Abdominal ultrasonographic findings at diagnosis of osteosarcoma in dogs and association with treatment outcome

The purpose of this study was to describe abdominal ultrasonographic findings present at diagnosis of osteosarcoma (OSA) in dogs and to investigate for associations with treatment outcome. Medical records from 118 dogs diagnosed with OSA that had abdominal ultrasonography performed as part of their initial evaluation were reviewed. Fifty‐seven percent had ultrasonographic abnormalities identified. The organ with the highest frequency of ultrasonographic changes was the spleen. While most sonographic changes were considered to be either benign or of unknown clinical consequences, metastases were identified in three dogs (2.5%), two of which (1.7%) did not have other evidence of metastasis. Dogs with any ultrasonographic abnormality were less likely to receive definitive therapy (P = 0.005) and exhibited shorter survival, although the latter observation was not statistically significant (P = 0.071). However, the identification of lesions in either the liver (P = 0.021) or the kidney (P = 0.003) was statistically associated with shorter survival.     

黄条魳(Seriola aureovittata)形态度量与内部结构特征

为了全面认识黄条(Seriola aureovittata)生物学特性,利用传统测量方式、框架测度法、几何形态测量法和解剖学方法,观察和测度了其外部形态特征、可量与可数性状及内部结构特征,并模拟构建了黄条形态性状度量框架图.观察了黄条不同部位鳞片和耳石形态特征,比较了各形态度量性状的比值关系,发现全长与体长比值、下颌长与上颌长比值、尾柄长与尾柄高比值变异较小,表明这些性状关联密切.利用统计分析方法建立了黄条全长(TL)与体重(BW)之间的关系模型:BW=2.1652TL2-140.35TL+2479.9 (R2=0.9812),体高(BH)与体重间的关系模型:BW=0.7575BH30059(R2=0.9816).研究分析表明,在黄条的12个可量形态性状中,除眼径外的其他11个形态性状间均存在显著相关关系.通径分析进一步揭示了体高和体长性状是影响体重的2个关键因素,其对体重的决定程度分别达41.34％和13.11％,它们对体重的共同决定程度达42.88％.本研究观察描述了黄条内部结构特征,其比肠长为0.62-0.69,脊椎骨数量为23-25,总出肉率可达75％.本研究结果可为黄条种质判别、系统分类及人工繁育与养殖技术开发提供形态认知依据.     

湖北白猪Ⅲ系额窦发育的解剖观察

猪额窦的发育与其年龄的增长成正相关。湖北白猪Ⅲ系的额窦发育也遵循这一规律。它在胎儿期,额骨的鼻额部汉是一层柔软骨板,出生后形成骨松质,到15公斤体重时,骨松质开始形成小腔室,30公斤体重时,形成主窦和许多侧窦,以后主窦加大并向后伸展,侧窦逐渐融合与主窦相通,到90—120公斤体重阶段,主窦和侧窦合并向额骨后端伸展,到达两眼眶后缘的连线。随着年龄的增长还可扩大到顶骨。在这一进展的过程中,通城猪(早熟品种)额窦发育最快,长白猪的较慢,湖北白猪Ⅲ系则界于两者之间,这与它全身发育界于两者之间是一致的。说明额窦的发育与品种的成熟程度有密切关系。从这一点出发,也可看出湖出白猪Ⅲ系生长发育的成熟程度界于两者之间而偏早熟。它属于优良的瘦肉猪新品种之一。     

