绿豆种质资源农艺性状的因子分析及综合评价

为合理利用绿豆种质资源,本研究以55份绿豆种质资源为材料,通过对其10个农艺性状进行因子分析及聚类分析。结果表明:10个农艺性状的变异系数为8.57%~47.19%,其中单株粒重变异系数最大,生育期变异系数最小。将10个农艺性状简化为结荚数因子、高度因子、粒数因子、粒重因子和生育期因子5个独立的主因子,该5个主因子可以反映原始信息的86.340%。经综合得分排序,评选出10份性状优良的绿豆种质资源。聚类分析将55份种质资源的10个数量性状分为3大类,类群I、类群II、类群III分别包括22份、7份、26份材料。结合综合评价和聚类分析认为,在黑龙江绿豆生产中,‘安绿8号’、‘佳木斯黄绿豆’、‘冀绿1号’可作为品种选育的改良亲本,也可大面积种植利用。     

224个谷子品种农艺性状聚类和相关性分析

对来自不同生态区224个谷子品种材料的农艺性状进行聚类和相关性分析。结果表明,27个农艺性状的变异范围为11.20%～110.70%,各农艺性状的变异程度由大到小依次为有效穗数、籽粒颜色、穗重、穗粒重、码粒数、单株草重、米色、穗型、茎秆粗度、籽粒形状、植株颜色、穗颈形状、穗码密度、穗粗、护颖颜色、刚毛长度、穗颈长度、穗长、刚毛颜色、花药颜色、倒二叶宽、抽穗期、千粒重、株高、伸长节节数、叶姿、倒二叶长。单株穗粒重与穗重、单株草重呈极显著正相关。用Ward离差平方和聚类分析发现,当欧式距离为19时,224个谷子品种可以分为六大类群,第Ⅰ类群(83份材料)生育期较短,属早熟类型,千粒重较大,穗较粗,但其他性状属于中等水平;第Ⅱ类群(64份材料)生育期相对较短,穗重、穗粒重在各类群中处于较高水平;第Ⅲ类群(41份材料)生育期最长,属晚熟类型,株高较高,分蘖较少,产量较低;第Ⅳ类群(25份材料)生育期较长,属中晚熟类型,株高较低,分蘖数较少,产量属中下等水平;第Ⅴ类群(1份材料)生育期较长,属中晚熟类型,刚毛较长,叶片较窄,株高较高,分蘖数较多,单株草重最大,千粒重和产量属中上等水平;第Ⅵ类群(...     

核桃楸种子性状的初步研究

以近圆形、长形核桃楸种子为试材,对其部分性状及出苗率进行研究.结果表明,近圆形核桃楸种子的单果重、纵径、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度、壳厚、种仁重、出仁率依次平均为7.46 g、3.80 mm、2.59 mm、2.54 mm、2.64 mm、2.63、3.0 mm、4.1 mm、2.2 mm、1.3g、18.0％,长形核桃楸种子的上述指标依次平均为7.91 g、3.19 mm、2.61 mm、2.62 mm、2.98 mm、2.65、3.5 mm、4.3 mm、2.1 mm、1.2 g、16.8％,近圆形核桃楸种子单果重、横径、侧径、三径均值、单果重/三径均值、缝合线厚度、缝合线宽度依次比长形的小5.7％、0.8％、3.1％、11.4％、0.8％、4.8％、16.7％,其余指标依次高19.1％、4.9％、8.3％、7.1％;随着种壳减少,种子吸水达恒重所需时间减短且出苗率增加;在25℃下,种仁吸水4h达恒重,吸水时间比带整壳核桃楸种子快14倍;种仁的出苗率是带整壳核桃楸种子的9倍.     

彩色甜椒品种比较试验

为筛选获得适合广东大棚栽培种植的优良彩色甜椒品种,采用随机区组设计方法对引进的5个彩色甜椒品种‘锦紫’、‘锦玉’、‘锦黄’、‘锦红’和‘锦桂’进行品种比较试验。品种间植物学性状、产量、商品性和果实品质分析的结果表明：品种间植株生长势差异显著;‘锦紫’和‘锦红’单株产量和小区产量高,但‘锦紫’果实品质差;‘锦红’和‘锦黄’维生素C含量高、含糖量高、口感好、商品性最好,可作为广东大棚大面积推广的优质品种。     

辣椒种子引发技术优化试验

本文对辣椒种子引发方法进行了优化。以不同品种的辣椒种子为试材,利用振荡器作引发工具,用不同化学药剂和H2O作引发剂,通过测定引发过的辣椒种子的发芽特性,筛选最佳引发剂配方和引发时间。实验结果表明,引发后的种子发芽特性和抗逆性均增强,处理（1）‘1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4,处理4天’的综合表现最佳,处理（4）‘10% PEG+1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4,处理6天’的种子在半个月内发芽特性最好,但3个月后发芽率明显下降。由此可见,处理（1）‘1.8% KNO3+0.2% ZnSO4,处理4天’为最佳引发方法。     

