不同物候期芍药根淀粉酶活性的变化

采用DNS比色法,精确测定了不同物候期芍药根中淀粉酶的活性。结果表明,芍药出苗到开花期,α淀粉酶活性由低到高,在孕蕾期达到最高峰;β淀粉酶活性变化与α淀粉酶相反,只在苗期具有显著活性。芍药的质量与其粉性有一定关系,且淀粉含量与芍药体内淀粉酶的活性变化密切相关。     

Polymorphism of waxy proteins in Spanish durum wheats

A collection of 547 durum wheats (103 cultivars and 444 landraces) from Spain was analysed for waxy protein composition. The electrophoretic patterns showed low polymorphism. At the Wx‐A1 locus, 99.8% of the wheats had the Wx‐Ala allele and only one had the null Wx‐Alb allele. The Wx‐Bl locus was more polymorphic and four different alleles were detected: Wx‐Bla (41.3%), Wx‐Blc (42.6%), a new allele, not detected before in bread wheat and named Wx‐Blf (16.0%), and the null Wx‐Blb allele, found for the first time in one durum wheat. Eleven durum wheats with different allelic composition at the Wx‐l loci were analysed for amylose content. Wheats with the Wx‐Bla allele had a lower amylose content than those with Wx‐Blc or Wx‐Blf. The lowest amylase content was found in the only durum wheat having the null Wx‐Blb allele.     

甘薯淀粉若干重要品质性状的基因型差异研究

测定并比较了84个甘薯基因型的淀粉率、褐变度、多酚氧化酶活性、直链淀粉含量以及淀粉酶活性,探讨了淀粉品质性状间的相关性。结果表明,上述各性状于基因型间均存在显著差异,干率与淀粉率和多酚氧化酶活性、淀粉率与多酚氧化酶活性以及褐变度与淀粉酶活性间存在极显著正相关性。     

蜜蜂消化道酶谱带分布及其糖转化酶活性

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离意蜂和中蜂消化道各部分 (前肠、中肠、后肠 )肠液 .结果表明意蜂和中蜂消化酶的种类有明显差别 .它们的前肠均中有 1条酶带 (R1带 ) ,中肠均有 5条酶带 (意蜂为 R1、R3 、R4 、R5、R9;中蜂为 R1、R3 、R4 、R6、R10 ) ,意蜂后肠有 5条酶带 (R1、R2 、R4 、R7、R8) ,中蜂则没有 .意蜂和中蜂的前肠、中肠、后肠的糖化酶活性均依次降低 .前肠和中肠的糖化酶活性意蜂较中蜂低 ,后肠的糖化酶活性则差别不大     

人工老化处理对啤酒大麦籽粒淀粉酶和麦芽品质的影响

为探究老化对啤酒大麦籽粒淀粉酶和麦芽品质的影响,采用高温高湿的人工老化方法处理大麦籽粒,以未经老化处理的大麦籽粒为对照,研究经老化处理后啤酒大麦籽粒萌发早期阶段中淀粉酶活性及主要麦芽品质性状的变化。结果表明,老化使α-淀粉酶、β-淀粉酶和极限糊精酶活性均呈降低的趋势,其中老化15 d后的淀粉酶活性与对照相比差异显著。随着老化时间的延长,各品种麦芽的无水浸出物、α-氨基氮、库尔巴哈值和糖化力均呈降低的趋势,粘度均呈增加的趋势。α-淀粉酶活性、β-淀粉酶活性、极限糊精酶活性均与α-氨基氮、无水浸出物、库尔巴哈值和糖化力呈显著正相关,但与粘度呈显著负相关。综上,人工老化会引起啤酒大麦籽粒萌发早期淀粉酶活性降低,麦芽品质变劣。本研究结果为啤酒生产过程中优质原料的选择提供了理论参考。     

酶制剂和益生素组合对朗德鹅产肝性能和血清生化指标的影响

研究了淀粉酶、木聚糖酶和益生素的不同组合对朗德鹅产肝性能、免疫性能、血清生化指标的影响.结果表明,与基础日粮相比,在日粮中同时添加200 g·t-1淀粉酶和100 g·t-1木聚糖酶可使朗德鹅的肥肝重提高18.6％、料肝比降低7.8％(P＞0.05);而同时添加100 g·t-1木聚糖酶和4 000 g·t-1益生素可...     