沙棘根系形态解剖特征与其生态适应性研究

利用光学显微镜对沙棘的4个种类,不同立地条件的沙棘根形态解剖结构进行显微观察研究,结果表明:生长在同一生境下的中国沙棘、俄罗斯沙棘的根形态解剖结构差异很大,中国沙棘的皮层厚度比俄罗斯沙棘相对要厚,导管直径小,导管密度大,维管束占根面积的百分比较大,表现出中国沙棘适应干旱地区生态条件的结构特性。同一种类在立地条件不同的山地、滩地、人工林的中国沙棘根组织结构各部分也有明显差异,人工沙棘林根的皮层厚度比山地阴坡、山地阳坡和滩地沙棘根的皮层厚度都要宽,维管束直径也大;导管密度则以山地阳坡根导管密度最大,立地条件不同所造成的差异是由于人工林、滩地及山地,土壤水分逐渐减少即逐渐趋于干旱,土壤肥力逐渐减弱即逐渐趋于贫瘠,中国沙棘形成了适应其严酷的立地条件变化的适应性特征,此项研究为沙棘的进一步开发和利用提供科学依据。     

独立学院植物生产类专业植物形态解剖实验实践教改研究

对独立学院植物生产类专业的专业基础课植物形态解剖实验实践的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、考核手段等方面进行了较深入的分析,从培养独立学院学生理论结合实践的能力、解决实际问题的能力等方面提出了教改的内容与实施措施,并在学生中初步实验验证,效果良好。     

ANATOMY OF THE PORTAL AND HEPATIC VEINS OF THE DOG: A BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC EVALUATION OF THE LIVER BY ULTRASONOGRAPHY

The objective of this study was to define, in detail, the anatomy of the portal and hepatic veins in the dog in order to establish a procedure for the systematic evaluation of the liver by ultrasonography. Anatomical details were obtained from the formalin fixed livers of ten dogs. The hepatic and portal veins were removed intact from these livers so that a detailed pattern of distribution could be established and the numbers of branches could be counted. Silastic casts were also made of the hepatic and portal veins of two livers, one in situ and one in which it had been removed. The former was to enable the relationship of the portal to the hepatic veins to be established as closely as possible within the animal and the other to provide a model of the distribution of each venous system within the liver. Contrast medium was infused into two other livers and radiographs taken to establish the relationship of each branch to each lobe. It was found that there was a consistent pattern of venous branching to each lobe of the liver in the dog with little variation between individual specimens. All liver lobes contained definite venous branches so that the left lateral and medial, quadrate, right medial and lateral, caudate and papillary veins could be distinguished in each venous system. We believe that an appreciation of this venous distribution will aid in the systematic evaluation of the liver during ultrasonography by enabling identification of each liver lobe. It should be of value for differentiating portal from hepatic veins and veins from dilated bile ducts.     

厚壁毛竹与毛竹叶片的光学解剖结构比较分析

采用常规石蜡切片技术,对厚壁毛竹Phyllostachys edulis‘Pachyloen’和毛竹Phyllostachys edulis的叶片进行比较解剖研究,分析厚壁毛竹和毛竹叶表皮、叶肉细胞和梭形细胞等性状的解剖特征。结果表明,厚壁毛竹与毛竹叶的解剖结构组成基本相似;同一竹种不同年龄竹叶间各解剖因子存在明显差异,1年生新竹叶片的梭形细胞最为发达,导管截面积,输水截面积和韧皮部截面积也均高于其他年龄竹;而3至5年生竹的叶角质层厚度、维管束鞘细胞截面积大于1年生和2年生竹。     

动物腹腔手术后粘连的成因及防制概述

就术后粘连发生的诱因、发生机理进行了阐述,并结合动物粘连模型的试验研究结果及临床研究结果,对预防腹腔手术后粘连的药物和方法进行了综述。     

甘蓝型油菜显性细胞核雄性不育系宜3A花药发育的解剖学研究

对甘蓝型油菜显性细胞核雄性不育系宜３Ａ 花药发育过程中的显微结构和超微结构的观察结果表明, 宜３Ａ 雄性败育发生于花粉母细胞阶段, 其主要特点是花粉母细胞不进行减数分裂, 不能形成二分体或四分体; 花粉母细胞原生质体浓缩并逐步收缩, 最后解体; 在相当于正常油菜的单核小孢子阶段, 花粉母细胞壁上形成“类花粉壁”; 同时, 其绒毡层细胞质浓缩, 并逐步解体。