槐叶萍生物体微量元素含量特征研究

为了解京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素的含量特征,运用非色散原子荧光光度计和火焰原子吸收分光光度计测定了槐叶萍生物体不同部位中微量元素的含量。结果显示:Fe、Mn、Zn、Ni、Cu、Se 6种微量元素在槐叶萍花芽、叶、根与茎中含量差异极显著(P≤0.01),其中槐叶萍中微量元素Fe含量最高,Se的含量最低;与同科植物体比较,京杭运河台儿庄段槐叶萍生物体中微量元素Fe、Mn含量处于中等水平,Zn、Cu含量处于下游水平。     

不同产地西洋参氨基酸种类及含量分析

为研究不同种植区西洋参氨基酸的含量和品质,按食品安全国家标准GB/T5009.124-2016,对加拿大多伦多市、陕西省留坝县、吉林省抚松县、山东省文登市来源的4 a生西洋参进行氨基酸种类和含量测定及对比分析。各产地西洋参均检测出17种氨基酸,其中含有人体必需的赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、亮氨酸、苏氨酸、缬氨酸和半必需氨基酸精氨酸;含有蛋氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸等8种药用氨基酸。人体必需氨基酸及药用氨基酸含量对比分析结果表明,加拿大多伦多市来源西洋参的这两类氨基酸含量最高,分别为46.20 mg/g和61.93 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的54.0%和72.3%,其次是陕西省留坝县来源的西洋参,分别为45.70 mg/g和61.63 mg/g,占总氨基酸含量的51.9%和70.0%。主成分分析及综合评价结果表明,从氨基酸含量及营养均衡性角度来看,陕西省留坝县西洋参是最接近原产地加拿大的西洋参。     

Bound amino acids in humic acids from arable cropping systems

We investigated the varying concentrations of bound amino acids in humic acids (HA) extracted from soils under both crop rotation and continuous cropping of rye. The experiment was created in 1957. Since then, winter rye had been grown continuously and also the sequence of the 7 yr rotation had been started: potato, spring barley, alfalfa, alfalfa, oil seed rape, winter rye, and winter rye. Soils were fertilized with NPK and manure. Continuous cropping of rye increased total acidity of soils and the contents of carboxylic and phenolic groups in HA. The total amounts of the bound amino acids in HA from soils under crop rotation were higher than from continuous cropping of rye. Fertilization with NPK increased the contents of bound amino acids more than manure. Neutral amino acids dominated in all samples of HA, and basic amino acids had the lowest concentrations. In both types of cultivation, glutamic acids, glycine, alanine, valine, and lysine dominated. The proline contents in HA from continuous rye cropping were higher than in HA from soils under crop rotation. The concentrations of β‐alanine and lysine were higher in HA from crop rotation indicating a higher microbial biomass since these compounds are typical constituents of bacteria cell walls.     

Effect of pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed (Ascophylum nodosum) extract on growth,yield, and storage life of different bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars grown under hydroponic conditions

The study was set up to evaluate the efficiency of amino acids and seaweed on vegetative growth, reproductive phase, yield, and postharvest storage quality of hydroponically grown bell pepper cultivars “Sven Rz F-1” and “Red Knight.” Different concentrations of amino acid and seaweed were sprayed on bell pepper plants under hydroponic conditions. Pre-harvest foliar application of amino acids and seaweed significantly increased plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, yield per plant, number of marketable fruits per plant, average fruit diameter, fruit wall thickness, and average single fruit weight. Amino acid and seaweed significantly improved postharvest physicochemical quality of both bell pepper cultivars under extended cold storage conditions. Conclusively, amino acid as well as seaweed extract not only improved growth, development, yield, and overall quality of bell pepper cultivars but also increased storage life with reduced weight loss and decay along with better physicochemical quality.     

