交替选择对玉米自交系抗性改良的效应

 【目的】研究交替选择对玉米自交系抗病性、耐旱性以及产量的影响。【方法】选用中国目前玉米生产上应用面积最大的杂交种郑单958的父本自交系昌7-2和母本自交系郑58,分别在河南和海南进行抗病、耐旱、丰产性交替选择。采用田间试验与盆栽试验相结合的方法,测定灰斑病病情指数、耐旱系数、丙二醛(MDA)含量和产量及其构成因素。【结果】与基础材料相比,随着交替选择代数的增加,郑58第一至第四代衍生系的灰斑病病指分别下降了16.1%、16.6%、31.5%和33.1%,昌7-2第一至第四代衍生系灰斑病病指分别下降了28.1%、29.7%、45.3%和49.5%;随选择代数增加MDA含量逐代下降,耐旱系数逐代提高;郑58和昌7-2的第四代平均产量分别比其相应基础材料提高8.3%和9.1%。【结论】经过连续四代交替选择后,郑58和昌7-2的抗病性、耐旱性以及产量都得到了明显的提高,证明交替选择对玉米自交系抗逆性改良是有效的。     

转型期资源型城市农业合作经济组织建设分析——以大庆市为例

转型期资源型城市必然面临产业替代问题,因此发展资源替代产业十分必要。产业的转型有不同的方向,农业也是其中的方向之一。本文以大庆市为例对以农业作为转型方向的产业培育及以农业合作经济组织的发展的必要性、农业合作经济组织的现状、运行效果进行了分析,并提出了对策。     

交替灌溉对间作小麦蚕豆产量和根系的影响

通过根箱试验,研究了交替灌溉对小麦间作蚕豆的产量、根质量、根长的影响,以期探讨将交替灌溉技术集成到间作中的可行性.结果表明:与传统灌溉方式相比,交替灌溉使单作小麦的经济产量、生物产量、根质量、根长分别提高了14.7%、2.9%、6.4%、7.2%,使间作小麦分别提高了21.1%、13.2%、16.1%16.0%;交替灌...     

Feasibility of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) wood and its by-products for particleboard manufacturing

The wood panel industry uses a large volume of wood and it is essential to research the use of new tree species for these types of products. As such, the aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of Cordia trichotoma (Vell.) wood, both on its own and as a mixture with Pinus spp., as well as to understand the effect on particleboard quality when adding the species’ bark and shavings. The experimental design included nine treatments that assessed various mixture proportations of C. trichotoma and Pinus; for example, 10% bark, and 10% shavings of C. trichotoma with Pinus spp. and C. trichotoma particles, as well as mixtures of these two species in proportions of 25/75%, 50%/50%, and 75/25%. The results indicate that the Cordia trichotoma specie is technically feasible when manufacturing particleboards in pure form. The incorporation of bark (at 10% of the mixture) is also technically feasible. It is also feasible to use the shavings of C. trichotoma. In general, all treatments produced outputs that showed dimensional stability and mechanical strength statistically equal or higher than control treatments (Pinus spp.); thus, these products may be used for non-structural applications in dry and/or moist conditions.     

50%二氯喹啉酸WP替代药剂的筛选

为筛选出50%二氯喹啉酸WP的替代药剂,选择30%氯酰草膦EC、33.6%苯吡唑草酮SC、315 g/L异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆SC作为替代药剂与50%二氯喹啉酸WP在同一玉米地进行田间试验。结果表明:30%氯酰草膦EC除草效果及对玉米的安全性均未达到50%二氯喹啉酸WP同等水平,不宜作为替代药剂;33.6%苯吡唑草酮SC杂草防治效果与50%二氯喹啉酸WP相当,玉米的生长情况与50%二氯喹啉酸WP差异不显著,虽可以降低二氯喹啉酸的药害风险,但考虑到用药成本和半衰期远大于50%二氯喹啉酸WP,亦不宜作为替代药剂;315 g/L异噁唑草酮·噻酮磺隆SC的除草效果优于50%二氯喹啉酸WP,且易降解,可作替代药剂用于玉米-烤烟轮作区玉米地杂草防除,可以解决二氯喹啉酸对后茬烟草的药害问题。     

Double-Cropping Pinto Bean after Winter Barley in Western Colorado USA

A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phaseolus vutgaris L.） for the valley areas of western Colorado USA and other similar environments. Double-cropping pinto bean after winter barley was successful, but to use our double-cropping technology in commercial agriculture in adapted locations will likely require identifying or developing a winter barley cultivar that matures earlier than current cultivars but does not head and flower so early that it is susceptible to freeze damage. Double-cropping was more profitable in all three years than growing either pinto bean or winter barley as a sole crop.     