黑龙港区小麦玉米农艺节水技术集成模式综合评价及推广建议

黑龙港属华北缺水低平原区,水资源不足是限制该区农业生产发展的主要因素。该区主要种植模式为冬小麦－夏玉米一年两熟制,小麦、玉米高产主要靠超采地下水来维持。近年来,随着小麦节水技术的推广应用,粮田产量和水分效率在逐步提高,但节水高产潜力仍然巨大。特别是从周年水资源高效利用出发,建立区域特色的两熟一体化节水高效技术模式,十分必要。运用熵权综合评价法对“黑龙港及鲁北平原区小麦玉米减蒸降耗农艺节水技术集成与示范”项目形成的小麦玉米农艺节水技术集成模式进行评价,筛选出最佳的节水技术模式。得到的结论是：最少水肥投入模式最优,节水省肥模式次优,传统高水肥模式最差。节水省肥是未来发展现代农业的方向。应该进一步提高农户农业节水意识,利用多种手段,促进农户采用小麦玉米节水技术优化模式。     

Assessment of yocoboue wild oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) from Côte d'Ivoire

Following a survey involving wild oil palm groves in Côte d’Ivoire as a whole in 1968, 17 parents were chosen at Yocoboué (southernCôte d’Ivoire). Agronomic performance of the 17 parents was assessed through Deli × Yocoboué hybrids in 3 trials grown at La Mé (Côte d’Ivoire), Mondoni and La Dibamba (Cameroon).When compared to the Deli × La Mé progenies used as controls, the Deli × Yocoboué hybrids produced 91% for total bunch weight and86% for oil yields. However, the genetic variability within the Deli × Yocoboué progenies allows to select individual progenies as productive as the Deli × La Mé controls, for breeding purposes. A study of major agronomic traits led to the choice of parent YO 11 T , which combines the largest number of favourable traits. On average, Deli × Yocobouéprogenies have slower vertical growth and are susceptible to Fusarium wilt, except 2 parents (YO 3 T and YO 9 T), which seem to be resistant.     

Evaluation of the effects of five QTL regions on Fusarium head blight resistance and agronomic traits in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of quantitative trait locus (QTL) regions for resistance to FHB and estimate their effects on reducing FHB damage to wheat in Hokkaido, northern Japan. We examined 233 F₁-derived doubled-haploid (DH) lines from a cross between ‘Kukeiharu 14’ and ‘Sumai 3’ to determine their reaction to FHB during two seasons under field conditions. The DH lines were genotyped at five known FHB-resistance QTL regions (on chromosomes 3BS, 5AS, 6BS, 2DL and 4BS) by using SSR markers. ‘Sumai 3’ alleles at the QTLs at 3BS and 5AS effectively reduced FHB damage in the environment of Hokkaido, indicating that these QTLs will be useful for breeding spring wheat cultivars suitable for Hokkaido. Some of the QTL regions influenced agronomic traits: ‘Sumai 3’ alleles at the 4BS and 5AS QTLs significantly increased stem length and spike length, that at the 2DL QTL significantly decreased grain weight, and that at the 6BS QTL significantly delayed heading, indicating pleiotropic or linkage effects between these agronomic traits and FHB resistance.     

Variation in heading date conceals quantitative trait loci for other traits of importance in breeding selection of rice

To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with the primary target traits for selection in practical rice breeding programs, backcross inbred lines (BILs) derived from crosses between temperate japonica rice cultivars Nipponbare and Koshihikari were evaluated for 50 agronomic traits at six experimental fields located throughout Japan. Thirty-three of the 50 traits were significantly correlated with heading date. Using a linkage map including 647 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), a total of 122 QTLs for 38 traits were mapped on all rice chromosomes except chromosomes 5 and 9. Fifty-eight of the 122 QTLs were detected near the heading date QTLs Hd16 and Hd17 and the remaining 64 QTLs were found in other chromosome regions. QTL analysis of 51 BILs having homozygous for the Koshihikari chromosome segments around Hd16 and Hd17 allowed us to detect 40 QTLs associated with 27 traits; 23 of these QTLs had not been detected in the original analysis. Among the 97 QTLs for the 30 traits measured in multiple environments, the genotype-by-environment interaction was significant for 44 QTLs and not significant for 53 QTLs. These results led us to propose a new selection strategy to improve agronomic performance in temperate japonica rice cultivars.     

高温胁迫条件下水稻生理生化指标与产量性状的相关性研究

为探索水稻发育的不同时期高温胁迫对其产量性状的影响与其生理生化指标变化的相关性,试图找出研究耐热品种和热敏品种差异的最适时期。本研究分别在耐热性不同的水稻品种的不同生育时期进行了高温胁迫处理。灌浆结实期发生高温胁迫,品种间差异较大,耐热品种的可溶性糖含量的增加幅度(64%)明显高于热敏感品种(32%),耐热品种可溶性蛋白含量增加幅度较大（增加了41%）,而热敏感品种减少幅度较大（减少了16%）。耐热品种和热敏感品种产量性状的差异在灌浆结实期表现的尤为突出,耐热品种还保持较高的结实率和谷重,而热敏感品种反之。灌浆结实期可能是研究水稻耐热性差异的一个最佳时期。