酸、Cd胁迫对宽叶雀稗种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚细胞结构的影响

为研究宽叶雀稗(Paspalum wettsteinii)对酸和Cd胁迫可能存在的特殊响应策略,以宽叶雀稗种子为试验材料,采用培养皿滤纸法,设置不同酸(pH为5.5、4.5、3.5)和Cd(5、10、20 mg·L-1)胁迫浓度,测定不同胁迫条件下宽叶雀稗种子萌发、幼苗生长及亚细胞结构等指标。结果表明:酸胁迫对宽叶雀稗种子发芽率具有促进作用,其中pH 4.5具有显著促进作用;pH 3.5处理对宽叶雀稗种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长和生物量等指标具有抑制作用,其他酸胁迫处理则与对照(纯水处理)无显著差异(P0.05);Cd胁迫条件下宽叶雀稗的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均与对照无显著差异(P0.05),活力指数、芽长、根长和生物量均随Cd胁迫浓度的增加呈显著降低趋势(P0.05);pH 3.5和10 mg·L-1Cd胁迫均会对根尖质膜和芽的亚细胞结构造成严重损伤,出现淀粉粒肿胀、断裂,细胞器解体和细胞空泡化等现象。研究表明,宽叶雀稗种子对酸和Cd胁迫有一定的耐性,轻度胁迫会促进种子萌发和幼苗生长。     

The Alleviating Effect of Elevated CO2 on Heat Stress Susceptibility of Two Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars

This study analysed the alleviating effect of elevated CO₂ on stress‐induced decreases in photosynthesis and changes in carbohydrate metabolism in two wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) of different origin. The plants were grown in ambient (400 μl l^?1) and elevated (800 μl l^?1) CO₂ with a day/night temperature of 15/10 °C. At the growth stages of tillering, booting and anthesis, the plants were subjected to heat stress of 40 °C for three continuous days. Photosynthetic parameters, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry (F_v/F_m) and contents of pigments and carbohydrates in leaves were analysed before and during the stress treatments as well as after 1 day of recovery. Heat stress reduced P_N and F_v/F_m in both wheat cultivars, but plants grown in elevated CO₂ maintained higher P_N and F_v/F_m in comparison with plants grown in ambient CO₂. Heat stress reduced leaf chlorophyll contents and increased leaf sucrose contents in both cultivars grown at ambient and elevated CO₂. The content of hexoses in the leaves increased mainly in the tolerant cultivar in response to the combination of elevated CO₂ and heat stress. The results show that heat stress tolerance in wheat is related to cultivar origin, the phenological stage of the plants and can be alleviated by elevated CO₂. This confirms the complex interrelation between environmental factors and genotypic traits that influence crop performance under various climatic stresses.     

四川盆地及盆周山区玉米地方种质耐低磷胁迫研究

以来自四川盆地及盆周山区的22个玉米地方种质为材料,在低磷胁迫下对苗期缺磷症状,成株期株高、穗行数、百粒重、行粒数以及穗粒重等性状表现进行了研究。结果表明,低磷胁迫对玉米的主要农艺、经济性状均有不同程度的影响,其中对苗期缺磷症状及成株期穗粒重的影响最大,且不同玉米地方种质在苗期和成株期对低磷胁迫的反应不同,以苗期缺磷症状和成株期穗粒重的耐低磷胁迫系数的平均值作为耐低磷综合指数,能较好地反映玉米地方种质的耐低磷胁迫能力。将耐低磷综合指数按最短距离法进行聚类,可将22个玉米地方种质划分为三类。其中,第一类材料包括:汉源红包谷、汉源白包谷、汶川二白、江北大板牙,占鉴定总数的18.2%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.81以上,属于对低磷胁迫不敏感基因型;第二类材料包括南充秋子等4个玉米地方种质,占鉴定总数的18.2%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.73~0.77之间,属于对低磷胁迫反应中间型;第三类材料包括小金金皇后等14个地方种质,占鉴定总数的63.6%,它们的耐低磷综合指数在0.73以下,属于对低磷胁迫敏感基因型。     

芽期NaCl胁迫下不同基因型芝麻的反应差异研究

通过芽期NaCl胁迫研究了不同浓度NaCl对芝麻种子成苗及幼苗生长的影响,分析了0.4%NaCl胁迫下不同基因型芝麻的反应差异。结果表明：（1） 0～0.4%的NaCl浓度对芝麻种子成苗率影响较小,在NaCl浓度为0.6%～0.8%时表现为成苗率下降;芽长和简易活力指数均随NaCl浓度的增加而不断下降;根长和苗鲜重则因品种不同表现有异,部分品种随NaCl浓度增加呈先升后降趋势,部分品种则表现为不断下降趋势,不同芝麻品种表现差异较大。（2） 所有参试品种在0.4%的NaCl浓度胁迫下在根长、芽长、苗鲜重、简易活力指数等测定指标上均表现出下降较为明显,认为0.4%的NaCl浓度胁迫可以作为芝麻种质资源耐盐性筛选鉴定的参考浓度。（3）聚类分析结果将39份种质资源明显聚为两类,即包含12份种质的耐盐类和包含27份种质的不耐盐类。（4） 参试的改良品种（系）与地方种质耐盐性差异不大,地方种质的耐盐性指标的多样性指数要大于改良品种（系）,即在NaCl胁迫下地方种质所表现的基因型差异要大于改良品种（系）。     

