited: Useful habit and useful construct?

In the last decade, the validity and relevance of the dominance model was regularly put into question regarding relationships between canids like dogs and wolves, and consequently, human–dog relationships as well. The concept underlying this model, scientifically defined as an intervening variable reflecting status difference between individuals, is applicable when formal status signals symbolize the long-term relationship between individuals, resulting in a formalized dominance hierarchy. This article reviews the basics underlying the concept of dominance and reflects on the value and importance of some new quantitative studies on the applicability of the concept of dominance in domestic dogs. The conclusions are, first, that formal dominance is present in the domestic dog, expressed by context-independent unidirectional formal status signals. Consequently, formal dominance (e.g., submission) plays an important role in assessing status in dog–dog relationships. Second, that nonverbal status–related communication in humans resembles that in dogs to a considerable degree, and hence dogs may be well able to interpret this human status–related nonverbal communication from their perspective. Dominance is therefore also likely to play a role in human–dog relationships. Hence, the dominance concept might be useful to explain the development of certain problems in dog–dog and dog–human relationships. However, enforcing a dominant status by a human may entail considerable risks and should therefore be avoided.     

基于化学蚀变指数的湟水河流域化学风化分析

以青海省湟水河表层沉积物为研究对象,选取该河流沉积物常量元素含量、CIA风化程度指数,通过与大陆壳表层、黄土相关元素的对比,分析了湟水河流域地表化学风化程度.结果表明,湟水河沉积物富Ca、m,而K在全流域含量变化小,与大陆壳表层含量基本一致,表明湟水河流域地表物质化学风化程度低,处于饱和硅铝阶段早期（即脱Ca、Na阶段）,地表的物理风化强于化学风化;CIA值大致反映了化学风化的程度,在中游段CIA低,上游和下游段CIA较高,具有相对稍强的化学风化过程.     

基于IOS的农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展示

随着国家农垦局农产品追溯系统的推广,如何更好地发挥数据中心的大量追溯查询信息的作用需要进一步研究。就此提出基于IOS平台来构建农产品追溯查询信息的OLAP展现的思路,并对系统的构架、多维数据模型设计、WEB服务器程序以及IOS客户端UI展示的实现等进行了重点介绍。     

清代归化城土默特地区的移民过程考探

通过对清代归化城土默特地区移民过程的研究,证明该地区移民是多种因素造成的,但清廷边疆政策一直主导移民过程。对清代归化城土默特地区的移民过程进行了考探,以期为研究其他地区移民带来参考借鉴。     

留青展平竹地板生产工艺

留青展平竹地板采用半竹留青展平技术,通过调整软化工艺,在展平过程中保留竹青部分,制备出留青竹展平板,再通过正交组坯的方式与竹集成材芯材胶合而成。首先将毛竹去除竹节后进行对半剖分,采用纵向展平技术将留青竹片进行无裂纹展平,展平后竹板宽度在13.5 cm左右。将展平后的竹板材冷压5～7 min,压力1～2 MPa。冷却后进行刨黄面定厚和定宽处理,再与竹集成材芯材组坯热压,热压温度95～100℃,热压压力3 MPa,热压时间20 min,得到1 220 mm×12 mm×19.5 mm的留青展平竹地板。该产品丰富了竹地板的品种,开辟了竹材精深加工的新途径。     

先进的牧草种子收获和加工工艺及装备应用前景探讨

论述了牧草种子收获和加工特点、先进的加工工艺及先进的装备。在分析国内现状的基础上,提出了我国牧草种子收获和加工未来重点开发和研究的对象。     

地克珠利饮水剂生产工艺研究及临床药效试验

本试验通过溶剂和助溶剂的筛选,研制成功地克珠利饮水剂。生产工艺和产品符合《中国兽药典》（１９９０年版）要求。临床药效试验表明地克珠利饮水剂按０．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２ｍｇ／ｋｇ剂量使用,抗球虫指数值均超过１８０,均具有高效抗球虫效力。     

陕北固沙林恢复过程中土壤碳氮组分库特征与固存效应

选取陕北毛乌素沙地从半固定沙地到恢复2354a的灌木和乔木固沙林地,采用密度分组法分析表层土壤轻、重组分碳氮含量、C/N的演变及累积速率、固定碳氮贡献率特征。结果表明:固沙林从恢复2354a,乔木和灌木林土壤轻组碳分别增加了14.040.6倍和8.819.2倍,显著高于对应重组碳3.27.7倍和3.58.1倍的增幅;对应轻组氮分别增加了14.540.9倍和11.829.1倍,也显著高于重组氮4.68.5倍和4.412.6倍的增幅,说明轻组碳氮相对重组碳氮对固沙林恢复更加敏感。土壤轻重组碳氮含量增加使得乔木和灌木林轻组碳密度增速分别达0.57mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.26mg·hm^-2·a^-1,重组碳密度增速则仅为0.18mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.20mg·hm^-2·a^-1;同时,轻组氮密度增速分别达0.03mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.02mg·hm^-2·a^-1,重组氮密度增速则分别达0.02mg·hm^-2·a^-1和0.04mg·hm^-2·a^-1。按此碳氮组分增速,到固沙林恢复54a时,乔木林和灌木林土壤轻组碳可分别贡献75.9%和59.4%的全有机碳增量;土壤重组氮则可贡献44.6%和63.9%的全氮增量。另外,恢复54a两种林地土壤重组C/N分别比半固定沙地降低11.4%和38.5%。但轻组C/N在乔木林并无显著变化,在灌木林恢复2354a土壤轻组C/N降低了21.7%31.0%,显著改变了土壤碳库性质。表明陕北固沙林恢复土壤表现出显著的固定碳氮效应,并且乔木林有更好的固碳能力,灌木林则有较好的固氮效应。     

基于AHP-CRITIC法的正交设计优选贞芪颗粒提取工艺及促生长作用初步研究

（目的）开发一种具有促生长作用的新中兽药贞芪颗粒,优化其提取工艺并对其促生猪生长作用进行初步研究,为其工业化生产提供参考。（方法）以总多糖、黄芪甲苷、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、特女贞苷、红景天苷、干膏得率作为评价指标,采用层次分析法（AHP）、基于指标相关性的权重确定方法（CRITIC）、AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定各评价指标的权重系数,根据其正交试验结果优化贞芪颗粒提取工艺参数。将100头保育猪随机分为5组,通过在日粮中添加不同剂量的颗粒,连续喂养30天,与空白组和阳性对照组对比,计算平均日增重（ADG）、平均日采食量（ADFI）和料肉比（F: G）。（结果）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法科学优选出最佳提取工艺参数为复方药材加12-13倍质量的水提取3次（第一次13倍）,每次2.5 h。3批验证试验综合评分均值为98.91,RSD为0.79%。经过30天饲喂,高、中、低剂量组和阳性对照组的料重比无显著性差异（P>0.05）,但都显著低于空白对照组（P<0.05）,其中中剂量组的料重比最低。（结论）AHP-CRITIC混合加权法确定的权重系数客观、真实,优选出的贞芪颗粒提取工艺经验证,合理、稳定,重复性好,此工艺条件下制备的颗粒对生猪具有促进生长的作用。