昆虫视觉在寄主寻找及定位过程中的作用

昆虫与寄主植物相互作用的研究一直是生态学研究的重要问题,在过去的几十年中一直以化学生态学为主导,昆虫视觉在寄主寻找与定位过程中的功能研究很少。随着试验技术与观测手段的不断提高,尤其是昆虫视网膜电位测定技术的发展,为昆虫视觉功能研究提供了新手段和新技术。本文阐述了昆虫视觉的概念与内涵,分析了昆虫视觉的研究现状及目前对昆虫视觉功能的认识误区,总结了昆虫视觉在寄主植物寻找过程中的作用:包括昆虫视觉的光谱学响应,对寄主植物形态刺激、寄主分布及农业景观的反应,并介绍了视网膜电位技术在昆虫视觉功能研究中的应用。本文认为将来的昆虫与植物关系的研究应综合考虑视觉和嗅觉的作用,昆虫视觉功能的研究应与化学信息通讯研究同样受到重视。昆虫视觉在寄主寻找、定位过程中的作用和功能将会成为昆虫-植物关系研究中一个非常具有前景的领域。     

藜麦的饲用潜力及适应性

全球气候变化和食物安全问题给世界农业带来了巨大的压力,开发新作物资源有助于解决全球变化背景下的食物安全问题。藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa)原产于南美洲安第斯山脉,除了籽实营养价值高而全面之外,植株其它部分也具有很高的营养价值,同时藜麦还具有耐贫瘠、耐旱、耐盐碱和耐霜冻等特性,具有很强的环境适应能力,因而具备了成为新的作物和牧草的潜力。本文综合分析了国内外藜麦研究的相关文献,介绍了藜麦作为饲草使用的潜力,总结了其在干旱、贫瘠、盐碱土壤条件下的适应性及其机制,以及其对温度和光照的响应特性,最后对藜麦的深入研究和饲用推广进行了展望。     

Displacement iteration Form finding Arithmetic in R Coordinates of ISFSL

In order to put the Internal Stretch Forming Space Lattice Structure (ISFSL) into practice, based on the Geometrical Displacement iterative Method, the Displacement iteration Form finding Arithmetic in R Coordinates is proposed,in which only the displacement iteration is exerted on span coordinates of ISFSL. A detailed study on the form finding process is carried out, which is based on an ISFSL with a long span of 80m. The result shows that this arithmetic is very simple with great efficiency and working speed. When the sixth iteration is accomplished, the maximal absolute value of error of coordinates is only as follows: ΔR=7.03E-04m, Δθ=6.7E-0°, ΔZ=.04 E-0m,which is satisfied to the engineering oriented need. The arithmetic also ensures the continuum and integrality of the structural forming and loading analysis, and is quite fit to the form finding study of ISFSL.      

Opioid dysphoria in three dogs

Objective: To describe the clinical manifestations and response to management of opioid dysphoria in 3 dogs. Case summary: Three dogs being managed for post‐operative pain were evaluated. All 3 dogs had been managed with various opioids including morphine, hydromorphone, and fentanyl following the surgical procedure. The 3 dogs exhibited vocalization that did not respond to interaction and did not change with administration of analgesic and anxiolytic agents. The dogs were treated with naloxone and, within 5 minutes of its administration, ceased vocalizing, and became aware and interactive with their environment. Further pain management consisted of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory medications, alpha‐2 (α₂) receptor agonists or the partial μ‐receptor opioid agonist, buprenorphine. New and unique information provided: Vocalization and lack of response to interaction with humans are clinical signs which can be seen in dogs with opioid dysphoria, and generally are not responsive to analgesics or sedation. Reversal with naloxone results in rapid resolution of vocalization and opioid‐induced dysphoria.     

A PROSPECTIVE CLINICAL TRIAL COMPARING METRIZAMIDE AND IOHEXOL FOR EQUINE MYELOGRAPHY

A prospective clinical trial comparing adverse postmyelographic effects and myelographic quality of metrizamide and iohexol was conducted. Using a predetermined, randomized assignment, 24 horses exhibiting neurologic signs were administered either metrizamide (180 mgl/ml) or iohexol (180 mgl/ml) via cerebellomedullary puncture. Each horse was evaluated postmyelographically for adverse effects. Myelographic quality was assessed by a numerical scoring method. Adverse effects were observed more frequently with metrizamide (21) compared with iohexol (6) myelography (p < 0.05). Seizures, intensification of preexisting neurologic signs and prolonged anesthetic recovery were the most common complications after myelography. There was no difference in myelographic quality (p > 0.05). We conclude that iohexol is safer than metrizamide for equine myelography and that quality myelograms can be obtained with either contrast medium.     

马波沙星研究进展

马波沙星作为一种专用于动物的新型第3代氟喹诺酮类广谱抗菌药,其可用于狗、猫、猪、牛等动物的呼吸道、消化道、泌尿道及皮肤感染问题,具有吸收快速且彻底、对组织渗透性强、分布范围广泛特点,同时,其在血浆和组织中的含量较高,消除半衰期长、生物利用度高的良好特性。本文主要对马波沙星的作用机制、药动学、药效学及临床使用、不良影响及注意事项进行综述,为马波沙星在临床使用提供一定的参考价值。     

彰武沙区不良气候条件对人工造林的影响

彰武县沙区造林成活率低,受风吹沙打、降水量少、土壤干旱等不利因素影响较大。调查发现：0～100cm土层土壤含水率对杨树当年生长非常重要,0～100cm土层土壤含水率大于2％,草本植物才能生长正常。应慎重选择造林品种,以乡土树种为主。从沙地生态保育角度考虑,彰武应以封山（沙）育林、封山（沙）育草、禁山禁牧为主,造林为辅。     

叶绿素荧光动力学在研究植物逆境生理中的应用

叶绿素荧光动力学技术被称为研究植物光合功能的快速、无损伤探针，已逐渐在研究环境胁迫对植物光合作用影响上进行利用，本文就这方面的研究工作及叶绿素荧光动力学基本理论作一综述。