Relationship of blood corticosterone, immunoglobulin and haematological values in young crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) to water temperature, clutch of origin and body weight

Objective To examine whether sub-optimal temperature induced stress and immunosuppression in farmed saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) hatchlings. Design A clinico-pathological study. Animals A total of 140 hatchlings were used. Procedure Body weight and length, plasma corticosterone and immunoglobulin concentrations and total and differential white blood cell counts were measured in 140 hatchlings from five clutches divided between five water temperature treatment groups. Initially all groups were housed at 32°C for 10 weeks, then two groups (L, LC) were changed to low temperature (28°C) and two groups (H, HC) to high temperature (36°C), while one group (C) remained at 32°C. The LC and HC groups were maintained at these temperatures for 10 days, after which the water temperature of both groups was returned to 32°C. Blood samples were collected twice (at 6 and 9 weeks of age) before the initial temperature change, and at 10 days and 4 weeks after the initial temperature change (at 11.5 and 14 weeks of age). Results Except for an increase in plasma corticosterone in the HC group and a decrease in the L group when the temperature change was first introduced, changes in plasma corticosterone were not significant. There were no significant changes in immunoglobulin concentrations. There were, however, significant decreases in the total white cell and lymphocyte counts in the LC group after the temperature was decreased to 28°C, and an increase in these counts after water temperature was returned to 32°C. Clutch of origin had significant effects on body weight and length gains, and there were negative relationships between body weight and corticosterone concentrations and between body weight and immunoglobulin concentrations. Conclusions As haematological changes indicative of stress were not associated with significant changes in serum corticosterone, immunosuppression in young crocodiles may be independent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortical axis.     

The Influence of In-situ Stress Gradient and Geothermal Temperature on The Calculation of Coalbed Gas Pressure

On the basis of coal seam having outcrop of coal seam and outlet on ground,the method for calculating coalbed gas pressure from the one-dimensional stable gas flow equation by considering deeply the influence of in-situ stress gradient and geothermal temperature is presented. In some mine, the theoretically computing and measuring results of coalbed gas pressure show that the in-situ stress gradient and the geothermal temperature have important influence on the calculation of coalbed gas pressure, and if the factors are drew into the calculation of coaled gas pressure,it will make the results much more accurate.     

Investigations of the particle motion characteristics in the gas solid two phase wake of leeward side circular cylinder

This paper investigates the characteristics of the particle motion in circular cylinder wake flow of leeward side by simulating the micro particle flow around circular cylinder using Euler two fluid model combined with Reynolds stress model. It compares the particle velocity and concentration of different particle size in the leeward area. The results show that the vortex is formed after the gas flowed passing the cylinder, and the concentration and velocity of particles are affected by the turbulent intensity in the leeward side. Gas entrainment vortex and particles own inertia decide the flow form of fine particle around the cylinder. Both effects impact the particle concentration distribution of different size particles in the leeward area. With the increase of particle size, the particle concentration increases at the beginning and then decreases in the leeward area.     

高温胁迫对小麦幼苗几个生理生化指标的影响

采用人工气候室控温,在大气相对湿度40%的条件下,以22℃为对照,在32,36,40℃的高温胁迫条件下,对烟农19二叶期小麦叶片内叶绿素含量、超氧化物岐化酶总活力、丙二醛含量和可溶性糖含量的变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：随着胁迫处理时间的延长,叶片内叶绿素含量迅速降低,且随胁迫温度的升高,叶绿素降解率增大;超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及膜脂过氧化产物（MDA）含量呈现先上升后下降趋势;可溶性糖含量呈上升趋势,且随胁迫温度的升高,可溶性糖含量升高幅度呈上升趋势。这些变化可能是由于高温胁迫造成细胞内膜系统损害所致。     

水稻拔节期和抽穗期低温对稻米品质影响

【目的】为了探讨低温冷害对水稻品质的影响,以便为气候变化背景下辽宁地区水稻的高效栽培和品质认证提供理论依据。【方法】以水稻90-35为供试品种,分别于拔节期和抽穗期通过TRP-1000D型人工智能气候箱进行不同低温处理(比外界低5℃和低3℃,均持续5 d),以正常栽培管理作对照,5个处理,分别记为CK、A1、A2、B1、B2,分析拔节期和抽穗期不同等级低温胁迫处理对水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质的影响。【结果】低温胁迫下90-35水稻的蛋白质含量、直链淀粉含量较CK显著增加,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的蛋白质含量分别比CK增加3.45%、1.15%、6.90%、8.05%,除处理B1外直链淀粉含量分别比CK增加1.75%、0.44%、0.44%;脂肪酸含量和精米率较CK显著减少,处理A1、A2、B1、B2的脂肪酸含量分别比CK减少17.75%、7.5%、25%、11%,精米率分别比CK减少2.1%、6.95%、0.22%、7.5%。拔节期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著减少,处理A1、A2的糙米率分别比CK减少0.73%、1.09%,垩白粒率分别比CK减少33.3%、22.2%;抽雄期低温胁迫下糙米率和垩白粒率显著增加,处理B1、B2的的糙米率分别比CK增加0.6%、3.02%,垩白粒率分别比CK增加255.6%、133.3%,即低温胁迫使其营养品质和研磨品质中的精米率受到负面影响,而拔节期适当低温胁迫处理对其研磨品质中的糙米率和外观品质有益。【结论】水稻90-35在不同生育时期经受不同低温胁迫处理后,水稻的营养品质、研磨品质和外观品质均受到不同程度的影响。