Protein and energy concentrations of meat meal and meat and bone meal fed to pigs based on in vitro assays

The objective of this study was to develop equations for estimating ileal digestible crude protein (CP) and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of meat meal (MM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) as feed ingredients for pigs based on in vitro assays. Test ingredients were 4 sources of MM and 3 sources of MBM. Ash and CP contents of the ingredients ranged from 3.8% to 33.1% and 46.8% to 82.9% (as-is basis), respectively. In vitro ileal disappearance (IVID) of CP was determined and ileal digestible CP content was calculated by multiplying CP content by IVID of CP. In vitro total tract disappearance (IVTTD) of dry matter (DM) was determined and ME was calculated using gross energy, CP contents, and IVTTD of DM. The IVID of CP and IVTTD of DM ranged from 77.2% to 88.7% and from 82.7% to 92.4%, respectively. Calculated ileal digestible CP and ME contents ranged from 37.8% to 73.5% DM and 2,405 to 3,905 kcal/kg DM, respectively. Ash contents were negatively correlated (P < 0.001) with CP (r = −0.99), in vitro ileal digestible CP (r = −0.97), gross energy (r = −1.00), in vitro digestible energy (r = −0.97), and adjusted ME (r = −0.97). The most fitting equations for ileal digestible CP and adjusted ME were: ileal digestible CP (% DM) = 11.91 − 0.90 × Ash (% DM) + 0.74 × IVID of CP (%) (R² = 0.99) and adjusted ME (kcal/kg DM) = 130.85 − 50.90 × ash (% DM) + 47.06 × IVTTD of DM (%) (R² = 0.99). To validate the accuracy of the prediction equations for ME, mean bias and linear bias were determined using a regression analysis. Calculated ME values of MM and MBM were in a good agreement with data obtained from animal experiments based on a statistically insignificant bias in the models. In conclusion, ME concentrations of MM and MBM as swine feed ingredients can be calculated using ash concentration and in vitro disappearance of dry matter.     

Experiment for Condensing Heat Transfer Performance in a New Type of Horizontal Three Dimensional Inner Microfin Tubes

A new type of three dimenstional inner microfin tube is devoloped. Under four different pressures and in the range of condensing mass velocities from 33 to 153 kg/m2 . s,and by the experimental study of the three kinds of tubes with different microfin parameters, the performances of the condensation heat transfer for R11 in the horizontal microfin tubes and obtained. The experiments show that the inner microfin tube is a hopeful and nighty effective condensing heat transfer enhancement tube.     

论压弯构件

钢筋混凝土轴心受力构件、受弯构件和偏心受压构件在力学行为上有一个共同的特征,即构件的材料纤维均处于单向应力状态。为便于分析比较,特将这三类构件的力学性能一起讨论。     

优质独本菊和多头菊规模化栽培技术试验

以独本菊和多头菊为研究对象,对其进行了育苗和栽培试验。结果表明:间歇式全光雾照扦插出的苗品质好,省时省事,B9和多效唑结合使用矮化效果好,且垄作套盆比平地套盆栽培效果好,有利于规模化生产。     

Site‐specific management is crucial to managing Mikania micrantha

Increasingly, weeds have been taking on global distributions. With the proliferation of invasive weeds has come the challenge of managing these species over broad geographical regions, with diverse habitats and political jurisdictions. Here, we review the management of Mikania micrantha Kunth (Asteraceae; mile‐a‐minute) throughout its invaded range, extending through most of the Pacific islands and southern and south‐east Asia. Context matters when determining the best course of action for managing M. micrantha, as it has invaded a large variety of agricultural and natural systems. In Queensland, Australia and Florida, USA, M. micrantha has been targeted in relatively successful eradication campaigns, highlighting the importance of early detection and rapid response methods, while elsewhere in its invaded range, populations are either still increasing or showing limited signs of decline. An inter‐regional approach to research and management should incorporate successful management strategies employed throughout the invaded range including, but not limited to, chemical and cultural control practices, manual and mechanical control, classical biological control using the rust fungus Puccinia spegazzinii, plant–plant competition and integrated approaches utilising two or more control methods concurrently. Additional knowledge of M. micrantha genetics is required to determine if management approaches could be fine‐tuned for particular populations. Countries bordering the Mekong River formed a network in 2011 to co‐ordinate the management of invasive species such as M. micrantha. Expanding such a collaborative approach to other regions could further reduce populations of M. micrantha and limit its spread.     

青岛潮间带底栖微藻生物量研究

2004年3~6月,选择胶州湾口近海作为研究海区,在栈桥、湛山湾和石老人3个站位每月取样两次,每次退潮后,在潮间带固定地点采集底质样品,分别测定样品中叶绿素a、b、c和脱镁叶绿素a的含量,同步观测海水温度、海水密度和pH值。结果显示,青岛近岸春季海水水温上升较快,海水密度和pH比较稳定。栈桥取样点底质中叶绿素a、b、c和脱镁叶绿素a的平均含量分别为0·58、0·47、0·34和0·16μg/g。湛山湾取样点底质中的叶绿素含量最高,波动较小,叶绿素a、b、c和脱镁叶绿素a的平均含量分别为0·72、0·56、0·36和0·45μg/g。石老人海水浴场底质中的叶绿素含量最低,波动较大,叶绿素a、b、c和脱镁叶绿素a的平均含量分别为0·36、0·28、0·20和0·29μg/g。     

抑制OsAGO1a基因的表达导致水稻叶片近轴面卷曲

 AGO蛋白是RNA诱导沉默复合体的核心元件,在植物生长发育过程中发挥着重要作用。通过分别特异性地扩增OsAGO1a基因中第2外显子和第11~12外显子的片段,构建了两个干涉载体OsAGO1aI 1E和OsAGO1aI 2E。利用农杆菌介导法转化水稻品种日本晴,抑制OsAGO1a基因的表达,借此研究OsAGO1a的功能及其对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明, 抑制OsAGO1a的表达导致叶片的近轴面卷曲而对其他主要农艺性状的影响不大。     

猪排泄地点选择及其对圈栏污染程度的影响

该文论述了影响猪排泄地点的选择和圈栏内污染程度的各种环境(温度、湿度、光、气流速度、垫草)、设备布局(圈栏尺寸、形状、设备相对位置、隔栏方式)、管理(调教、喂料)等因素,并对评价圈栏内污染程度的方法进行探讨。旨在指导科学布置圈栏,将圈栏设计成长窄形,漏缝地板设在短向一侧;并尽量育成和育肥分开饲养,避免在育成阶段饲养面积偏大;通过工程手段实现漏缝地板处和躺卧区在温度和气流速度上的差异,以实现猪群在局部漏缝地板排泄。在生产管理中,避免饲养密度过大;通过通风系统控制圈栏内的温度以及空气污染;转群时进行调教,喂料有规律并对疾病进行及时诊断和治疗,都能降低圈栏污染程度,以实现真正意义的清洁生产。     

搞好广安水土保持大示范区建设的几点认识

广安市在水土保持工作中 ,克服过去水保部门单打一的做法 ,把与生态环境建设相关的项目全部纳入“长治”工程大示范区建设范围 ,打好总体战。同时 ,把水保工程作为农、林、牧产业化和旅游发展的基础 ,以水保工程促进产业开发 ,以产业开发巩固水保成果 ,使得水保工程取得了显著的社会、经济、生态效益