黑曲霉AF-1固态发酵生产生淀粉酶的条件优化

为增强黑曲霉AF-1产生生淀粉酶的能力,对其固态发酵产酶条件进行了优化.采用单因素试验分别筛选出马铃薯粉、豆粕粉、FeSO4为最适碳源、氮源和无机盐;通过Plackett-Burman设计对影响产酶条件的12个相关因素进行效应评价,筛选出具有显著效应的培养基豆粕粉、麸皮含量和温度3个因素;利用最陡爬坡试验逼近以上3个因素的最大响应区域,采用响应面中心组合设计对3个因素进行优化,得出培养基豆粕粉含量、麸皮添加量和温度的最佳值分别为11.46%、17.41 g和26.26 ℃.优化后的酶活力(204 U/mL)比初始酶活力(42 U/mL)提高了3.85倍.     

3种微生态制剂的氨基酸组成及对鲤鱼消化酶活性的影响

采用HPLC法分析了枯草芽孢杆菌、纳豆芽孢杆菌和复合微生态制剂的氨基酸含量，这3种不同的微生态制剂的氨基酸含量分别为53．2g／100g干基，56．4g／100g干基，59．5g／100g干基。在统一饵料的基础上，分别按0．1％，0．2％和0．5％添加纳豆芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和复合微生态制剂养殖鲤鱼45d，分析了鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏中蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活性。结果表明，添加纳豆芽孢杆菌0．1％～0．5％的试验组能显著地提高鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶的活性，0．1％和0．2％剂量组可显著地提高鲤鱼肝胰脏蛋白酶的活性，0．1％剂量组可较显著地提高鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的淀粉酶的活性。枯草芽孢杆菌对鱼类消化酶的影响作用与纳豆芽孢杆菌不尽相同。其0．1％-0．5％试验组对鲤鱼肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶均有较显著的提高作用，但对鱼类肝胰脏的消化酶活力影响不大。相对于蛋白酶而言，枯草芽孢杆菌对鲤鱼肠道淀粉酶活力的提高更为有效。复合微生态制剂0．1％-0．5％的各试验组能显著地提高鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力，其对鲤鱼肠道和肝胰脏的蛋白酶和淀粉酶的活力的提高率要优于单一菌种的微生态制剂。复合微生态制剂作为水产养殖生物的饵料添加剂使用，应根据不同食性的鱼类和不同的饵料组成加以选择和组配，合理的添加量在0．1％～0．2％之间为宜。     

Phlorotannins from Alaskan Seaweed Inhibit Carbolytic Enzyme Activity

Global incidence of type 2 diabetes has escalated over the past few decades, necessitating a continued search for natural sources of enzyme inhibitors to offset postprandial hyperglycemia. The objective of this study was to evaluate coastal Alaskan seaweed inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, two carbolytic enzymes involved in serum glucose regulation. Of the six species initially screened, the brown seaweeds Fucus distichus and Alaria marginata possessed the strongest inhibitory effects. F. distichus fractions were potent mixed-mode inhibitors of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, with IC₅₀ values of 0.89 and 13.9 μg/mL, respectively; significantly more efficacious than the pharmaceutical acarbose (IC₅₀ of 112.0 and 137.8 μg/mL, respectively). The activity of F. distichus fractions was associated with phlorotannin oligomers. Normal-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (NPLC-MS) was employed to characterize individual oligomers. Accurate masses and fragmentation patterns confirmed the presence of fucophloroethol structures with degrees of polymerization from 3 to 18 monomer units. These findings suggest that coastal Alaskan seaweeds are sources of α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory phlorotannins, and thus have potential to limit the release of sugar from carbohydrates and thus alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia.     

不同变黄程度下烤烟淀粉酶活性的变化及对其相关化学成分的影响

研究了在三段式烘烤工艺配套技术条件下不同变黄程度烤烟烟叶内淀粉酶的活性及与其相关化学成分的变化规律.结果表明,在不同变黄处理下,淀粉酶呈“升高—降低—升高”的规律,其中,下部叶八成黄、中部叶十成黄、上部叶十成黄的淀粉酶活性整体上最高.随着烘烤时间的延长,烟叶内淀粉、还原糖含量升高,其中,下部叶的八成黄、中部叶的九成黄、上部叶的十成黄表现最为明显.淀粉与还原糖含量之间均呈显著负相关.烟叶烘烤后,下部叶在七至八成黄转火定色条件下,化学成分含量适宜,各成分间比例协调;中部叶在八至九成黄转火定色条件下,化学成分含量适宜,各成分间比例协调;上部叶在十成黄转火定色条件下,化学成分含量适宜,各成分间比例协调.