THE NEW METHOD-QL SYSTEM FOR MEASURING DYNAMIC ACCURACY OF THE DRIVETRAIN

The paper introduces a new method-QL system suggested for the first time by the author for measuring dynamic accuracy of gear cutting machine drivetrain. The system has many uses. It suits not only the measurement of mid-size machine tool but also the measurement of very slow speed, large ratio, large-size machine drivetrain     

Role of IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis in the pathogenesis of psoriasis-like lesions induced by imiquimod in mice

AIM: To observe the dynamic changes of IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis in psoriasis-like lesions of mice induced by imiquimod (IMQ).METHODS: BALB/c female mice were randomly divided into control group and IMQ group. The morphological changes of lesional skin in mice were evaluated according to the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) and HE staining. cytokine antibody chips were used to determine the cytokine changes in serum and lesions. The mRNA and protein expression of cytokines were analyzed by cytometric bead array, real-time PCR and Western blotting. Moreover, the changes of cellular constituents in the peripheral blood and splenic cells of mice were detected by flow cytometry.RESULTS: Typical psoriasis-like skin lesions, such as red scaly skin plaques, caused by topical IMQ showed a parabolic dynamic change. There was a dynamic increase in proinflammatory cytokines of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in IMQ-treated skin. IMQ application resulted in elevated expression of cytokines related with IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis,Th1-type cytokines,Th2-type cytokines and Treg-type cytokines at day 4. IMQ-treated BALB/c mice showed an increased pericentage of dentric cells in peripheral blood and spleen compared with control animals. Percentages of Th17 and Treg in IMQ-treated mice were increased by 3~4 times and twice as compared with control mice, respectively.CONCLUSION: The skin lesions, histopathological features and cytokine changes in mice induced by IMQ are similar to human psoriasis, which are suitable for investigating the pathogenesis of psoriasis as a psoriasis-like model. IL-23/IL-17 axis is involved in the formation of psoriasis-like skin lesions in mice induced by IMQ and presents a dynamic change. Besides, Th1 cell-mediated inflammatory response is also activated in the formation of lesional skin, accompanied by the increase expression of Th2 and Treg cytokines in a feedback mechanism.     

实度对直叶片垂直轴风力机风轮气动性能的影响分析

实度是直叶片垂直轴风力机设计的关键参数,对风力机气动性能起主导作用.分析并建立了垂直轴风力机局部流场下的力学模型,研究实度与气动性能的关系;对风力机进行了数值模拟,分析了叶片的动态力学特性,并重点研究风轮半径、弦长及叶片数量对风能利用率的影响;进行了样机实验验证了数值模拟的精度与可靠性.研究发现:实度增加,风力机在低尖速比下的启动特性得到改善,但产生高风能利用率的有效尖速比范围变小;样机实度为0.628时,2叶片和4叶片风轮的输出功率相当,但4叶片风轮的输出功率比2叶片风轮更稳定;实度参数对风能利用率贡献不同,弦长变化可提高风能利用率的峰值,而叶片数量的增加会降低风能利用率的峰值.     

猪的肠道微生物与宿主营养代谢

肠道中栖息着数量庞大复杂多样的微生物菌群,肠道微生物在宿主健康中发挥着重要作用,既影响着饲料消化、营养物质吸收和能量供应,又调控着宿主正常生理功能及疾病的发生与发展.动物胃肠道不仅是消化器官,还是感应器官,肠道对营养物质的感应可以通过脑肠轴调节机体生理活动.肠道微生物还能代谢蛋白质产生宿主细胞不能合成的肽类物质,并通过小肠上皮的肽类转运系统影响机体代谢,因此可能存在微生物-肠道-大脑轴.肠道微生物还可以与机体形成宿主-微生物代谢轴,对动物机体营养物质代谢和免疫稳态起重要作用.饲粮对宿主代谢的改变,常伴随有肠道微生物区系的变化,肠道微生物的代谢可能通过微生物-肠道-大脑轴以及宿主-微生物代谢轴调节宿主很多生理过程,进而影响机体整体代谢.本文概述了猪肠道微生物区系与宿主肠道营养物质代谢的关系,以加深关于肠道微生物对机体代谢贡献的认识.     

喹噁啉类药物对醛固酮合成和分泌影响的研究进展

喹噁啉类药物的肾上腺毒性作用主要表现为对醛固酮合成和分泌的影响。随着喹噁啉类药物作为抗菌促生长剂在畜牧业中的广泛应用,其肾上腺毒性逐渐受到关注。本文从醛固酮合成过程和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统这两方面,综述了近年来该类药物对醛固酮影响的研究进展,旨在为后期进一步揭示喹噁啉类药物的肾上腺毒性做出贡献。     