不同玉米芯含量对培养料中酶活和木耳产量及其子实体中氨基酸含量的影响

探讨玉米芯含量不同对木耳(Auricularia auricula-judae)培养料中木质素酶和纤维素酶以及子实体产量和氨基酸含量的影响,设置培养料中玉米芯含量分别为10%、30%、50%和70%,在菌丝生长满袋后(菌丝期)和子实体期(第4潮耳出菇期)分别从菌袋的上中下3个部位取培养料混合,测定酶活及木质素和纤维素含量;采收子实体统计4潮菇的产量并测定子实体中氨基酸含量。结果表明:当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时,菌丝生长速度最快。在菌丝期,当培养料中玉米芯含量为70%时木质素过氧化物酶活性最高,当玉米芯含量为50%时锰过氧化物酶活性最高,漆酶活性随玉米芯含量的增加而降低;羧甲基纤维素酶在4个配方中活性均较高,其中当玉米芯含量为30%时酶活性最高;随玉米芯含量的增加,N-乙酰β-D-葡萄糖苷酶活性升高,β-1,3-葡聚糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和内切β-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性呈先升高后降低的趋势,当玉米芯含量为50%时酶活性达到最高。在子实体期,除木质素过氧化物酶和漆酶外,其余几种酶随玉米芯含量的增加,活性的变化规律均与菌丝期不同。在菌丝期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素含量逐渐减少,纤维素含量逐渐增加;在子实体期,随玉米芯含量增加,培养料中的木质素和纤维素含量均先减少后增加,当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时含量最低。当培养料中玉米芯含量为50%时子实体每袋总单产和总产量均最高;当玉米芯含量为30%时,子实体中氨基酸及其衍生物含量最高,其中包括人体必需的8种氨基酸。因此培养料中添加玉米芯可以提高与木质素、纤维素降解相关的酶活性,但是不同的酶在不同含量玉米芯的培养料中分泌规律存在差异。     

香草兰花芽分化期叶片矿质元素变化研究

以香草兰花芽和叶芽功能叶为试验材料,研究其在香草兰花芽分化期矿质元素含量动态变化及差异。结果表明：在香草兰花芽分化期,叶芽和花芽功能叶N含量呈上升趋势,P、K呈下降趋势;Mg、Mn呈先升高后下降趋势,Cu、Zn反之;Ca、Fe、B含量波动频繁且花芽和叶芽功能叶变化不一致。整个香草兰花芽分化期中,花芽功能叶N、P、K含量均低于叶芽功能叶,Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn含量高于叶芽功能叶,二者的Ca、Fe、B含量呈高低波动,无统一规律。     

大气污染条件下马尾松针叶营养元素变化的研究*

大气污染条件下马尾松针叶营养元素变化的研究张萍，杨光滢，李柏忠关键词大气污染，马尾松，营养元素大气污染条件下森林衰亡的研究，自７０年代中期以来为国内外学者所重视［１～３］；对酸性降水与马尾松林衰亡的研究指出，酸雨、酸雾等酸性降水，加上ＳＯ２等酸性干沉...     

醋糟料栽培的平菇类蛋白质质量评价

作者在对醋糟培养料和棉子壳培养料栽培的平菇类蛋白质及氮基酸含量测定的基础上,按照蛋白质的质量评价标准,比较了不同培养料栽培的四个样品中必需氨基酸的化学评分。由营养成分测定和计算比较结果表明,醋槽料蛋白质质量较佳。就四个供试样品而言,平菇类不失为一种人类较好的素食蛋白源。     

黄土区油松人工林生态系统营养元素分配格局和积累的研究

在陕北黄土区3块油松人工林样地中,对油松人工林生态系统各组分中N,P,K,Ca,Mg等5种营养元素的含量、分配格局和积累规律进行了研究.结果表明,油松人工林不同器官中营养元素含量排序为树叶>树枝>树根>树皮>干材;在油松人工林现存量中N,P,K,Ca,Mg总量分别为319.52, 32.53, 250.02, 219.11,43.54 kg/hm2;乔木层、灌木层、草本层和死地被物层养分贮量分别为668.75,0.67,0.24,195.06 kg/hm2;油松人工林N,P,K,Ca,Mg的富集系数分别为3.81,5.19,18.78,1.07,4.81;每生产1t有机物质需要这5种元素约9.41～12.19kg/(hm2*a);乔木层中营养元素积累量为471.27～668.75?kg/hm2,其中干材营养元素积累量约占乔木层的14.9%～16.7%.