Energy partitioning in cultured juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna,Thunnus orientalis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1844)

The characteristics of dietary utilization, energy conversion efficiency, metabolic rate and energy partitioning were measured for cultured Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) juveniles fed on an artificial diet. Thirty‐one juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g BW) were stocked into each of two 2500 L tanks to measure oxygen consumption (?O₂), swimming speed, digestibility and growth performance. ?O₂ elevated until 2.5 ± 0.3 times of pre‐feeding level within 1.5 h after feeding, except for the first feeding, and returned to pre‐feeding level within 3 h. Swimming speed fluctuation was corresponded with the ?O₂ fluctuation, and both parameters were stable from 02:00 to 06:00 and also during the whole day for starved fish. These indicate that feeding has strong influence on their metabolic rate. Energy partitioning for faecal, urinary and branchial, heat increment and voluntary activity, standard metabolism, and retained energy were calculated to be 17.2%, 5.9%, 14.9%, 41.3% and 20.7% of total ingested energy, respectively. The results indicate that, unlike other fish, juvenile PBT distribute large amount of energy for maintenance, which allows only a little proportion of ingested energy available for growth.     

水杨酸对湖北海棠活性氧代谢及超微弱发光的影响

 以50 μg·mL ^{- 1}水杨酸( SA) 喷施湖北海棠(Malus hupehensis Rehd. ) 幼苗, 结果显示: 超氧阴离子O^·₂ 的产生速率在处理后12～48 h明显高于对照, 而在72 h以后明显低于对照; H₂O₂ 含量在水杨酸处理后, 始终高于对照, 并在处理后第12和48小时出现两次峰值。POD活性在处理12 h后逐渐增加,SOD活性则在处理48 h后才有显著的增加, 而CAT在处理后24 h内活性高于对照, 48 h后明显低于对照。SA还明显促进了脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA) 的产生, 也明显促进了叶片的超微弱发光, 超微弱发光值在处理后的120 h内始终高于对照, 但在整个试验过程中超微弱发光的变化趋势与H₂O₂ 含量及O^·₂ 的产生速率的变化趋势明显不同。     

水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响

用水稻敏感品种TNl和具有不同抗性基因的品种Mudgo,ASD7和Rathu Heenati饲养稻褐飞虱(Nilaparvata lugens)，研究不同品种对褐飞虱体内酯酶、谷胱甘肽转移酶和多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性的影响。结果表明，褐飞虱在3种抗性品种上饲养一代后，其酯酶活性与敏感品种上的试虫相比没有显差异。然而，取食Mudgo和ASD7的雌成虫之间酯酶活性达到显性差异；取食Mudgo和Ruthu Heenati的雄成虫酯酶的Km值分别为取食TNl的2．78和2．58倍。褐飞虱体内酯酶活性还因其生物型的不同而异。对褐飞虱生物型1和生物型2个酯酶活力分布的测定结果表明，生物型2的雌、雄成虫酯酶活性均显低于生物型1的。研究还表明，在ASD7与Rathu Heenati上饲养一代后，褐飞虱雌、雄成虫GST的活性显高于取食TNl和Mudgo的个体，但抗性品种对褐飞虱成虫的多功能氧化酶氧—脱甲基活性没有明显影响。因此，水稻品种对褐飞虱代谢酶的影响因品种的特性，代谢酶的类型，甚至褐飞虱的性别而异。中对其可能的机制进行了探讨。     

青贮甘蔗尾、青贮玉米秸秆对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究青贮甘蔗尾(sugarcane tops silage,SS)和青贮玉米秸秆(corn straw silage,CS)对生长水牛生长性能、消化代谢及血液生化指标的影响。试验1:选择21头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛,随机分为3个组,分别饲喂SS+精料、CS+精料、SS+CS+精料,进行为期30 d饲养试验。试验2:另选6头体重、胎次相同或相近的6月龄生长水牛随机分为2组,分别饲喂SS和CS,不喂精料,利用全收粪法进行为期4 d的消化代谢试验。结果表明:①SS和CS单独饲喂对生长水牛平均干物质采食量(ADMI)影响不显著(P>0.05),饲喂CS组生长水牛平均日增重(ADG)较SS组高,差异不显著(P>0.05)。二者组合饲喂时生长水牛ADMI、ADG比其单独饲喂时高。②CS的养分消化率、氮代谢和能量代谢率均高于SS,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),二者中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)消化率差异不显著(P>0.05)。③SS和CS对生长水牛血液生化指标影响差异均不显著(P>0.05),对动物机体无不良影响。由此可见,单独饲喂时CS养分消化率较SS高,CS及SS对生长水牛血液生化指标均无不良影响,且二者组合饲喂能提高生长水牛生长性能。     

Effects of dietary fish oil replacements with three vegetable oils on growth,fatty acid composition,antioxidant capacity,serum parameters and expression of lipid metabolism related genes in juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis

