Partial replacement of fishmeal with Clostridium autoethanogenum single‐cell protein in the diet for juvenile black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii)

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) is a single‐cell protein derived from ethanol production and may have potential to become a substitute for fishmeal in aquafeeds. A 70‐day feeding trial was conducted with black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) (mean initial weight 6.03 ± 0.09 g) to evaluate partial replacement of fishmeal with CAP in diets. Seven isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated with graded levels of CAP (0, 4.85, 9.70, 14.55, 19.40, 38.80 and 58.20%) to replace fishmeal. The inclusion of CAP at all dietary levels tested did not significantly affect the growth performance (p > .05). Fish fed the CAP58.20% diet showed a significantly lower feeding rate, with significantly higher protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency ratio compared with fish fed the other diets (p < .05). No statistical differences were found in dorsal muscle and whole‐body compositions. Total superoxide dismutase in serum of fish fed CAP58.20% diet was significantly lower compared with that of the control. Malondialdehyde, catalase, total antioxidant capacity and digestive enzyme activities revealed no significant differences among dietary treatments. Phosphorus retention efficiency significantly increased, and phosphorus discharge showed a downward trend with increasing CAP inclusion levels. In conclusion, the results indicated that CAP is a safe and effective alternative protein source, which can replace fishmeal in the diet of black sea bream up to 58.20%, without adverse effects on growth performance, antioxidation and digestive enzyme activity. This study has shown the potential of converting industrial waste into a high protein feed ingredient for aquafeeds.     

Exogenous protease supplementation of poultry by‐product meal‐based diets for broilers: Effects on growth,carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels (0%, 3% and 6%) of poultry by‐product meal (PBM) with or without protease on broiler growth, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility from 1 to 35 days. Two hundred and forty birds (n = 240) were fed equi‐caloric and equi‐nitrogenous (ME 2850 kcal/kg; CP 20%) diets throughout the experiment. The enzyme supplementation increased feed intake (p < .01) and body weight gain (p < .01), but feed:gain remained unaffected (p > .05) from 1 to 21 days. Increasing level of PBM decreased feed intake (p < .05), but body weight gain was improved (p < .05) at 3% PBM level during 1 to 21 days. The feed:gain was improved (p < .05) in birds fed diets containing 3% PBM. The feed:gain was also improved in birds fed diets containing 3% PBM from 1 to 35 days. However, feed intake and body weight gain in birds fed diets containing PBM remained unaffected. An interaction (p < .01) on feed intake between enzyme and PBM was noticed during 1 to 21 days. However, no interaction was recorded for body weight gain and feed:gain. The per cent carcass yield improved (p < .01) in birds fed diets supplemented with enzyme. The per cent breast meat yield was depressed (p < .005) in birds fed diets containing PBM. Apparent metabolizable energy (p < .001), nitrogen retention (p < .01), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (p < .001), and apparent digestibility coefficient for nitrogen (p < .01) improved in birds fed diets containing enzyme; however, a reverse was noticed in those fed diets containing only PBM. In conclusion, inclusion of 3% PBM along with supplementation of exogenous protease improved performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers.     

小麦Ta NAC基因基于可变剪切和micro RNA的转录后调控分析

【目的】以条锈菌和白粉菌胁迫的普通小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)为研究对象,分析由可变剪切(alternative splicing,AS)形成的TaNAC结构变异转录本,同时分析TaNAC基因的microRNA调控位点,为进一步解析TaNAC基因通过转录后调控参与小麦响应真菌胁迫奠定基础。【方法】普通小麦兼抗种质N9134在被白粉菌和条锈菌分别侵染后,各8个时间点取样并混合,然后从混合样本中克隆得到大量TaNAC转录本。参考中国春小麦基因组注释信息(IWGSC RefSeq v1.1)进行比对,选择由可变剪切形成的TaNAC序列结构变异转录本,分析它们的序列结构特征。利用生物信息学软件和在线工具,对这些TaNAC结构变异转录本编码产物的功能结构域、高级结构、理化性质、亚细胞定位等特征和变异情况进行比对分析。同时,利用洋葱表皮细胞瞬时表达系统验证其中1对TaNAC结构变异转录本的亚细胞定位预测结果,并选取5组TaNAC基因的可变剪切序列结构变异转录本进行酵母转录自激活试验,研究序列结构变异对TaNAC基因转录调控活性的影响。此外,利用miRBase数据库收录的小麦中已...     

