昆虫抗菌肽生物学活性及其应用前景

昆虫抗菌肽是昆虫免疫后存在于血淋巴中的一类活性肽 ,具有广谱的抗菌、抗病毒、抑制肿瘤的生物活性 ,具有很高的应用潜力。本文主要介绍昆虫抗菌肽的类型、生理活性、基因的克隆与表达及在动物科学中的应用前景     

天然食品防腐剂作用机理研究进展

食品防腐一直是食品和畜产品加工业所面临的难题 ,在化学防腐剂和传统的物理除菌方法受到种种限制的同时 ,天然食品防腐剂的研究和应用进入了一个新领域 ,也逐渐显示其优势。本文从天然食品防腐剂的作用模式及其微生物对这些防腐剂的抗性机制出发 ,讨论既能满足消费者需求又能有效防腐的新的食品保护剂领域的趋向以及需要解决的问题     

围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病的防治进展

奶牛代谢性疾病给奶牛饲养业造成重大经济损失。因此 ,如何搞好奶牛的饲养管理 ,减少代谢病的发生 ,充分发挥其生产潜力 ,是当前奶牛代谢病防治工作中亟待解决的问题。本文主要阐述了围产期奶牛能量代谢障碍病的危害、病因及防治措施     

桉树体细胞培养研究进展

体细胞培养能获得稳定的遗传材料,还能通过变异获得抗性的育种材料。在现代科学技术的支撑下,通过体细胞培养来获得次生代谢物和进行细胞育种的技术不断完善。本文从桉树愈伤组织培养、原生质体培养、悬浮培养、体细胞胚胎发生和人工种子等五个方面对二十世纪八十年代以来桉树体细胞培养的研究进展进行了综述。     

陕西百年农业科技发展研究

笔者回顾了陕西百年来不同时期农业科技发展的历史背景与社会环境,分析了陕西农业科技发展的动因与本质、范围与对象、社会需求等内在属性特征;总结了陕西农业科技发展的主要成效,即构建了农业科研技术服务体系、培育推广了技术良种方法、发展了农业产业、形成了农业科技发展的政策人才环境、改变了农业传统观念与生产方式;归纳凝练出陕西农业科技发展的经验启示,即农业科技发展是解决农业诸多矛盾的必然要求、实现农业现代化的有效途径、构建农业安全的重要举措,同时农业科技发展必须以国家需要、人民需求为根本出发点。指出陕西农业科技发展中成果转化率不高、体制机制僵化、省级支持不够、基层人员结构不合理等问题,提出通过“科研面向需求”、设立省级基金、开展农技有偿服务、扩大农技部门人事权限、发挥各类市场主体作用来解决问题,推动全省农业科技持续稳步发展。     

丘陵红黄壤区施用399对“一种两收”再生稻根系和产量的影响

[目的]研究399对"一种两收"再生稻的影响。[方法]以适宜丘陵红黄壤种植的丰两优香1号、准两优527、宜优673再生稻品种为材料,分别设置喷施399和不喷施399(CK)2种处理,研究各处理对再生稻根系和产量的影响。[结果]结果表明:施用399使水稻在生育期上延缓成熟,且施后再生稻的总根系数量、白根数量、根鲜重、根干重、根体积大幅度增加,同时在两季总产量上准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673品种分别比对照增产6.39%、4.86%、5.94%。[结论]施用399有利于准两优527、丰两优香1号和宜优673再生稻品种再生根的发生。     

甲状腺素对猪小肠上皮细胞miR-let-7a基因表达及细胞增殖的影响

miR-let-7a在动物细胞的分化、增殖与凋亡等方面发挥越来越重要的作用。甲状腺激素(TH)作用非常广泛,机体的每个细胞几乎都是TH作用的靶细胞,其可以促进组织分化、生长和成熟。本实验用甲状腺素(T4)浓度分别为(0、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.075、0.1、0.2μmol/L)在体外培养猪的小肠上皮细胞。结果表明:T4处理组的细胞体积形态相对于空白对照组没有明显变化;当T4添加浓度为0.03μmol/L时,细胞的增殖率显著低于其他组(P0.05);当T4浓度为0~0.03μmol/L时,let-7a的表达随着添加剂量的增加而升高,浓度从0.03~0.2μmol/L变化时,let-7a的表达呈现降低趋势,浓度为0.03μmol/L时表达量极显著高于其他组(P0.01)。let-7a的表达量与细胞增殖呈负相关。     

Effect of miR-19a on lipid catabolism in hepatocyte LO2

AIM: To observe the effect of microRNA-19a (miR-19a) on the lipid catabolism of hepatocyte LO2, and to explore the potential mechanism. METHODS: miR-19a was over-expressed or silenced by transfection of miR-19a mimics or miR-19a inhibitor into LO2 cells, then the mRNA level of miR-19a was detected by real-time PCR. The potential target of miR-19a was found by the method of bioinformatics through internet website. The effect of miR-19a on the 3' UTR of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) was measured by dual luciferase reporter assay, and the protein level of PPARα and its 2 major downstream rate-limiting enzymes involved in lipid catabolism, acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase (ACADM) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), were detected by Western blotting. Meanwhile, the effect of miR-19a on the generation of ketone body was measured by beta-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB) detection assay. RESULTS: The mRNA level of miR-19a was dramatically elevated by the transfection of miR-19a mimics, and sharply decreased by the transfection of miR-19a inhibitor (P<0.05). PPARα was found as a potential target of miR-19a, and dual luciferase reporter assay and Western blotting confirmed the regulatory effect of miR-19a on the expression of PPARα, with the protein level changes of ACADM and CPT1A. miR-19a mimics down-regulated, while miR-19a inhibitor up-regulated the concentration of β-OHB in LO2 cells (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: miR-19a regulates the lipid catabolism of hepatocytes by targeting the PPARα and its 2 downstream rate-limiting enzymes.     

Fusarium solani Upregulated Sesquiterpene Synthase Expression,Sesquiterpene Production and Allelopathic Activity in Piper betle L.

Activators of sesquiterpene synthase (STS) gene expression and sesquiterpene production in Piper betle L. were examined using quantitative real time PCR and gas chromatography mass spectrometry methods, and the allelopathic activity of untreated and Fusarium solani-treated betel extracts was tested on seed germination and on the shoot and root growth of Thai rice variety PSL2 (Oryza sativa cv. Phitsanulok 2) and three dominant paddy weeds (Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa crus-galli and Chloris barbata). The results demonstrated that F. solani dramatically upregulated STS expression and productions of β-cubebene, β-caryophyllene and germacrene D sesquiterpene when compared with the untreated control, and that betel extracts had a greater inhibitory effect on weeds than on rice. The effects were more clearly detected on seed germination and root growth than on shoot growth, and they were found to be dose-dependent. It is also noted that F. solani-treated extract had stronger effects than the untreated extract. The species most sensitive to the allelopathic effects was C. barbata, germination of which was completely inhibited even at a dose of 0.1 mg/mL untreated extract. With regards to rice, although betel extract at 1.0 mg/mL showed no inhibition on germination, it affected the elongation of rice roots, in addition to those of the tested weeds. The obtained data suggested that F. solani has potential as an activator of sesquiterpene allelochemical production via STS expression, the latter leading to the treated betel extract having a stronger phytotoxic effect. These results were beneficial in the promotion of natural herbicide production using biotechnology.