Five isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets with soybean oil (SO), linseed oil (LO), algae oil from Schizochytrium sp. (AO), mixed oil (MO, SO:LO:AO = 1:1:1) and fish oil (FO; control group) were selected to feed juvenile Onychostoma macrolepis (initial weight 1.86 ± 0.07 g) for eight weeks. The results showed that in the LO and FO groups fish grew best. There was no significant difference in specific growth rate (SGR) and feed efficiency (FE) between the MO and FO groups (p > .05). The highest contents of 18:2n‐6, 18:3n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 in liver and muscle were found with the SO, LO and AO groups, respectively (p < .05). There appeared the highest malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the lowest superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the fish liver of the AO group. There appeared the highest concentrations of serum glucose (GLU), cholesterol (CHOL) and triglycerides (TG) in the SO group. The expressions of lipid anabolism genes were significantly up‐regulated by dietary SO and LO (p < .05). The expressions of lipid catabolism genes were significantly higher with the AO, MO and FO groups (p < .05). This study recommended that LO or MO as a better vegetable oil source for juvenile O. macrolepis.     

番茄果实采后一氧化氮处理对活性氧代谢的影响

 以番茄品种‘百利’为试材, 研究了NO处理对其采后活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明: NO处理可推迟果实呼吸和乙烯高峰的出现, 抑制O·₂ 和H₂O₂ 的累积, 保持了贮藏后期SOD、CAT、POD、APX 较高的活性以及GSH和AsA含量的较高水平, 延缓了MDA含量和膜相对透性的升高, 降低膜脂过氧化程度, 延缓了果实衰老。     

甜高粱茎秆糖产量形成及其调控研究进展

甜高粱茎秆多汁,糖分含量高,是最具有发展前景的绿色能源作物之一。作为重要的生物质能源作物,种植甜高粱的直接目标是获得高的糖产量。     

加减苍附导痰汤对痰湿阻滞型非酒精性脂肪性肝病氧化应激水平及脂质代谢的影响

目的 观察加减苍附导痰汤对痰湿阻滞型非酒精性脂肪性肝病（non-alcoholicfattyliverdisease,NAFLD）氧化应激水平及脂质代谢的影响。方法 将82例痰湿阻滞型NAFLD患者随机分为治疗组42例和对照组40例。治疗组给予口服加减苍附导痰汤,对照组给予口服奥利司他胶囊,两组的疗程均为12周。观察两组患者治疗前后总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平、肝脏脂肪含量（LFC）及不良反应的发生情况。结果 治疗后两组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C均较治疗前显著改善（P<0.05）,且治疗组各项指标的改善优于对照组（P<0.05）;两组血清ALT、AST、MDA及LFC较治疗前明显降低,而血清SOD水平升高（P<0.05）,且治疗组各项指标的改善优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 加减苍附导痰汤对痰湿阻滞型NAFLD患者保肝降酶及降低肝脏脂肪含量有较好的疗效,可能与其提高抗氧化及脂质代谢水平有关。     

控释氮肥对水稻氮代谢关键酶活性及糙米蛋白质含量的影响

为了探明控释氮肥提高氮素利用率的作用机理，研究了控释氮肥对水稻氮代谢关键酶活性以及糙米蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，施用控释氮肥能显著增强齐穗期和乳熟期叶片中的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性，且其增强作用可持续到蜡熟期。施用控释氮肥还能提高乳熟期和蜡熟期叶片中的蛋白水解酶活性，对水稻籽粒中谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酰胺转化酶活性有明显的促进作用，可增加糙米的全氮和蛋白氮含量，提高水稻产量。     

Does the Sulfur Assimilation Pathway Play a Role in the Response to Fe Deficiency in Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants?

Abstract

The finding that the methionine is the sole precursor of the mugineic acid family phytosiderophores induced us to evaluate whether sulfur assimilation pathway has a role in plant response to Fe deficiency. Maize plants were grown for 10 days in nutrient solution (NS) containing 80 µM Fe in the presence (+S) or absence (?S) of sulfate. After removing the root extraplasmatic iron pool, half of the plants of each treatment (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new Fe deficient NS (0.1 µM final Fe concentration) (?Fe). The remaining plants of each pre‐culture condition (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new NS containing 80 µM Fe (+Fe). Leaves were collected 4 and 24 hours from the beginning of Fe deprivation period and used for chemical analysis and enzyme assays. Results showed that iron content in the leaves was lower in plants grown in S‐deficiency than in those grown in the presence of the macro‐nutrient. Iron deprivation produced an increase in the level of SH compounds in both nutritive conditions (+S and ?S). These observations are suggestive of some relationship between S nutrition and Fe uptake. For this reason, we next investigated the influence of Fe availability on S metabolism through the evaluation of changes in ATPs and OASs activity, the first and the last enzyme of S assimilation pathway respectively. Results showed that S‐starvation increased the activity of both enzymes, but this effect disappeared in plants upon Fe deficiency suggesting that S metabolism is sensitive to Fe availability. Taken together these evidences suggest that S metabolism is sensitive to soil Fe‐availability for plant nutrition and support the hypothesis of S involvement in plant response to Fe deprivation.