基于序列信息预测内含子保留型可变剪接

可变剪接是遗传信息传递与表达的重要环节,真核生物多外显子基因pre-m RNA的可变剪接现象非常普遍。可变剪接增加了蛋白质的多样性,影响诸如细胞组织特异性分化、个体发育、疾病发生等重要的生物学过程。基于内含子的k-mer(k=1…5)信息,利用多样性增量结合二次判别的方法,对保留型内含子和组成型内含子进行了区分。五折交叉检验显示的预测总精度、敏感性和特异性均大于70%。表明内含子的序列信息可能对保留型内含子的剪接有重要调控作用。     

Experimental Research on the Application of Enviromental Protection Refrigerants in the Large-scale Screw-Refrigerator

On the research of alternative refrigerants, because of their advantageous thermal characters and unparalleled prepondrance of environmental protection, kinds of HCs substance have taken more and more scholars attention. At the base of full demonstration, the HCs is applied on large-scale screw-refrigerator for the first time. The result indicate that, although the autlwrs do not make any better about the system, the energy-efficiency-ratio(EER) of R290 system is equally matched R22 system. So R290 can alternate R22 in the refrigerant system and can works well. If some improvements are maken on the system against the flammability of HCs, then the large-scale refrigerant system with HCs as the refrigerant could march to the markets, and make immense social and economic benefits.     

Glacially abraded rock flour from Greenland: Potential for macronutrient supply to plants

Rock flour (RF) is a fine‐grained material produced naturally by glacial movement and resulting bedrock abrasion. In Greenland fluvial transported RF from the inland ice sheet sediments in riverbeds and marine outflows. This fine‐sized RF (50% < 9.8 µm) has a high reactivity and may therefore potentially be used to rejuvenate nutrient poor soils and provide nutrients to plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a RF from Greenland to supply P, K, Mg, and S to plants. A double‐pot system was used, in which ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) could take up nutrients from both a hydroponic solution and a soil‐compartment with or without RF amendment; a soil mixture or pure sand was used in the soil‐compartment to estimate RF‐soil interaction effects. Omission of single nutrients from the hydroponic solution allowed assessment of which nutrients the RF in the soil‐compartment was able to supply. Ryegrass biomass was harvested four times during 62 days. We found that RF could supply K continuously to plants grown in soil or sand, but insufficient to fully circumvent K deficiency. During 62 days 5.8% and 4.3% of the applied K from RF was accumulated in the aboveground plant tissue in soil and sand, respectively. Mg was supplied from RF to plants in sand, but no significant effects were observed in soil, possibly due to background soil Mg availability. The amounts of P and S supplied to plants were insignificant. These results indicate the potential of Greenland RF to act as a slow release K and Mg fertilizer.     

穿心莲全长转录组测序及特性分析

为从转录水平上解析穿心莲体内主要进行的生物进程及其分子机制,选取生长60天的福建漳州生产用穿心莲苗为材料,利用超长单分子测序技术测得其根、茎和倒三叶的全长转录组初始序列信息.对初始序列进行筛选、去冗余、校正、功能注释和基因结构分析.结果 显示,穿心莲基因的功能主要富集于代谢途径、次生代谢产物合成途径及抗生素合成途径.b...     

溴甲烷土壤消毒替代技术研究进展

概述了溴甲烷替代品的新进展。在土壤消毒方面,新的进展有化学替代品:氯化苦胶囊、氯化苦乳剂、氯化苦+噻唑磷混用、C₂N₂、氰铵化钙、异硫氰酸烯丙酯、异硫氰酸甲酯、1,3—二氯丙烯和氯化苦混剂、碘甲烷、环氧丙烷、叠氮化合物、硫酰氟等。在使用技术上,采用化学灌溉和注射施药技术进一步提高药剂分布的均匀性。在非化学替代技术上,生物熏蒸和有机质补充正受到重视。减少溴甲烷的技术正在快速地发展。