硬壳蛤的生物学及养殖

硬壳蛤广泛分布于北美洲东海岸，是美国大西洋沿岸各州的重要经济双壳数。该种对温度和盐度适应性较广，适应多种底质生活。2000年，由美国引入大连，本文结合引入后对其人工育苗和养殖的初步研究，综述了硬壳蛤的生长、繁殖、幼体发育和生态习性等养殖生物学特性和硬壳蛤浮游幼体培养、中间育成及养殖技术等，为硬壳蛤在我国开展增养殖提供参考。     

Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on weed control,weed seed rain and crop yield in maize,sunflower and soyabean

Eight field experiments with maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) and soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were carried out in central Italy in order to evaluate the effects of mechanical and chemical methods (spring-tine harrowing, hoeing, hoeing-ridging, split-hoeing, finger-weeding, herbicides in the row + inter-row hoeing, herbicides broadcast) on weed control, weed seed rain and crop yield. The choice of chemical and mechanical treatments in maize and soyabean compared to sunflower, required to be managed more carefully in order to maximize the weed control reducing yield losses. A global rating of weed control methods, based on their weed control efficacy, was obtained as useful means to assist farmers and technicians to choose the more appropriate weed control method. The combination of herbicides intra-row and hoeing inter-row gave best efficacy (on average 99% of weed control), with a 50% reduction in the chemical load in the environment. Hoeing-ridging gave good results, both inter- and intra-row (on average 93% of weed control); this method was also effective in reducing competitive ability and seed production of uncontrolled weeds. Split-hoeing or finger-weeding showed some limitations giving satisfactory results only when combined. Harrowing gave lowest weed control, although when combined to other mechanical methods, can help achieve a better efficacy.     

水稻基质育秧不同播种量对秧苗素质和产量的影响

为探索有机基质料培育标准化壮秧技术,以武运粳23号和＂科杰＂牌基质为材料,采用田间试验方法,研究了5种不同播种量水平对水稻秧苗地上部与地下部性状、大田茎蘖动态及产量的影响。结果表明,随着播种量增加,秧苗地上部和地下部性状差异较大,在播种量为120-210 g/盘范围内,叶绿素含量、盘结力和根系活力则随着播种量增加而增加,在播种量为150-180 g/盘时基质料育出的秧苗更有利于培育健壮的机插秧苗,具体表现为增穗、增粒作用,可以在大面积范围内推广应用。     

立足生态资源优势,大力发展水稻制繁种基地

在国家要求加快推进现代种业发展的形势下,地处浙西南山区的遂昌,利用当地生态资源,以注重强化组织领导、注重管理机制创新、注重科技攻关、注重质量监管、注重扶持激励等为举措,合力建设水稻制繁种基地县。     

四川省水稻种业知识产权保护现状及发展对策研究

以四川省2000-2012年水稻种业核心知识产权(水稻品种权和水稻发明专利)保护与管理状况为研究对象,重点对水稻核心知识产权的申请量、授权量、申请机构及技术领域分布等信息进行分析。在此基础上,探讨了四川水稻种业知识产权保护管理中存在的问题,并提出促进四川水稻种业知识产权保护的对策与建议。     

风沙黄土区排土场不同恢复类型植物群落与土壤种子库特征

风沙黄土区排土场作为一种人造生态系统,自然条件恶劣,土壤贫瘠,植被恢复困难。为了探明有效的人工促进植被恢复措施,采用植被调查与种子库萌发试验相结合的方法,通过研究不同植被类型地上植物群落与土壤种子库特征及二者的关系,探讨了其植被恢复效益及潜力。结果表明:研究区人工植被恢复下地上植物群落中共47种植物,分属16科40属,土壤种子库共14种植物,分属5科13属,其中均以禾本科、菊科、藜科、豆科占主导地位; 灌木植被的地上植被和土壤种子库的物种多样性均表现为最优; 地上植被与土壤种子库密度的变化范围为88.48～495.47株/m²,74.74～1422.91粒/m²,且均在草地类型下最大。土壤种子库和地上植被的相似性普遍较低,相似性系数仅为0.16～0.23。因此,风沙黄土区排土场的植被恢复与重建需要加强保护与管理,可以考虑构建以草灌配置为主的人工植被恢复模式,保障群落的恢复潜力,并提高群落多样性与稳定性,亦可考虑引入外源种子库提升群落恢复的潜力。     

花生覆膜栽培技术要点

根据农机与农艺相结合的原则,从地块选择、种子处理、地膜选用、铺膜要求、田间管理、除草、收获等方面,探讨花生覆膜栽培技术要点,为提高花生的产量和品质提供理论参考。     

杉木3代种子园良种与1.5代种子园良种营建林对比试验

以杉木3代种子园和1.5代种子园良种营建对比试验林,对试验林11、21、34、45个月生的生长量进行调查分析,结果表明：杉木3代种子园良种生长显著优于1.5代种子园良种。其林分45个月生时,平均树高、胸径、单株立木材积分别为4.26m、5.97㎝、0.0083m3,分别比对照大53.24%、88.92%、336.84%,且林分整齐性优于杉木1.5代种子园良种。     

马尾松一代种子园土壤营养诊断研究

通过检测马尾松一代种子园的土壤N、P、K、Ca、Mg、B、Mo等主要营养元素和母株球果产量,分析探讨种子园土壤养分间的相关性、互作规律及对产量的效应,对土壤养分进行诊断,结果表明:P、Ca、Mo、Mg、B以及NMg、N-K、P-Ca、P-K、P-Mo、P-Mg、P-B、K-Mg、Ca-Mo的互作是影响马尾松一代种子园产量的主导因子。P-Ca、P-Mo、P-Mg、P-B以及Ca-Mo的交互对球果产量为正效应,而P-K、K-Mg、N-Mg、N-K对球果产量为负增产效应。营养元素间的相关性,除了N与Mo为拮抗关系外,其它元素之间呈协同关系;种子园土壤养分适宜浓度范围即营养诊断标准为水解N(91.40~116.06 mg/kg),有效P(1.72~2.78 mg/kg),速效K(107.76~136.62 mg/kg)、交换性Ca(36.00~56.88 mg/kg)、交换性Mg(8.18~16.58 mg/kg),有效B(0.31~0.55 mg/kg),有效Mo(0.25~0.47 mg/kg);现实种子园土壤N、P、K、Mo等速效养分含量总体偏低,处于缺乏或极缺乏状态,Ca、Mg、B含量大多处于中等水平;种子园建议施肥配方为:每株施N 25.48g、P2O529.75g、K2O 12.07g、Ca O 55.54g、Mg O 6.05 g、Mo 0.48 g,配比为N∶P2O5∶Ca O∶Mg O∶K2O∶Mo=4∶5∶2∶9∶1∶0.08。     

Proteomic Analysis of Wheat Seed in Response to Drought Stress

Drought stress is one of the major factors affecting in wheat yield and grain quality. In order to investigate how drought stress might influence wheat quality during grain filling, three wheat cultivars Gaocheng 8901, Jagger and Nongda 3406 were subjected to drought stress during the grain filling stage. Neither globulin and glutenin, nor the relative percentage ofamylose significantly changed following drought treatments, whereas albumin and gliadin concentrations did. The SDS-sedimentation, which has a strong linear correlation with wheat baking quality was markedly decreased following drought stress. These results indicated that drought had an adverse effect on wheat qualit3,. In order to investigate the protein complexes in the wheat flour, the data from native PAGE and SDS-PAGE were combined and a total of 14 spots were successfully identified, and of these eight protein types were determined to be potential complex forming proteins.