垄作覆盖条件下灌溉方式与灌溉量对夏玉米田土壤呼吸的影响

在垄作覆盖条件下,研究了夏玉米生长季中常规灌溉(沟沟灌溉)和隔沟交替灌溉2种灌溉方式对土壤呼吸作用昼夜变化、阶段变化规律及不同水分胁迫下土壤含水量与土壤呼吸速率的相关关系.结果表明,夏玉米拔节期土壤呼吸速率最小,抽雄期最大,之后缓慢回落;昼夜动态变化呈单峰变化趋势,高峰、低谷分别在14:00和6:00左右;在同一水分条件下,交替灌溉方式土壤呼吸速率高于常规灌溉,处理间最大差异平均可达3.46 μmol·m-2·s-1,交替灌溉方式下土壤呼吸速率昼夜变化幅度小于常规灌溉方式下土壤呼吸速率;不同水分胁迫条件下,土壤呼吸速率呈现出轻度亏缺处理>中度亏缺处理>重度亏缺处理;玉米生长期较高土壤含水量促使土壤呼吸增强,尤其在玉米生长中期土壤呼吸速率与耕层土壤含水量呈极显著的正相关关系.     

MYL1基因mRNA选择性剪切体的鉴定及其在不同发育时期的蓝塘与长白猪骨骼肌中的表达

肌球蛋白轻链1基因(MYL1)的2个剪切体MLC1f及MLC3f在骨骼肌不同发育时期中发挥着重要作用。为进一步了解MYL1基因在猪骨骼肌发育过程中的重要作用,通过电子克隆、RT-PCR扩增及实时定量PCR方法克隆和鉴定了猪MYL1基因mRNA 5个选择性剪切体(MLC1f、MLC3f、MLC5f-A、MLC5f-B和MLC5f-C)。其中MLC5f-A、MLC5f-B和MLC5f-C是在猪背最长肌中鉴定到的MYL1基因的3个新转录本,目前在人、鼠等其它物种尚无这三种转录本的报道。结果表明,剪切体MLC3f在180日龄长白猪中的表达量最高,而剪切体MLC1f则是在90日龄蓝塘猪的表达量最高;剪切体MLC5f-A在蓝塘与长白猪中各发育时期的表达量都很低;除了剪切体MLC1f外,其余转录本的表达量均为随个体体重的增加而逐步增加。通过对MYL1基因不同选择性剪切体的鉴定,为其在骨骼肌不同发育阶段或组织类型特异性表达调控研究奠定了基础,为该基因功能的研究提供重要线索。     

棉花盐胁迫途径中蛋白磷酸化同源基因(GhSOS2)2种剪接体的克隆及表达分析#br#

【目的】了解棉花在盐胁迫条件下相关基因的表达,并克隆与抗(耐)盐相关的重要基因。【方法】通过筛选棉花EST数据库,并对目标EST序列进行整合,对中棉所49在非盐胁迫和盐胁迫条件下进行处理并利用RT-PCR的方法克隆了质膜Na+／H+逆向转运蛋白途径中的1个蛋白磷酸化同源基因,命名为GhSOS,并通过实时荧光定量PCR对其表达特征进行分析。【结果】序列分析表明,该基因成熟mRNA的剪接存在2种可选择性的剪接体,分别命名为GhSOS2a(GenBank登录号：GU188960)和GhSOS2b(GenBank登录号：GU188961),分别编码445和421个氨基酸残基。由于剪接方式的差异,导致GhSOS2a比GhSOS2b多出一个外显子(长度为72 bp)。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,GhSOS2a在非盐胁迫和盐胁迫条件下的根茎组织、叶组织均表达,但GhSOS2b仅在盐胁迫条件下的根茎组织、叶组织表达,且表达量远高于GhSOS2a。【结论】在棉花盐胁迫过程中,GhSOS2存在2种可选择性剪接体,而且可能主要是GhSOS2b参与棉花的质膜Na+／H+逆向转运蛋白途径并发挥一定作用。     

Pond production of Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,fed grain distillers dried yeast

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of four diets formulated to contain increasing levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g kg^?1 of diet) of grain distillers dried yeast (GDDY) in production diets for Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in outdoor tanks or production ponds. The production pond trial was carried out in 16, 0.1‐ha ponds using four replicates per diet. Juvenile shrimp (38.1 ± 4.26 mg, initial weight) were stocked at 30 shrimp m^?2 for a 16‐week period. The same four diets and a commercial reference diet were offered to shrimp maintained in outdoor tanks over a 12‐week period. A total of 20 tanks were stocked with juvenile shrimp (3.05 ± 0.22 g, initial weight) obtained from production ponds at a density of 30 shrimp per tank (40 shrimp m^?2). At the conclusion of these trials, mean final weight ranged from 19.77 to 23.05 g, yield ranged between 4760 and 5606 kg ha^?1, survival ranged from 69.6% to 89.4%, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was between 1.02 and 1.23. Shrimp reared in the outdoor tanks confirmed the results of the pond trial. Mean final weight ranged between 18.12 and 18.97 g, survival ranged from 93.3% to 98.3%, and FCR was between 1.25 and 1.29. In both trials, there were no significant differences regarding mean final weight, FCR and survival among dietary treatments. Based on this study, GDDY up to 150 g kg^?1 of diet can be used in L. vannamei commercial feed formulation.