渐开线花键轴冷滚轧工艺试验

根据啮合原理,运用等升距螺旋面的形成理论设计了滚轧轮理论廓形,采用试验计算法对滚轧轮的理论廓形进行修正;对滚轧轮的材料选择、热处理工艺进行了输入的研究,根据修正后的滚轧轮廓形制造出滚轧轮;进行了渐开线花键轴冷滚轧工艺等方面的研究,设计了冷滚轧渐开线花键轴的数控程序,进行了实际零件加工试验。结果证明:这套从滚轧轮设计、材料选择、制造到渐开线花键轴加工工艺设计理论的正确性。为自主设计制造冷滚轧滚轧轮提供了可行的方案,为冷滚轧渐开线花键轴提供了加工工艺规范。     

具有变/定转轴的一类分岔2Rv广义并联机构构型综合

现有大部分2R并联机构靠近定平台的第1个转轴方向矢量不变,靠近动平台的第2个转轴方向矢量只随着第1个转轴而变化,第2转轴相对于动平台不变。本文利用有限旋量理论,在具有变/定转轴分岔1Rv（Rv表示变转轴转动）并联机构基础上,提出一类具有变/定轴线的2Rv并联机构。分析了机构装配条件和驱动配置。此种分岔2Rv并联机构包含4种运动模式,即定-定转轴运动模式、定-变转轴运动模式、变-定转轴运动模式和变-变转轴运动模式。将传统的2条定转轴2R并联机构拓展为具有变/定转轴（变转轴和定转轴）的分岔2Rv广义并联机构。     

具有导流板直线翼垂直轴风力机气动特性分析

为了改善直线翼垂直轴风力机的气动特性,通过在风力机外部安装平板型导流板,用以改变来流方向,改善叶片周围流动情况,从而提升风力机的气动特性.以采用NACA0018翼型的4叶片小型直线翼垂直轴风力机为对象,在风力机外部均匀安装了6枚平板型导流板,采用二次正交旋转设计方法,对导流板的宽度、角度和与风力机距离进行研究.以平均静态力矩为指标,通过数值模拟研究得到一组最优的导流板结构参数,并对静态流场进行了分析.根据数值模拟得到的最优导流板结构参数,制作了导流板及风力机模型,进行了风洞试验.结果表明:导流板的安装有效提升了直线翼垂直轴风力机的启动性能和气动性能.在10 m/s风速下,与无导流板的风力机相比,有导流板的风力机最大静力矩系数提升了35.6%,功率系数提升了39.5%.结论可为采用导流板来提升风力机性能的研究提供有益的参考.     

C5a-C5aR轴在鸭疫里氏杆菌感染致鸭肝损伤中的作用

本试验旨在阐明C5a-C5aR轴在鸭疫里氏杆菌（Riemerella anatipestifer）感染致雏鸭肝损伤中的作用。将保存的鸭疫里氏杆菌复苏培养，同时制备鸭抗凝血，将鸭疫里氏杆菌与鸭抗凝血混匀，分别与抗C5a抗体和抗C5aR抗体孵育后进行全血试验，利用ELISA检测C5a及各炎性因子表达水平；利用鸭疫里氏杆菌感染雏鸭，同时分别用抗C5a抗体和抗C5aR抗体处理进行动物试验，采集主要组织进行病理组织学检查；采集雏鸭外周血和肝组织进行细菌计数；采集外周血分离血清后，进行血清酶活性检测，应用ELISA检测血清C5a及炎性因子水平；采集肝组织，利用荧光定量PCR检测主要炎性因子mRNA转录水平。结果显示，在全血试验和动物试验中，与R.anatipestifer组相比，R.anatipestifer +anti-C5a组和R.anatipestifer +anti-C5aR组C5a、TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）；阻断C5a-C5aR轴可显著降低鸭疫里氏杆菌感染雏鸭的发病率和死亡率，同时减轻雏鸭心、肝和脾组织损伤；阻断C5a-C5aR轴能显著降低鸭疫里氏杆菌感染雏鸭外周血和肝细菌数及谷丙转氨酶（alanine aminotransferase，ALT）和谷草转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase，AST）水平；荧光定量PCR检测发现，与R.anatipestifer组相比，R.anatipestifer +anti-C5a和R.anatipestifer +anti-C5aR组C5aR、Sphk1、FGL2、TNF-α和IL-1β mRNA转录水平显著降低（P<0.05）。本研究成功证实C5a-C5aR轴激活有助于鸭疫里氏杆菌感染雏鸭，阻断C5a-C5aR轴可显著减轻雏鸭组织损伤和炎症反应，为进一步研究抗鸭疫里氏杆菌感染药物提供新思路。     

Insights into host-microbe interaction:What can we do for the swine industry?

Recent discoveries have underscored the cross-talk between intestinal microbes and their hosts. Notably, intestinal microbiota impacts the development, physiological function and social behavior of hosts. This influence usually revolves around the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). In this review, we firstly outline the impacts of the host on colonization of intestinal microorganisms, and then highlight the influence of intestinal microbiota on hosts focusing on short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and tryptophan metabolite-mediated MGBA. We also discuss the intervention of intestinal microbial metabolism by dietary supplements, which may provide new strategies for improving the welfare and production of pigs. Overall, we summarize a state-of-the-art theory that gut microbiome affects brain functions via metabolites from dietary macronutrients.