盐渍化土壤改良措施的作物生产效应

河西灌溉农业区的土壤盐分随水而迁移到低洼地聚集,导致土壤呈盐渍化而不宜种植牧草作物等。为修复这一土地资源,在土壤（0～10 cm）含盐量为18%～42%的土地上开挖排盐沟洗盐后种植牧草和农作物,研究其生产能力。结果表明：在排盐沟间距240 m地段种植的紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa比同等条件下种植的啤酒大麦Hordeum vulgare的生物量高0.53倍,蛋白质产量高3.57倍;比在排盐沟间距350 m地段种植的啤酒大麦生物量和蛋白质产量分别高1.38倍和5.60倍;比未改良地段（天然草地）相应高4.82倍和16.31倍。改良盐渍化草地、种植紫花苜蓿生产不仅为动物带来了营养丰富的食物,而且作为极有价值的草产品资源纳入了干草销售体系。此外,还使原本退化严重的天然草地,变成了高产、稳产的紫花苜蓿栽培草地,对恢复草地生态具有极其重要的推广意义。     

内毒素对肝脏p53表达及Ca2+浓度的影响

为探讨内毒素在致大鼠肝损伤过程中对肝脏p53表达及Ca2+浓度的影响,将48只SD大鼠随机分2组:Ⅰ组为NS对照组;Ⅱ组为ET致病组,2组大鼠分别于第3、4、8、12h每组各处死6只,采集肝脏分别用于p53表达的Western-blotting检测和Ca2+浓度的FCM检测。结果显示,Ⅱ组p53的表达明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),且Ⅱ组一直呈上升趋势;Ⅱ组Ca2+的荧光指数明显高于Ⅰ组(P<0.01),且一直呈上升趋势。结果表明,ET能有效上调肝细胞p53蛋白的表达及Ca2+浓度。     

Effects of Dryk1A,ASF and alternative splicing of CaMKⅡδ on myocardial hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats

AIM: To investigate the role of dual-specificity tyrosine phosporylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A)-alternative splicing factor (ASF)-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱδ (CaMK Ⅱδ) pathway in the progression of myocardial hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. METHODS: The renovascular hypertension was induced by two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) method. The changes of blood pressure and myocardial hypertrophy were measured. The techniques of RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect CaMKⅡδ alternative splicing and the protein expression of Dyrk1A and ASF, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks after operation, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 2K1C rats increased (P<0.05). The increases in left ventricular weight (LVW), the ratio of LVW to body weight (BW) and the area of myocardial cells indicated that the hypertensive rats developed significant cardiac hypertrophy. The protein expression of Dyrk1A and mRNA expression of CaMKⅡδA and δB were significantly increased, while the protein expression of ASF and mRNA expression of CaMKⅡδC were decreased compared with sham-operated control rats (P<0.05). Treatment with Dryk1A inhibitor epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) or harmine effectively attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and reversed the changes in the protein expression of Dyrk1A, ASF and alternative splicing of CaMKⅡδ (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Dyrk1A-ASF-CaMKⅡδ pathway plays a role in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats.     

Hepatic lipidosis: Liver characteristics and acute phase proteins in affected turkeys

The hepatic lipidosis (HL) in fattening turkeys is a disease has been known for a long time, but the cause and pathogenesis is still not clarified. A recent study reported unexplained high levels of iron in liver tissue of fattening turkeys suffering from HL. In this study, the iron status, possible infectious or inflammatory influences in form of an acute phase reaction and the analysis of fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of turkeys affected by HL were examined. Three cases of HL on three different fattening turkey farms were investigated during the outbreak of the disease. Clinically affected and non-affected animals were subjected to a pathological examination, where the diagnosis HL or non-affected was made. In total, 70 birds were examined (40 with HL, 30 without HL) and blood and liver samples were taken. Additionally, samples from 15 slaughtered birds were taken as a further control group. In liver tissue, the iron content and the content of long-chain fatty acids were determined; in blood samples, ferritin and transferrin were measured. The iron content in liver tissue was more than three times higher for animals with HL than among non-affected animals and the control group. The transferrin levels were lowest for animals with HL, highest in the control group and in between for non-affected animals. The fatty acid pattern in liver tissue of affected animals indicated a shift from polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids compared to the control group and the non-affected animals. Overall, the non-affected animals of a flock affected by HL were similar to the healthy animals of the abattoir. The low acute phase protein levels for animals with HL together with high iron contents could indicate a previous malnutrition/starvation period and/or severe liver damage for those animals suffering from HL.     

Application of Airway Pressure Therapy in Veterinary Critical Care: Part I: Respiratory Mechanics and Hypoxemia

Over the past several decades, recognition of acute respiratory failure as the cause of death in patients suffering from various clinical conditions has prompted aggressiv investigation into the area of respiratory physiology and supportive respiratory care. With the evolution of emergency medicine and critical care services in both human and veterinary medicine, many patients previously considered unsalvageable due to the severity of their underlying disease are now being resuscitated and successfully supported, creating a new population of critically ill patients. Where only a decade ago these patients would have succumbed to their underlying disease, they now survive long enough to manifest the complications of shock and tissue injury in the form of acute respiratory failure. Investigation into the pathophysiology and treatment of this acute respiratory distress syndrom (ARDS) has facilitated increased clinical application of respiratory theerapy and machanical ventilation.¹ The purpose of this paper is to provide a basic review of respiratory mechanics and the pathophysiology of hypoxemia as they relate to airway pressure therapy in veterinary patients and to review the use of airway pressure therapy in veterinary patients This paper is divided into two parts; part I reviews respiratory mechanics and hypoxemia as they apply to respiratory therapy, while part II deals specifically with airway pressure therapy andits use in clinical cases.     

适于双向电泳分析的水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白提取方法的比较

为建立水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白的双向电泳技术,获得分辨度高、重复性好的双向电泳图谱.采用了酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法进行水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白质的提取,利用17cm、pH 5 ～8的IPG胶条对样品进行双向电泳,用PDQuest 8.0软件对电泳图谱进行分析,确定电泳的最佳参数.结果显示:采用17cm、pH 5 ～8的IPG胶条能得到较好的双向电泳图谱;同一样品的三种不同蛋白提取方法(酚抽提法、TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法)分别得到1278、885、827个蛋白质点.酚抽提法能有效去除样品中的盐分和小分子的干扰,得到背景清晰的蛋白图谱;TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法所得图谱有一定的杂质干扰,同时TCA/丙酮沉淀法和丙酮沉淀法有蛋白点缺失,尤其在碱性端存在明显缺失现泉.研究结果建立了一套适于水稻纹枯病菌菌体蛋白的可靠提取方法和双向电泳体系,为进一步研究其蛋白质组学奠定了基础.     

改良背主动脉注射法对鸡胚发育与转基因表达效率的影响

背主动脉注射是生产转基因鸡的经典方法,该方法不需换壳培养,但壳内注射技术难度大,并且无法实时观察后期胚胎发育情况.本实验对背主动脉注射法进行了改进,将增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)腺相关病毒(Adeno-associated Virus,AAV)壳外注射至150枚HH 14～16期(Hamburger-Hamilton...     

Influence of race and crossbreeding on casein micelles size

Casein (CN) micelles are colloidal aggregates of protein dispersed in milk, the importance of which in the dairy industry is related to functionality and yield in dairy products. The objective of this work was to investigate the correlation of milk CN micelles diameter from Holstein and Zebu crossbreds with milk composition (protein, fat, lactose, total and nonfat solids and milk urea nitrogen), somatic cell count (SCC), age, lactation stage and production. Average casein micelles diameters of milk samples obtained from 200 cows were measured using photon correlation spectroscopy and multiple regression analysis was used to find relationship between variables. CN micelle diameter, SCC and nonfat solids were different between animals with different Holstein crossbreed ratios, which suggests influence of genetic factors, mammary gland health and milk composition. Overall, results indicate the potential use of CN micelle diameter as a tool to select animals to produce milk more suitable to cheese production.     

超声空化对软性磨粒流切削效率和质量的影响

为提高软性磨粒流切削的效能,研究了利用超声空化作用加快材料去除的方法。在分析磨粒抛光试验和计算流体动力学仿真结果的基础上,提出并验证磨粒碰撞壁面的动能是影响切削效率主要因素的假设;根据对超声空化气泡溃灭,及其在外围水域中冲击波形成与传播的研究结果,分析气泡溃灭在推动磨粒改变其动能时所起的增强湍流效果的作用。在此基础上搭建了超声辅助磨粒流试验装置,以表面覆有氧化层的硅片为试验对象,根据其表面氧化层的去除情况,分析超声空化对硅片表面材料去除能力的影响,并在磨粒流加工无氧化层硅片表面的试验中,观察到超声空化对磨粒流切削的显著影响。验证了超声空化能使磨粒流中的磨粒的动能发生改变,从而起到提高切削效率和提高表面质量的作用,以期为超声波作用下磨粒流加工工艺的改进提供参考。     

新疆南疆微小牛蜱Bm86基因及其编码蛋白剖析

为了能高效表达理想的微小牛蜱抗原,本研究对新疆生产建设兵团塔里木畜牧科技重点实验室已获得的Bm86基因（Bm86 Tarim）进行遗传进化分析,并对其编码蛋白进行生物学信息分析。结果显示本研究获得的新疆南疆微小牛蜱Bm86 Tarim序列与已登录的所有国外Bm86基因完整阅读框序列的核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为95.9%～98.6%和93.8%～97.8%,差异极小;遗传进化树分析结果显示本研究毒株与已登录多数毒株在同一分支内;生物学信息预测结果显示该蛋白不稳定,不溶性的概率为93.26%,有4个潜在糖基化位点。本试验结果为后续Bm86基因表达、免疫抗原制备和抗微小牛蜱疫苗的研制奠定基础。